Abstract: A compact objective lens is disclosed which is particularly suitable for infrared optical systems. The lens features a simple design with only two lens elements, namely a first lens element receiving incident radiation and having front and rear surfaces, and a second lens element receiving incident radiation from the first element and having front and rear surfaces. The lens forms an image of a scene on a focal plane. At least three of the four surfaces of the elements are aspheric surfaces. The lens has an f-number less than about 2, a field-of-view less than about 30 degrees, and an effective focal length less than about 6 inches. The elements are made from a material selected to pass radiation in the infrared band of the electromagnetic spectrum, e.g., germanium. The lens is suitable for use as an objective lens for a long-wave infrared sight for small arms, e.g., rifle or shoulder-launched surface to air missile launching system, i.e.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an image display method wherein an image display apparatus which includes a light source and an optical system is used, the optical system including, an optical modulation section, a Fourier transform image forming section, a Fourier transform image selection section, and a conjugate image forming section, the image forming method including, a step, carried out by the optical modulation section, of producing a two-dimensional image based on two-dimensional image data whose aberrations caused by the optical system are corrected.

Abstract: A telescopic tube includes an upper section tube and a lower section tube that are provided coaxially with each other. A plurality of connecting rods is provided between the upper and lower section tubes in parallel to the axis of the tube. Via the connecting rods, the upper section tube or the lower section tube can slide telescopically in the axial direction of the tube, thereby extending or retracting the tube.

Abstract: A display panel for a 3-dimensional display device is provided. The display panel includes a plurality of unit pixels arranged in a matrix form having a row and column with each unit pixel including a plurality of sub-pixels. Further, the plurality of unit pixels form each of a plurality of pixels alternately arranged with each other for a viewer's left eye and pixels for the viewer's right eye. In addition, at least one unit pixel has a different arrangement of sub-pixels than another unit pixel.

Abstract: A light-scattering film is provided and includes a transparent support having thereon at least a light-scattering layer. When substantially parallel light is incident on a surface of the film at an incident angle of 5°, the reflectance for an angle ? in the light-receiving part measured in a plane containing the film normal line and the incident direction is R(?), the value obtained by normalizing R(?) by the reflectance of regular reflection is Rrel(?), and the value calculated from the maximum variation |dRrel(?)/d?|max for the angle ? is a scattering coefficient A (formula 1), the reflection coefficient B (formula 2) calculated from the scattering coefficient A and the 5° specular reflectance Rs is from 2.0 to 5.0. Scattering coefficient A=1/(10×|dRrel(?)/d?|max)??(Formula 1) Reflection coefficient B=2.2×log 10(Rs)?7.5×log 10(A)+5.

Abstract: This invention generally relates to methods and systems for providing three-dimensional displays. In one embodiment, a system for displaying to a user a stereoscopic image has pixels formed on a single substrate, wherein each pixel has at least one interferometric modulator, and wherein the system is configured to display a first image to a first eye of the user and to display a second image to a second eye of the user. Directional display of the two portions of the stereoscopic image is implemented by fashioning two sets of interferometric modulators, one set inclined at a first angle with respect to the substrate, and the second set inclined at a second angle with respect to the substrate.

Abstract: Upon displaying a targeted stereoscopic image formed by a background image planar component and a spring-out image stereoscopic component, a stereoscopic display device controls and stereoscopically displays the spring-out image having a large parallax so that the amount of transmitted light of a light transmitting portion of a light control panel is T1. Thereafter, the amount of transmitted light of the light transmitting portion of the light control panel is switched from T1 to T2, where T2 is larger than T1. The background image having a small parallax is displayed.

Abstract: It is made possible to provide a stereoscopic image display apparatus capable of preventing the stereoscopic display characteristics from being degraded even if the locus of light rays between the lens and the two-dimensional display device becomes long. A stereoscopic image display apparatus includes: a plane display device having a display face formed of a plurality of pixels arranged in a matrix form; an optical plate comprising a plurality of lenses which are arranged in front of the display face of the plane display device and which have a uniaxial double refractive material inserted therein, and controlling light rays from the pixels; and a sheet polarizer provided between the plane display device and the optical plate to align a polarization direction of light ray. In the double refractive material, a maximum primary axis of refractive index is parallel to ridgelines of the lenses and is inclined in a direction opposed to a viewer.

Abstract: An ultra-broadband ultraviolet (UV) catadioptric imaging microscope system with wide-range zoom capability. The microscope system, which includes a catadioptric lens group and a zooming tube lens group, has high optical resolution in the deep UV wavelengths, continuously adjustable magnification, and a high numerical aperture. The system integrates microscope modules such as objectives, tube lenses and zoom optics to reduce the number of components, and to simplify the system manufacturing process. The preferred embodiment offers excellent image quality across a very broad deep ultraviolet spectral range, combined with an all-refractive zooming tube lens. The zooming tube lens is modified to compensate for higher-order chromatic aberrations that would normally limit performance.

