Abstract: Methods and apparatus for use of a fill on demand ampoule are disclosed. The fill on demand ampoule may refill an ampoule with precursor concurrent with the performance of other deposition processes. The fill on demand may keep the level of precursor within the ampoule at a relatively constant level. The level may be calculated to result in an optimum head volume. The fill on demand may also keep the precursor at a temperature near that of an optimum precursor temperature. The fill on demand may occur during parts of the deposition process where the agitation of the precursor due to the filling of the ampoule with the precursor minimally effects the substrate deposition. Substrate throughput may be increased through the use of fill on demand.

Abstract: Embodiments includes methods for forming a silicon nitride film on a substrate in a deposition chamber. In embodiments, the substrate is sequentially exposed to a sequence of processing gases, comprising: a silicon halide precursor that absorbs onto a surface of the substrate to form an absorbed layer of the silicon halide, a first reacting gas that includes N2 and one or both of Ar and He, and a second reacting gas comprising a hydrogen-containing gas and one or more of Ar, He, and N2. In embodiments, the hydrogen-containing gas includes at least one of H2 (molecular hydrogen), NH3 (ammonia), N2H2 (diazene), N2H4 (hydrazine), and HN3 (hydrogen azide). Embodiments may include repeating the sequence until a desired thickness of the silicon nitride film is obtained.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a heat management system which utilizes a device that provides for indirect multifaceted heating. The said device creates at least two regions of varying pressure within the system, hence enabling airflow through the device from the area of higher pressure to that of lower pressure. Furthermore, the system of the device creates at least two regions of varying temperatures, thus minimizing heavy burn by cooling the heated air passing through the system, and in particular through the burning smokable material.

Abstract: A method of controlling a hot wire anemometer (HWA) of a non-nicotine e-vaping device includes controlling, by a first PID controller, a level of power applied by the non-nicotine e-vaping device to the HWA based on a temperature of a heated element of the HWA and a temperature setpoint; generating a puff detection signal indicating whether or not a puff is currently occurring with respect to the non-nicotine e-vaping device; and while the puff detection signal indicates that a puff is not currently occurring with respect to the non-nicotine e-vaping device, detecting, by a second PID controller, a change in an ambient temperature of the HWA, and controlling, by the second PID controller, the temperature setpoint such that the temperature setpoint changes in response to the detected change in the ambient temperature of the HWA.

Abstract: A method of controlling a hot wire anemometer (HWA) of a nicotine e-vaping device includes controlling, by a first PID controller, a level of power applied by the nicotine e-vaping device to the HWA based on a temperature of a heated element of the HWA and a temperature setpoint; generating a puff detection signal indicating whether or not a puff is currently occurring with respect to the nicotine e-vaping device; and while the puff detection signal indicates that a puff is not currently occurring with respect to the nicotine e-vaping device, detecting, by a second PID controller, a change in an ambient temperature of the HWA, and controlling, by the second PID controller, the temperature setpoint such that the temperature setpoint changes in response to the detected change in the ambient temperature of the HWA.

Abstract: A method for cutting or otherwise removing material from an inorganic substrate (e.g., a substrate formed from a cementitious material, such as concrete, or stone, etc.) includes applying an aqueous solution that includes a hardener/densifier to the inorganic substrate and/or to a removal element (e.g., a saw blade, an abrasive wheel, a grinding disk, etc.), the inorganic substrate or material removed from the inorganic substrate as the removal element removes material from the inorganic substrate. A system for removing material from an inorganic substrate includes a removal element and an aqueous solution that includes a hardener/densifier.

Abstract: A device for producing concrete blocks, in particular concrete paving slabs, having a mold for filling with a concrete mixture, wherein the mold has at least one mold cavity for receiving the concrete mixture, and wherein the upwardly open mold cavity has walls as lateral boundaries, and wherein the at least one mold cavity can be filled with the concrete mixture by means of a filling device, and wherein the mold with the at least one mold cavity and the filling device are movable relative to one another in a filling axis. The filling axis is oriented obliquely to an axis of symmetry of the at least one mold cavity, with the result that preferably all of the walls of the mold cavity extend neither perpendicularly nor parallel to the filling axis, but at an angle.

Abstract: A method for compacting ceramic powder; a layer of uncompacted ceramic powder is conveyed to a pressure device, which has a structured contact surface and comes into contact with the powder material so as to obtain a layer of compacted powder material having a structured surface; the pressure device comprises a first layer and a superficial layer arranged on the first layer; at least part of the superficial layer wears so as to uncover at least part of the first layer and obtain at least areas of the first outwardly exposed layer the areas of the first outwardly exposed layer are hardened by means of irradiation with UV radiations.

Abstract: A method of forming metal nanostructures is a low temperature closed space vacuum deposition method. The method includes disposing a source material in an enclosed space at low evaporation temperatures to controllably form nanostructures of different dimensionalities on a substrate. The nanostructures have dimensionalities determined by a chosen evaporation temperature. An apparatus is also provided for performing the method.

