Abstract: A method for making a vinyl carbonate represented by the formula (I): CH2═CHOC(O)X1R1  (I) wherein X1 is oxygen or sulfur and R1 is a substituted or an unsubstituted aliphatic alkyl, aryl, aryl alkyl, olefinic, vinyl, or cycloaliphatic group comprises: (a) reacting a compound represented by the formula (II): X2C(O)X1R1  (II) wherein X2 is a halogen other than fluorine, with a compound represented by the formula (III): M1—F  (III) wherein M1 is selected from a Group IA metal, in the presence of a first phase transfer catalyst and a first organic solvent, to form a compound represented by the formula (IV): FC(O)X1R1  (IV);  and (b) reacting a compound represented by the formula (IV) with a compound represented by the formula (V): CH2═CHOSi(R2)3  (V) wherein R2 is a substituted or an unsubstituted aliphatic alkyl, aryl, aryl alkyl olefinic, vinyl, or cycloaliphatic group, or any combination thereof, in the presence of a metal salt

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing a useful medicinal intermediate represented by the following formula (1): in which, R1, A and n are defined as described in the specification, or its stereoisomer, characterized in that a compound represented by the following formula (2): in which, R, R1, A and n are defined as described in the specification, is reacted with a cyanide in the presence of a nickel catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of salts of cyclic amidines of the general formula (I) The processes described hitherto as prior art enable salts of the compound (I) to be produced only at low yields. As a result of protecting &ohgr;-amino-&agr;-amino acids selectively at the &ohgr;-amino function, oxidative decarboxylation of the latter protected compounds by means of halogen derivatives, and subsequent cyclisation of the oxidatively decarboxylated substances with the addition of acid, according to the invention salts of the compound (I) are achieved in better yields.

Abstract: A process for preparing aliphatic alpha, omega-diamines by hydrogenation of aliphatic alpha, omega-dinitriles in the presence of a catalyst comprises using a hydrogenation catalyst comprising (a) iron or a compound based on iron or mixtures thereof, (b) from 0.001 to 0.3% by weight based on (a) of a promoter based on 2, 3, 4 or 5 elements selected from the group consisting of aluminum, silicon, zirconium, titanium and vanadium, and also (c) from 0 to 0.3% by weight based on (a) of a compound based on an alkali and/or alkaline earth metal.

Abstract: The application discloses methods of treating mammalian diseases characterized by undesirable angiogenesis by administering compounds including those having the general formulae wherein A is a fused tropone having a general formula: wherein X is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxy, carboxy, halogen, nitro, C1 to C12 alkenyl, C1 to C12 alkyl, C1 to C12 alkoxy, SR, NR2, OSO3−, OSO2NR2, HNSO3−, NHSO2NR2, SSO3−, SSO2NR2, wherein R is hydrogen or a C1 to C6 alkyl and the 17-ester and keto derivatives thereof, in a dosage sufficient to inhibit cell mitosis. The application discloses novel compounds used in the method of the invention.

Abstract: A compound selected from the group consisting of enantiomers and diastereoisomer forms and mixtures thereof of the formula wherein the substituents are defined as in the application having a strong affinity for optical receptors, central analgesic, diuretic, anti-arrythmic, hypotensive and cerebral anti-ischemic activity.

Abstract: C3-12 alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl and cycloalkyl cyanoacetates are prepared by an efficient and simplified one-step process in which a small molar excess of the corresponding alcohol, i.e., C3-12 alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl or cycloalkenyl alcohol is reacted with crystalline cyanoacetic acid, or a concentrated aqueous solution of cyanoacetic acid, in the presence of an acid catalyst, such as, for example, methanesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid at a temperature in the range of from about 60° C. to about 150° C., in accordance with the following reaction: CNCH2COOH+R—OH→(cat)CNCH2COOR+H2O  (I) where R is a C3-12 alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl or cycloalkyl.

Abstract: A process for producing indolmycin or a salt thereof which comprises reacting a compound of the formula: or a salt thereof with methylamine or a salt thereof, can be produced in an optically active form in a high yield and high quality, and is advantageous from the industrial point of view.

Abstract: A process for hydrogenation of aliphatic alpha, omega-dinitriles in the presence of a heterogeneous fixed bed catalyst comprises using a reaction mixture comprising from 2 &mgr;mol to 30 mmol NA, K, Rb, Cs, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba or Mn or mixtures thereof in the form of a basic salt, based on 10 mol of aliphatic alpha, omega-dinitrile used.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel cycloalkylalkane-carboxamides of the formula I where the substituents have the following meanings: A is C3-C6-cycloalkyl; R1 is C1-C6-alkyl or C2-C6-alkenyl; R2, R3 and R4 are hydrogen or, independently of this meaning, have one of the meanings of the radical R1; n is 0 or 1; Y is cyano or halogen; w is phenyl, naphthyl or heteroaryl.

