Abstract: A scanning tunneling microscope using a tip which can be easily replaced. The microscope includes a piezoelectric drive mechanism for driving the tip, a tip holder to which the tip is attached, and a sample holder. The tip holder can be detachably mounted to the piezoelectric drive mechanism. The Z-axis of a coordinate system extends through the tip holder and across the sample surface during observation. A replacement rod for replacng the tip holder is mounted so as to be movable along the Z-axis.