Abstract: A compression ignition type engine, wherein a first combustion where the amount of the recirculated exhaust gas supplied to the combustion chamber is larger than the amount of recirculated exhaust gas where the amount of production of soot peaks and almost no soot is produced and a second combustion where the amount of recirculated exhaust gas supplied to the combustion chamber is smaller than the amount of recirculated exhaust gas where the amount of production of soot peaks are selectively switched between. When NOx should be released from an NOx absorbent arranged in an exhaust passage of the engine, the second combustion switched to the first combustion and the amount of reduction of the output torque of the engine is compensated for by the output torque of an electric motor.

Abstract: A flow control device comprises a body member for mounting the device in a container the body member defining thereon a first location and a second location; a first duct extending through the body member from the first location to the second location, the first duct having a first cross section and a first length; a second air duct extending through the body member from the second location to the first location, the second duct having a second cross section and a second length; characterised in that the cumulative effect of the relationship between the first cross section (D) and first length (L) of the first duct (15), and the second cross section (d) and second length (l) of the second duct (16) being such as to offer: relatively low impedance to flow of liquid along the first duct (15) from the first location to the second location and a consequent flow of air along the second duct (16) from the second location to the first location; and relatively high impedance to flow of liquid along the first duct (15