Abstract: Hydroxyaromatic compounds such as phenol are carbonylated with oxygen and carbon monoxide in the presence of a catalyst system comprising a Group VIIIB metal, preferably palladium; an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal halide, preferably sodium bromide; and at least one sulfone such as sulfolane. The catalyst system also preferably contains a compound of another metal, preferably lead.

Abstract: The invention relates to (1) a process for producing a cyanobenzaldehyde compound by converting the aminomethyl group in a cyanobenzylamine compound into an aldehyde group using an oxidizing agent without impairing the cyano group, to (2) a process for producing a cyanobenzoyl halide compound by converting the aldehyde group in a cyanobenzaldehyde compound into an acid halide group without impairing the cyano group, and to (3) a process for producing a cyanobenzoic acid compound by reacting a cyanobenzaldehyde compound with a hypohalogenous compound. According to the present invention, cyanophenyl derivatives that are useful as an intermediate of medical preparations, agricultural chemicals, liquid crystals, functional high molecular monomers and the like can be produced efficiently from raw materials that are obtained without difficulty.

Abstract: The invention is a method for the reduction of ammonia breakthrough during the manufacture of acrylonitrile comprising introducing a hydrocarbon selected from the group consisting of propane and isobutane; ammonia and an oxygen-containing gas into a lower portion of a fluid-bed reactor containing an ammoxidation catalyst to react in the presence of said catalyst to produce acrylonitrile. The method comprises introducing into the reactor at least one C2 to C5 olefin which will react with at least a portion of the unreacted ammonia and oxygen present in the reactor to substantially reduce the amount of ammonia present in the reactor effluent exiting the reactor.

Abstract: A process for preparing N-[1-(S)-ethoxycarbonyl-3-phenylpropyl]-L-alanine N-carboxyanhydride of the following formula (I), is to react N-[1 -(S)-ethyoxy carbonyl-3-phenylpropyl]-L-alanine with XCOOR, wherein X is halogen atom, R is C1-C6 alkyl, to obtain a N-alkoxycarbonyl compound, then reacting with an acyl group activation reagent, finally contact with water. The compound of formula (I) is a key intermediate of ACE inhibitors.

Abstract: Provided is a selective hydrogenation process for producing aminonitriles by contacting the corresponding dinitriles with a hydrogen-containing fluid in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst, a solvent and a cyanide compound.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of compounds having the formula (I) wherein W, R2, R3, R5 and R6 are as defined in the description, which are useful as intermediates in the synthesis of pesticidally active compounds.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing aliphatic alpha-omega amino nitriles in the presence of a catalyst composed of (a) iron or an iron based compound or a mixture thereof (b) 0.01 to 5 wt. %, in relation to (a), a promoter based on 2, 3, 4, or 5 elements selected from the group comprising aluminum, silicon, zirconium, titanium, and vanadium, and © to 0.5 wt. % in relation to (a) a compound based on an alkaline metal or alkaline-earth metal. The inventive method is characterized in that the aliphatic alpha-omega dinitrile contains 1.0 ppm or more phosphorus. Catalysts are obtainable through the reductive and optional successive passivation of magnetite, whereby the catalysts have a BET surface of 3 to 10 m2/g, a total pore volume of 0.05 to 0.2 ml/g, an average pore diameter of 0.03 to 0.1 mm and a pore volume portion in the range of 0.01 to 0.1 mm of 50 to 70%.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for recovering a metal nitrite, e.g., sodium nitrite, from a reaction mixture formed from an aromatic displacement reaction such as the synthesis of an aromatic bis(ether phthalimide) in an organic non-polar solvent. The process comprises forming a reaction mixture from the synthesis of an aromatic bis(ether phthalimide) comprising a recoverable amount of metal nitrite; treating the reaction mixture with an amount of water effective to produce an aqueous solution phase of metal nitrite and an organic non-polar phase; and separating the aqueous solution phase of metal nitrite from the organic non-polar phase.

Abstract: 4-Hydroxy-2-pyrrolidinone which is useful as a raw material of drugs can be produced rapidly and highly selectively in a high yield from an optically active or recemic 4-amino-3-hydroxybutylic acid derivative or a 4-azido-3-hydroxybutyric acid derivative by adding a base catalyst to the reaction system. 4-Hydroxy-2-pyrrolidinone having a high optical purity can be obtained by carrying out recrystallization of optically active 4-hydroxy-2-pyrrolidinone without using a poor solvent.

Abstract: A process for the cyanoethylation of substituted cycloaliphatic vicinal diamines which comprises reacting acrylonitrile and a diamine in the presence water as catalyst. Cyanoethylated methylcyclohexylamines are readily prepared in the presence of water.