Abstract: A cylinder liner assembly for an internal combustion engine is disclosed. The assembly includes a cylinder head, a cylinder block defining a top deck surface and a cylinder bore extending from the top deck surface, and a cylinder liner mounted in the cylinder bore. The cylinder liner includes a flanged end extending over the top deck surface of the cylinder block. A hardened annular deck plate is provided about the cylinder bore between the flanged end of the cylinder liner and the cylinder block to prevent cracking of the cylinder block when the flanged end is clamped between the cylinder head and the cylinder block. The hardened annular deck plate has a hardness in the range of about 25 to about 60 on a Rockwell "C" scale, and preferably about 50 on a Rockwell "C" scale.

Abstract: An apparatus and method is provided for a dual compression and dual expansion internal combustion engine (8) that is compact, efficient, and has low combustion noise and emissions. The subject engine (8) includes a low pressure piston assembly (56) reciprocally disposed in an operating chamber (22) defined in a housing (10). A pair of opposed high pressure piston assemblies (58) and (60) are directly mounted on a pair of geared together, counter rotating, crankshafts (52) and (54) and reciprocally disposed in bores (178) and (186) of the low pressure piston assembly (56). The disposition of the second and third piston assemblies (58) and (60) within their respective bores (178) and (186) defines a combustion chamber (254). An intake chamber (144) for compression of inducted air and an an exhaust chamber (146) for expansion of exhaust gas are defined in the operating chamber (22) between the low pressure piston assembly (56) and the housing (10).

Abstract: A fuel conditioning device for installation in a fuel supply line of an internal combustion engine comprises a housing having a cylindrical ferromagnetic wall defining a fuel flow path and, in the flow path, a tin alloy body and a magnet adjacent and downstream thereof. The tin body has fins extending perpendicularly from a central diametrical spine and the magnet is diametrically disposed along the housing and has poles on opposite sides which face the housing wall so that substantially all fuel flows between the faces of the magnet and the wall. Apertured distributor plates can be positioned across the flow path to induce turbulence in the fuel thereby improving washing over the alloy.

Abstract: In an engine having free floating reciprocating pistons each with a cam follower which bears on a tri-lobed cam, each cam follower is supported by a guide bearing running in a track which serves to transmit to the track lateral reactive force components generated between the cam and the cam follower.

Abstract: A microminiature Stirling cycle engine or cooler is formed utilizing semiconductor, planar processing techniques. Such a Stirling cycle thermomechanical transducer has silicon end plates and an intermediate regenerator. The end plates are formed with diaphragms and backspaces, one end plate forming the expansion end and the opposite end plate forming the compression end, with the regenerator bonded in between. A control circuit apparatus is linked to the diaphragms for controlling the amplitude, phase and frequency of their deflections. The control circuit apparatus is adapted to operate the transducer above 500 Hz and the passages and the workspace, including those within the regenerator, expansion space and compression space, are sufficiently narrow to provide a characteristic Wolmersley number, which is characteristic of the irreversibilities generated by the oscillating flow of the working fluid in the workspace, below substantially 5 at the operating frequency above 500 Hz.

Abstract: A spark ignition type reciprocating engine of a natural intake system with an ignition plug arranged to face a combustion chamber defined and delimited by a piston inserted into a cylinder so as to move in a reciprocating way, which has:a bore size of the cylinder ranging from approximately 45 mm to 67 mm;a volume of a single chamber of the cylinder ranging from approximately 110 cc to 340 cc;a ratio of a stroke of the piston to the bore size of the cylinder being larger than 1; anda compression ratio of the engine being 11 or larger.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine with variable compression which includes a cylinder receiving section which is tiltably mounted to a crankcase section (4) of the engine, and a crankshaft (12) which is mounted in the crankcase section via crankshaft bearings (90) arranged in the lower region of the crankcase section (4). The crankshaft bearings incorporate bearing caps (102) which constitute continuous stiffening transverse connecting elements between the lower later parts (103,106) of the crankcase section. These transversely connecting bearing caps rest at their outer ends (108, 110) against internal surface areas in the lower lateral parts (104, 106) of the crankcase section on both sides of the engine. The bearing caps (12) are secured in the crankcase section (40) not only by means of vertical crankshaft bearing screws (112, 114) but also by means of screwed joints (166, 118, 120) which connect the lower lateral parts to the outer ends (108, 110) of the bearing caps.

Abstract: A heating module for an internal combustion engine with external mixture formation and fuel injection and at least one intake port and one injection nozzle is disclosed. An electrically heatable heating element, which can be surrounded by flow on all sides, is arranged in the intake port, the heating element being capable of connection to an electrical power supply by means of terminals. The heating element is formed by a laminated composite part which has a trough-shaped cross section transverse to the direction of flow.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine with a supercharger with a piston arranged to be inserted into a cylinder so as to move in a reciprocating way, which has a bore size of the cylinder ranging from approximately 43 mm to 67 mm; a volume of a single chamber of the cylinder ranging from approximately 110 cc to 400 cc; a ratio of a stroke of the piston to the bore size of the cylinder being larger than 1; and a compression ratio of the engine being 9 or larger.

Abstract: An inlet for a rotary kiln comprises a plurality of arcuate segments supported adjacent the inlet opening of the kiln to form a trough protruding through the inlet opening. Each of the segments is hollow and has an opening through which a cooling medium may be introduced.

Abstract: For a static design of a cylinder head with optimum weight characteristics, it is proposed that the cylinder head bolt holes be disposed in a solid annular ring and, starting from that, a support element in the form of a cone-shaped shell be constructed towards the center of the cylinder head plate, the forces being directed in a straight line towards the center of the cylinder. A support ring forms the contact between the cylinder and the head.

