Abstract: A method for activating the anode, cathode, and polymeric matrix components of an electrochemical cell is provided. Subsequent to forming the electrochemical cell precursor a quantity of activation fluid comprising electrolyte solvent and an inorganic salt is added into the electrochemical cell precursor at a rate such that substantially all of the activation fluid is incorporated into the electrochemical cell precursor. The method produces electrochemical cells having consistent amounts of solvent and salts therein.

Abstract: A non-aqueous liquid electrolyte secondary cell, in which Li.sub.x MO.sub.2, where M is at least one transition metal, preferably at least one of Co and Ni , with 0.05.ltoreq.X.ltoreq.1.10, and in which charging and discharging is carried out by doping and release of lithium, is disclosed. The non-aqueous liquid electrolyte secondary cell has a current breaking device operated responsive to rise in the internal pressure in the cell. The current breaking device is adapted to be actuated positively by adding lithium carbonate to the active material of the positive electrode and providing the active material with surface portion covered with lithium carbonate. Preferably, the amount of addition and the specific surface area of lithium carbonate are 0.5 to 15 wt % and not less than 0.1 m.sup.2 /g, respectively.

Abstract: This invention relates to method and apparatus for compressing an assembly of plates inside a valve regulated lead-acid battery thereby allowing the battery case to expand without causing slippage or partial loss of contact between the battery plates.

Abstract: A battery plate for lead acid storage batteries using a grid prepared by expanding a lead-calcium-tin (Pb--Ca--Sn) alloy sheet, is made by expanding a Pb--Ca--Sn alloy sheet having a tensile strength of 6.0 kg/mm.sup.2 or lower and an Sn content of 0.6-1.8% by weight to make a grid,filling this grid with an active material paste, and then aging the grid to increase the tensile strength of the expanded grid to 7.0 kg/mm.sup.2 or higher. The workability in expanding of the Pb--Ca--Sn alloy sheet can be improved and furthermore, concentration of stress strain on the nodes of the grid can be inhibited and thus, corrosion of the nodes can be inhibited. The aging can provide a battery pate having a high tensile strength and a lead acid storage battery having an excellent charge-discharge cycle life characteristics.

Abstract: A battery encased with a label containing an integral test circuit device that is activated by depressing a selected area of the label whereupon a thermally sensitive material displays whether the battery has capacity. A method for producing the test circuit device is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to rechargeable batteries which include cell casing components enclosing positive and negative plates, separator material and acid electrolyte. The battery includes a plurality of support members extending from one or the other of the casing components, or from both casing components, the support members passing through the plates to permit uniform compression of the internal components. In its preferred embodiment, the battery includes one or more intermediate cell partitions which permit stacking of individual cells to increase voltage. The partition continues the utilization of the support members. In another disclosed embodiment, the electrode plates contained within any particular cell are punched to permit the support members to pass therethrough, with hole sizing selected so that a small hole will remain at each support location, while also insuring that for each support member, only one of the positive and negative plates will touch it, but not both.

Abstract: In a preferred method, an electrode for a lead-acid battery is prepared in a new continuous process without the conventional curing step. The general procedure for preparing electrodes includes preparing a mixture (paste) comprising an active material precursor and an inhibitor. The active material precursor includes lead oxides having at least 10% by weight lead oxide in the form of Pb.sub.3 O.sub.4 (red lead), and a BET surface area of at least about 0.8 m.sup.2 /gram; desirably about 1.00 to 1.50 m.sup.2 /gram and preferably about 1.0 to 1.25 m.sup.2 /gram. The inhibitor prevents formation of tribasic lead sulfate and tetrabasic lead sulfate from the precursor material, except at elevated temperature. The paste is applied to electrode grids and reacted at elevated temperatures for between about 5 and about 30 minutes, to form the active material of the electrode for both positive and negative electrodes. Plates are then assembled into batteries and charged.

Abstract: There is provided a primary cell having an anode material, an electrolyte material and a cathode material, wherein the cathode material, in the pre-discharge condition thereof, is Na.sub.3 PMoW.sub.11 O.sub.40. In one aspect, the invention comprises a thermal cell having a lithium metal or lithium alloy anode, an electrolyte material comprising at least one lithium salt and the aforementioned cathode material. In another aspect, the invention comprises an improved conventional room or ambient temperature cell having a lithium anode, a nonaqueous electrolyte and the aforementioned cathode material.

Abstract: The reaction product of certain epoxy resins and secondary amines improve the low-temperature properties of distillate fuels.

Abstract: An oil soluble dispersant comprising the reaction products of:(1) oil soluble salts, amides, imides, oxazolines, esters, or mixtures thereof of long chain hydrocarbyl substituted mono- and dicarboxylic acids or their anhydrides; (ii) long chain hydrocarbon having a polyamine attached directly thereto; (iii) Mannich condensation product formed by condensing a long chain hydrocarbyl substituted hydroxy aromatic compound with an aldehyde and a polyalkylene polyamine; and (iv) Mannich condensation product formed by reacting long chain hydrocarbyl substituted mono or dicarboxylic acids or their anhydrides with an aminophenol, which may be optionally hydrocarbyl substituted, to form a long chain hydrocarbyl substituted amide or imide-containing phenol intermediate adduct, and condensing said long chain hydrocarbyl substituted amide or imide-containing phenol adduct with aldehyde and polyamine; said adduct containing at least one reactive group selected from reactive amino groups and reactive hydroxyl groups; and(2)