Abstract: An optical device which leads light beams emitted by a light source to a predetermined illumination area comprises first and second light leading members. The first light leading member includes a first incident surface configured to be entered the light beams emitted by the light source and a first outgoing radiation surface configured to emit the light beams. The second light leading member includes a second incident surface configured to be entered the light beams emitted from the first outgoing radiation surface of the first light leading member and a second outgoing radiation surface configured to emit the light beams. The first outgoing radiation surface has a shape different from that of the first incident surface. The second outgoing radiation surface has a shape different from that of the second incident surface.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an LCD device includes forming a gate bus line, a gate insulating layer, an active layer, and a source/drain metal layer on a transparent insulating substrate; etching the source/drain metal layer and active layer to form a source/drain electrode and a channel layer while forming a metal protection pattern in a peripheral region of the transparent insulating substrate; forming a protection layer and a pixel electrode on the insulating substrate; forming a main seal line at an interior region of the array substrate, forming a first auxiliary seal line between the metal protection pattern and the main seal line, and forming second and third auxiliary seal lines; and attaching a color filter substrate to the array substrate via the main seal line.

Abstract: A light-emitting device having the quality of an image high in homogeneity is provided. A printed wiring board (second substrate) (107) is provided facing a substrate (first substrate) (101) that has a luminous element (102) formed thereon. A PWB side wiring (second group of wirings) (110) on the printed wiring board (107) is electrically connected to element side wirings (first group of wirings) (103, 104) by anisotropic conductive films (105a, 105b). At this point, because a low resistant copper foil is used to form the PWB side wiring (110), a voltage drop of the element side wirings (103, 104) and a delay of a signal can be reduced. Accordingly, the homogeneity of the quality of an image is improved, and the operating speed of a driver circuit portion is enhanced.

Abstract: In a discharge tube of the present invention, a filler gas is composed of a mixture of inert gas and hydrogen gas and an airtight cylinder 10 in which the filler gas is enclosed in an airtight manner is provided. A pair of first and second discharge electrodes 22 and 24 are opposed to each other within an internal space of the airtight cylinder, so that an electric discharge is generated between discharging surfaces of the first and second discharge electrodes. In the discharge tube, a concentration of the hydrogen gas in the filler gas is set in a range from 20 percent by volume to 80 percent by volume.

Abstract: A sealing structure having a barrier membrane, with which the overall thickness of a display device can be reduced while ensuring sufficient barrier properties against water and oxygen so as to prevent deterioration of luminous layers. The sealing structure includes a multi-layered resin membrane for sealing an electronic element section disposed on a substrate, which is formed by alternately depositing flattening resin layers and barrier layers on the substrate. The flattening resin layers are formed inside a blocking region surrounding the electronic element section. A display device having the sealing structure, an electronic apparatus having the display device, and a fabrication method for the display device are also disclosed.

Abstract: A spark plug is composed of a main metal fitting having a cylindrical structure, an insulator disposed inside the cylindrical main metal fitting, a center electrode fitted in the insulator in a manner that a front end portion of the center electrode projects outward over one end of the insulator, and a grounding electrode mounted to the main metal fitting and having one end portion opposing to the front end portion of the center electrode through a discharge gap therebetween. The front end portion of the center electrode includes a conical portion having a tapered surface having a taper angle of less than 80°, and a columnar portion formed to a top end portion of the conical portion so as to have a diameter in a range of 0.4 mm to 0.8 mm.

Abstract: Carbon fouling adhered on an insulator tip of a spark plug of the present invention is burnt down by a leak current during an inductive discharge period, due to a promoted ionization before beginning a capacitive discharge, in such an arrangement of a central electrode that a border portion of a body and narrowed portion is positioned in an insulator. The carbon burning-down effect is further improved by a narrow projection provided with an earth electrode, due to increased inductive energy and extended inductive discharge time period. This is because an electric field in a discharge gap is raised, thereby decreasing a discharge voltage and suppressing an energy emitted from a coil during the capacitive discharge.

Abstract: An image-forming apparatus has a rear plate including electron-emitting devices formed thereon, a face plate including a fluorescent film formed thereon and being disposed to face the rear plate, flat plate spacers disposed between the rear plate and the face plate, and an outer frame surrounding peripheral edges of the rear plate and the face plate. Electrons emitted from the electron-emitting devices are irradiated to the fluorescent film to thereby display an image under condition where an inner space of a container constructed by the rear plate, the face plate and the outer frame is evacuated through a vent tube into a depressurized state. The vent tube is attached to a side of the outer frame that is positioned across an imaginary extension of the flat-plate spacer in the longitudinal direction thereof, or to the face plate or the rear plate in the vicinity of that side of the outer frame.

Abstract: A packaging structure for an OLED/PLED device. The packaging structure has a glass substrate on which a luminescent element is completed, and a sealing cap bonded to the rim of the glass substrate so as to seal the luminescent element within an airtight space. Also, a sealing agent is disposed between the rims of the sealing cap and the glass substrate, wherein the sealing agent is an alloy with a low eutectic point about 100˜300° C.