Abstract: An oil separator for the gases of the crankcase ventilating system of an internal-combustion engine has a filter element through which the breathing gases flow and from which the separated oil is returned via an oil return into the oil tank 4. The blow-by gases, from which the oil was removed, are supplied to the air intake system of the internal-combustion engine. A vacuum generator is provided which generates a specified constant vacuum for the sucking-off of the blow-by gases. In addition, an air oil removal element that separates the oil has microfibers which are made of fiber glass material.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine having at least one volume adjustable cylinder which automatically adjusts its compression ratio during operation. The volume adjustable cylinder includes a movable head insert placed inside the insert space formed on the engine head directly over the piston. An adjustable lock nut is used to attach the head insert to the engine head and to initially set the position of the head insert in the insert space to establish the initial volume of the combustion chamber of the cylinder. An O-ring made of elastomeric material is disposed between the head insert and the inside surface of the engine head which resists movment of the head insert in the insert space. When the engine operates at higher RPMs, the compression pressure increases inside the cylinder which forces the head insert into the insert space to expand the volume of the combustion chamber which, in turn, reduces the combustion pressure of the cylinder.

Abstract: A two stroke engine having a variable inlet port timing device in conjunction with a piston port controlled timing apparatus for filling the top of transfer passages, that connect the crankcase chamber to the combustion chamber of the engine, with buffer gas such as exhaust gas or secondary air for the reduction of pollutants, improvement of performance, and delivery ratio of an internal combustion two-stroke engine and the like. Piston port controlled timing is provided by buffer air passages having a movable portion with inlet and outlet ports disposed through the piston. In another embodiment piston controlled selective exhaust gas recirculation is provided and a rotary valve in the exhaust gas recirculation passage is fitted to improve the performance of the engine. The pressure in the crankcase may be controlled by a rotary valve comprises a pair of rotary disc plates.

Abstract: An arrangement for controlling the temperature of the intake air of internal-combustion engines has an intake air filter in which a swivellable control valve is provided that interacts with a pneumatic actuator. The actuator causes an adjustment of the control valve by a bimetallic control device, as a function of the air temperature fed to the internal-combustion engine. A thermostat is provided which, by way of a movable stop, determines the swivel range of the control valve in the direction that closes off the warm-air duct. The thermostat is arranged in a receiving device. This receiving device is fastened in a cold-air duct by a welded connection.

Abstract: An apparatus moves, for example with a rotative motion, a member or a first group of members by moving another member or a second group of members with a reciprocating rectilineal motion by the interaction between magnets (1, 2) or groups of magnets (1.sup.i, 2.sup.i) fixed to the members or the group of members. If the reciprocating rectilineal motion is obtained by connecting one of the two groups of magnets to pistons of a two-stroke engine and to a mechanical energy-restoring system (8), a high-efficiency apparatus is realized, which is suitable for engine-traction, which does not need a crank-shaft, a lubricating system, a water cooling system, an alternator, or a torque converter, and which is automatically switched off when the vehicle is not in motion. The work-torque can be varied by varying the distance between the restoring system (8) and the supporting members (14) which are connected to the pistons (5).

Abstract: A groove in a direction of a crank shaft is provided in an inner surface of a top wall of a cup-shaped inner sleeve. The groove provides a stop for a semicylindrical slidable guide member that cooperates with a cylindrical concave portion of a cylindrical member to smoothly guide oscillation of a pair of arms at a small end portion of a connecting rod. Further, the slidable guide member allows relative sliding movement of the small end portion of the connecting rod in the direction of a crank shaft but inhibits relative rotation along the center axis of the piston.

Abstract: A method of sealing a high performance internal combustion engine with a head gasket having a fire ring comprising providing a groove in the head or block generally concentric with each said combustion opening, each groove having a land area and a generally vertical wall, and positioning the gasket on the block so that when the head is torqued down, each groove receives a fire ring and compresses the wire ring thereof to provide a primary seal therewith at the land area, the wall engages the armor of the fire ring to form a secondary seal, and the head and block clamping surfaces engages the armor to clamp the armor. The head gasket has a main body of a first thickness and defines a plurality of combustion openings. A fire ring is disposed and secured in each combustion opening, each fire ring comprising an armor ensheathing a wire ring for providing a combustion seal. The armor is of a second thickness substantially greater than the first thickness. The armor and main body may be intergrally formed.

Abstract: A fuel heating system which employs an improved heat exchanger for reducing particulate emissions in diesel or kerosene fuel powered internal combustion engines. The fuel heating system encompasses an internal combustion engine having a fuel line, a cooling system having a coolant line, and the novel heat exchanger of this invention. The heat exchanger has a container for holding heated coolant to provide a heat source for the fuel. A helical fuel tube extends the length of the container, with its inlet and outlet ports located in close proximity at the same end of the container. The coolant inlet and outlet ports are located on opposite ends of the container, with the coolant inlet port located on the same end of the container as the fuel ports. The coolant outlet port is located at a higher elevation than the coolant inlet port to prevent air lock.

Abstract: A two-stroke internal combustion engine comprising an engine block, a plurality of crankcases and including a mounting surface having therein a plurality of inlet openings each communicating with a respective one of the crankcases, a throttle housing defining a throttle passage and including a plenum mounting surface, a throttle valve in the throttle passage, and a plenum member which is separable from both the engine block and the throttle housing and which defines a plurality of intake passages each having an outlet end communicating with a respective one of the inlet openings and each having an inlet end communicating with the throttle passage such that the intake of the engine can be tuned solely by modifying the configuration of the plenum member.