Abstract: A sheet is provided, including a fibrous material, one or more nicotine salts, and a binder, at least about 20% by weight of the one or more nicotine salts being monoprotic.

Abstract: A sheet is provided, including a fibrous material, one or more nicotine salts, and sugar, at least about 20% by weight of the one or more nicotine salts being monoprotic.

Abstract: An aerosol generating apparatus includes a main body; a cartridge detachably coupled to the main body, comprising an air inlet hole through which external air is introduced, and configured to store a liquid material and generate aerosol by heating the liquid material; a cigarette detachably coupled to the main body, comprising a solid material, and disposed on a path along which the aerosol generated in the cartridge flows such that the aerosol passes through the solid material and is discharged to outside; and a cover detachably coupled to the main body to cover the cartridge coupled to the main body and comprising: a cigarette hole through which the cigarette is coupled to the main body; and a ventilation hole formed at a position adjacent to the air inlet hole of the cartridge and configured to discharge the aerosol remaining in the cartridge to the outside or introduce the external air.

Abstract: An aerosol generating device according to an embodiment includes a heater generating an aerosol by heating an aerosol generating substrate; a controller for controlling power supplied to the heater; at least one detachable element that is attachable to and detachable from an inner space or an outer space of the aerosol generating device; and a plurality of geomagnetic sensors for detecting changes in the strength of an internal magnetic field of the aerosol generating device, wherein the controller detects detachment of the detachable element based on a detection result from at least one of the plurality of geomagnetic sensors.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides aerosol generating substrates and aerosol source members comprising aerosol generating substrates, as well as methods of manufacturing thereof. In an example implementation, an aerosol generating substrate may comprise a fibrous filler material, an aerosol forming material, and a plurality of heat conducting constituents, wherein the substrate is formed as a sheet, and wherein the heat conducting constituents are part of the sheet. The heat conducting constituents may be incorporated within the sheet, or may be formed on a surface of the sheet. In another example implementation, an aerosol source member may comprise a substrate portion formed of a collection of intermingled pieces cut from an aerosol substrate sheet. In addition, or alternatively, a substrate portion may be formed of a series of overlapping layers of an aerosol substrate sheet.

Abstract: Provided is an aerosol generating system including a holder configured to generate aerosol by heating a cigarette; and a cradle including an inner space into which the holder is inserted. The holder is configured to be tiltable with respect the cradle. The holder is inserted into the inner space of the cradle and then tilted to generate the aerosol.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an atomization device and an electronic cigarette with the same. The atomization device includes a sleeving tube, a liquid storage cavity, and a liquid injection structure. A liquid injection opening is defined in one end of the sleeving tube, and both of the liquid injection opening and the air discharging opening communicate with the liquid storage cavity. The liquid injection structure includes a liquid injection tube, a first sealing member, and a second sealing member. The liquid injection tube runs through the sleeving tube, and a liquid inlet is formed in a side wall of the liquid injection tube. The first sealing member is arranged on one end of the liquid injection tube corresponding to the liquid storage cavity; and the second sealing member is arranged on an outer side of the liquid injection tube and seals the air discharging opening.

Abstract: Methods of depositing a film by atomic layer deposition are described. The methods comprise exposing a substrate surface to a first process condition comprising a first reactive gas and a second reactive gas and exposing the substrate surface to a second process condition comprising the second reactive gas. The first process condition comprises less than a full amount of the second reactive gas for a CVD process.

Abstract: A system including an injector, a press, and a robotic conveyance is used to form a physically foamed article of footwear component from a single-phase solution of a polymeric composition and a supercritical fluid. The parameters and features of the system are configured for the formation of the footwear component in an automated manner with enhanced throughput by the system.

Abstract: Provided is an aerosol generating article including a filter segment in which a channel is formed, the aerosol generating article including: a front-end filter segment arranged at an upstream end that is to be inserted into an aerosol generating device; a rear-end filter segment arranged at a downstream end that is to contact a mouth of a user; and a tobacco rod arranged between the front-end filter segment and the rear-end filter segment, wherein at least one filter segment of the front-end filter segment and the rear-end filter segment includes: at least one channel extending from the upstream end toward the downstream end; and a filter structure filtering out some components of aerosol, and wherein the at least one filter segment has a suction resistance corresponding to a ratio between a cross-sectional area of the at least one channel and a cross-sectional area of the filter structure.

Abstract: An aerosol-generating article (10) comprising: an aerosol generating substrate (12); and a mouthpiece (14) disposed downstream of the aerosol-generating substrate (12). The mouthpiece (14) comprises a hollow tubular segment (24) at its downstream end defining a mouth end cavity (40). The hollow tubular segment (24) comprises a hollow tube (31) of crimped fibrous material, and a plurality of non-crimped fibers (35) extending along and affixed to the inner surface (311) of the hollow tube (31).