Abstract: A method of modifying polarity of light is provided. The light propagates through a first transverse plane and has known polarization states in respective cells of the first transverse plane. A first retardation compensator having respective waveplates matching the cells then changes the polarity of the light so that light propagating through a second transverse plane is circularly polarized across the entire second transverse plane. A second retardation compensator includes a plurality of quarter waveplates that change the polarization of the circularly polarized light, so that light passing through a third transverse plane is linearly polarized. The crystal alignment of the quarter waveplates and their shape and configuration are selected so that the direction of the polarization is normal to a radius from a single point.

Abstract: An apparatus including a selection device and a multiple mode display device is disclosed. The multiple mode display device has a lens sheet including a plurality of individual lenticules forming a lenticular surface, an electro-optical modulator positioned adjacent the lens sheet, and a display device comprising a display surface. Alternatively, a multiple mode display arrangement is disclosed, having a lens sheet including a plurality of individual lenticules forming a lenticular surface and a display device comprising a display surface. The display device is positioned behind the lens sheet, thereby enabling viewing images transmitted in at least a planar mode and a stereoscopic mode.

Abstract: A far-optical device comprising a reversal system (1) and an adjustable optical magnification means with more than fourfold magnification, wherein the far-optical device has an optical beam deflection means (2) which at all magnifications ensures a subjective field of view of the far-optical device of at least 22° at least for light of a wavelength of about 550 nm.

Abstract: An autostereoscopic display apparatus includes multiple micro-display devices for exporting an 3-dimensional image. Each of the micro-display devices produces a portion image of the image. The portion image has multiple viewing-zone portion images with respect to multiple viewing zones. An image guiding unit has multiple micro-image output terminals, which are arranged according to an array sequence being set, so as to guide the output images from the micro-display devices. A stereo-image discrete screen is coupled with the image guiding unit, so that the image can transit the stereo-image discrete screen through multiple column transparent regions for producing multiple viewing-zone images of the image with respect to the different viewing zones. The image guiding unit can be, for example, an optical fiber array unit or an array-type light guiding unit.

Abstract: The use of one or more wavefront modulators in the observation beam path and/or illumination beam path of a microscope provide various advantageous results. Such modulators may be adapted to change the phase and/or the amplitude of light in such a way to carry out displacement and shaping of the focus in the object space and correction of possible aberrations. The possible areas of use include confocal microscopy, laser-assisted microscopy, conventional light microscopy and analytic microscopy.

Abstract: A microscope system includes a stand unit provided with a up/down drive unit for an objective lens, and a base unit provided with a up/down drive unit for a X-Y stage. When the stand unit and the base unit are fixed to each other, a displacement range of the objective lens drive unit along the up/down direction and a displacement range of the stage drive unit along the up/down direction are different from each other.

Abstract: A 3-D optical microscope, a method of turning a conventional optical microscope into a 3-D optical microscope, and a method of creating a 3-D image on an optical microscope are described. The 3-D optical microscope includes a processor, at least one objective lens, an optical sensor capable of acquiring an image of a sample, a mechanism for adjusting focus position of the sample relative to the objective lens, and a mechanism for illuminating the sample and for projecting a pattern onto and removing the pattern from the focal plane of the objective lens. The 3-D image creation method includes taking two sets of images, one with and another without the presence of the projected pattern, and using a software algorithm to analyze the two image sets to generating a 3-D image of the sample. The 3-D image creation method enables reliable and accurate 3-D imaging on almost any sample regardless of its image contrast.

Abstract: A reflective polarizer suitable for use in a display device is disclosed herein. The reflective polarizer comprises: a multilayer optical film comprising alternating layers of first and second polymeric layers that reflects light of a first polarization state and transmits light of a second polarization state, wherein for normally incident light of the second polarization state, the reflective polarizer has an internal percent transmission of at least 95% at 410 nm, and at most 25% at 380 nm. Also disclosed herein is a display device comprising the reflector polarizer.

Abstract: Devices and their operations to use multiple adjustable differential group delay (DGD) elements in various applications including tunable PMD emulators and compensators for producing different PMD profiles with an adjustable average DGD value.

Abstract: The invention provides a rigid endoscope relay optical system that can be fabricated at lower costs while its brightness is kept intact by reducing parts count. The rigid endoscope optical system has an elongate insert and is adapted to implement image transfer using relay lenses Re1 to Re7. The relay lenses Re1 to Re7 each have at least two rod lenses and satisfy nd>2, where nd stands for the refractive index on d-line basis of each rod lens in the relay lens.

Abstract: A optical instrument (e.g., coronagraph) is described herein that has a pick-off mirror with a surface having an array of reflective structures (reflective occulting mask) machined therein which enables an optical image of one or more low intensity objects (e.g., planets) to be obtained when the low intensity object(s) are located in close proximity to a high intensity object (e.g., sun). Also described herein, is a method for manufacturing the pick-off mirror which has a surface with an array of reflective structures (reflective occulting mask) that are machined therein.