Abstract: Process recipe data associated a process to be performed for a substrate at a process chamber is provided as input to a trained machine learning model. A set of process recipe settings for the process that minimizes scratching on one or more surfaces of the substrate is determined based on one or more outputs of the machine learning model. The process is performed for the substrate at the process chamber in accordance with the determined set of process recipe settings.

Abstract: Disclosed is a four-stroke direct injection engine comprising a camshaft, and exhaust valve, and a control system. The control system is configured to change the timing of the camshaft to advance a closing of the exhaust valve, control a first fuel injection step during a compression stroke of the piston, control a second fuel injection step during a power stroke of the piston, and control a third fuel injection step, after the second fuel injection step, during the power stroke of the piston.

Abstract: An energization control unit is configured to perform a constant current control by repeatedly switching between an on-state and an off-state of at least one upstream switch provided in an energization path of a coil of a fuel injection valve to control opening of the fuel injection valve in a drive period in which the coil is energized to drive the fuel injection valve. A current detection unit is configured to detect a coil current flowing through the coil. A valve-opening detection unit is configured to detect valve-opening timing of the fuel injection valve based on a change in at least one frequency spectrum of the coil current in a constant current control period in which the constant current control is performed. A valve-opening correction unit is configured to correct valve opening of the fuel injection valve based on a detection result of the valve-opening detection unit.

Abstract: The present disclosure in at least one embodiment provides an apparatus for braking a vehicle, including at least one sensor for detecting a braking input of the vehicle, a front-wheel EMB including a front-wheel motor and a front-wheel brake for braking a front wheel(s), a rear-wheel EMB including a rear-wheel motor and a rear-wheel brake for braking a rear wheel(s), a front-wheel ECU for controlling the front-wheel motor for allowing the front-wheel EMB to brake the front wheel, a center ECU for calculating and transmitting, upon receiving the braking input from the at least one sensor, a braking force to the front-wheel ECU, and controlling the rear-wheel motor for allowing the rear-wheel EMB to brake the rear wheel, and a battery for supplying electric power to the front-wheel ECU and the center ECU, wherein the front-wheel EMB is controlled by the front-wheel ECU, and the rear-wheel EMB is controlled by the center ECU.

Abstract: A seal for a plumbing fitting includes two or more respective apertured sealing portions. Each apertured sealing portion independently includes one or more edge portions enclosing an aperture therebetween. The apertured portions are integrally formed.

Abstract: A vehicle control device recognizes a surrounding situation of a vehicle, controls steering and acceleration or deceleration of the vehicle without depending on an operation of a driver of the vehicle based on the surrounding situation and map information, determines a driving mode of the vehicle to be one of a plurality of driving modes including a first driving mode and a second driving mode, determines whether there is an error in the map information based on the surrounding situation and the map information, and in a case where an error is determined in the map information while the vehicle is driving in the second driving mode, continues the second driving mode when a preceding vehicle is recognized within a first predetermined distance, or changes the second driving mode to the first driving mode when a preceding vehicle is not recognized within the first predetermined distance.

Abstract: A hydrogen combustion device including a first plate including a plurality of through holes; a second plate approached to the first plate so as to define a chamber between the same plates; a heater of the first plate; an injection system configured to inject hydrogen into the chamber through the holes; and a generator defining a potential difference between the plates so that the hydrogen in the chamber defines an electric arc between the plates.

Abstract: Safety of vehicles employing an electrolysis generator is improved by a rollover abatement system.

Abstract: A fuel injector for a combustion engine. The fuel injector includes a check valve with a return element that is a magnet, by means of which a magnetic field can be provided or is provided, such that, as a result of the decrease in pressure, a second valve element of the check valve can be moved from an open position back into a closed position and held in the closed position.

Abstract: An engine brake rocker arm assembly is operable in an engine drive mode and an engine braking mode and selectively opens first and second exhaust valves. The engine brake rocker arm assembly includes an exhaust rocker arm configured to rotate about a rocker shaft, an engine brake capsule assembly movable between (i) a locked position configured to perform an engine braking operation, and (ii) an unlocked position that does not perform the engine braking operation, and a hydraulically controlled actuator assembly configured to selectively move the engine brake capsule assembly between the first and second positions.

Abstract: A control apparatus for an engine includes a crank angle sensor and a processor. The processor acquires a first crank angular velocity difference which is a change in a crank angular velocity in a first region. The first region includes a rotational change correlated with an engine torque output. The processor acquires a second crank angular velocity difference which is a change in the crank angular velocity in a second region. The second region includes a rotational change correlated with a combustion rate attributable to an air-fuel ratio. In a case where the first crank angular velocity difference is less than or equal to a first threshold and the second crank angular velocity difference is less than or equal to a second threshold, the processor performs an increase correction on a fuel amount to be supplied to the engine.

Abstract: A chain cover includes a first member, which is made of a hard plastic, and a second member, which is made of a material different from the hard plastic. The first member is formed by insert molding with the second member as an insert. A first joint surface is formed in a peripheral portion around an insertion hole. The first joint surface is joined to the first member. The first joint surface includes a first joint portion, which includes a lattice-shaped recess portion, and a second joint portion, which includes grooves. The grooves extend in a direction in which the peripheral portion extends, while being arranged in an intersecting direction, which intersects with the extending direction. The second joint portion is provided to be closer to a space adjacent to the peripheral portion than the first joint portion.

Abstract: A vehicle, system, and method include a first tank configured to contain compressed gaseous fuel, such as hydrogen, and a second tank fluidly couplable to the first tank and an internal combustion engine, the second tank configured to store the gaseous fuel from the first tank in a communal cavity with a non-combustible liquid, such as water, without a bladder or physical separation barrier therebetween, and to selectively deliver the gaseous fuel via a first outlet, and the non-combustible liquid via a second outlet, to the internal combustion engine. A turbine may be disposed between the first and second tanks. One or more condensers may condense water from engine exhaust and/or an air conditioning system and pump the liquid water into the second tank. Pressure within the second tank may be controlled via fuel supplied by the first tank and/or liquid supplied via the condensers and pump.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to systems and methods of increasing functional safety of locomotives. In exemplary embodiments, a locomotive functional safety system is configured to: receive one or more manual control commands from a locomotive control stand and/or a user interface onboard a locomotive; determine whether the one or more manual control commands pass or satisfy one or more predetermined criteria; if the one or more manual control commands pass or satisfy the one or more predetermined criteria, approve the one or more manual control commands and allow the one or more manual control commands to be relayed onward and/or acted upon; and if the one or more manual control commands do not pass or satisfy the one or more predetermined criteria, disapprove the one or more manual control commands and disallow the one or more manual control commands to be relayed onward and/or acted upon.

Abstract: A method and apparatus according to the invention is described, which in a first mode operates as an internal combustion engine delivering energy and in a second mode operates as a pulsed compression reactor converting electrical energy in the form of chemical compounds. In the second mode, at least one of the generated compounds is collected and temporarily stored.

Abstract: An HHO gas second fuel is produced in a pressure-resistant container and distributed at a low volumetric rate at multiple locations about the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: An engine valve actuation system includes a lifter sleeve having a control fluid slot formed therein and extending from an outer sleeve surface to an inner sleeve surface. A valve lifter is movable in a sleeve bore in the lifter sleeve and limited from rotation about a longitudinal axis. The valve lifter includes a hydraulically actuated activation-deactivation switch, and a control fluid port in continuous fluid communication with the control fluid slot.

Abstract: A method for supplying hydrogen-operated internal combustion engines with oxygen, wherein an inert gas is cycled. An economical local supply of pure oxygen for a closed-cycle hydrogen engine with argon cycling is realized by separating the oxygen from the atmosphere without relying on the useful work of the engine. OSM ceramics and exhaust gas heat and low oxygen partial pressure of the exhaust gas are used to generate oxygen. Two reactors filled with OSM ceramics are used, these reactors being alternately purged with exhaust gas and regenerated with air. Losses of inert gases and the entry of atmospheric nitrogen are avoided by intermediate purging with steam. The steam is generated by the heat of the exhaust gas or exhaust air. A mixture of water vapor, inert gas and oxygen is formed during purging. Subsequently, the oxygen content in the gas phase is markedly increased since water vapor is condensed out.

Abstract: A port fuel injection system includes a fuel pump configured to produce a flow of pressurized liquid fuel at a pressure between 10 and 50 bar. A fuel rail is connected to receive the flow of pressurized liquid fuel from the fuel pump, the fuel rail. A plurality of fuel injectors, including one fuel injector positioned in the intake port of each engine cylinder upstream of the intake valve for the engine cylinder are connected to receive pressurized fuel from the fuel rail. An engine control unit (ECU) receives signals from sensors on the internal combustion engine and is programmed to actuate the fuel injectors to deliver fuel to each engine cylinder over a full range of engine operating conditions. A port fuel injection system with high pressure and fast acting fuel injectors improves fuel delivery and performance over the full range of engine operating conditions.

Abstract: A vehicle control device configured to control switching of drive mode of a vehicle including an internal combustion engine and a motor includes a processor configured to switch, in a case where a road surface of a perimeter of a geofencing zone is a road surface on which there is a high probability that the vehicle slips, in a movement route from an outside of the geofencing zone to an inside of the geofencing zone, the drive mode of the vehicle to drive by the motor in a state in which there is a low probability that the vehicle slips, outside the geofencing zone.