Abstract: A system for reducing higher order nonlinearities in the linearized output of a dimension gauging probe in which the dimension gauging probe provides an output varying inversely with the physical dimension gauged which is in turn linearized to a signal varying proportionally with the physical dimension. Higher order nonlinearities, an error condition, which deviate the correspondence between the gauged dimension and the output from a linear or straight-line function, are reduced by feedback of the linearized output to the probe and, preferably, by feedforward of a portion of the probe output signal to the linearized signal.

Abstract: An electronic apparatus and method for detecting a quantity of a predetermined substance disposed in a fluid medium. The apparatus includes a probe for contacting the fluid medium and for sensing an electrical condition, such as solution resistance, of the fluid medium caused at least in part by the substance to be detected. There is also included electronic control devices connected to the probe means for generating a signal which is proportional to the quantity of the substance to be detected. The signal is fed to some utilization means, such as a meter, for indicating the amount of substance in solution.

Abstract: Continuous high-frequency waves and pulse-like high-frequency waves of the same frequency are selectively applied to a specimen placed in a unidirectional magnetic field, whereby resonance signals and free induction decay signals are selectively produced by the specimen. These signals are detected, and the detected free induction decay signals are Fourier-transformed, so that the continuous wave nuclear gyromagnetic resonance and the Fourier-transformed nuclear gyromagnetic resonance can be selectively measured.

Abstract: Disclosure is made of a magnetic field gradient measuring device comprising two sensors arranged at points of a magnetic field which are to be investigated, and connected with their outputs to inputs of a phase detector. Each of the two sensors comprises an absorption cell filled with atoms of a working matter. Arranged at the input of said absorption cell is a light source intended for optical pumping of atoms of the working matter. At the output of said absorption cell there is arranged a photocell intended to register the beam of light passing through the cell. The cell itself is located inside a radio frequency coil energized with current of a variable frequency close to the magnetic transition resonance frequency of atoms of the working matter, which is determined by the magnetic field intensity at the sensor location. The coils are energized by a means common for both sensors.

Abstract: An apparatus useful in a system for analyzing an input waveform for generating precisely-timed strobe sampling pulses. In response to detection of the waveform leading edge, a timing source operating at a very high frequency initiates a series of strobe pulses which occur at a considerably lower frequency. The strobe pulses are then used to successively sample the waveform. Depending upon the time duration of the input waveform, the waveform can be sampled at different effective rates by utilizing the same series of strobe pulses and disregarding selected samples.

Abstract: A device for investigating surface phenomena by field emission contains an emission point in an evacuatable enclosure facing a fluorescent screen. The point is desorbed by a first pulse which produces sufficient heating of the point to attain substantially complete desorption and field emission or field desorption is produced by a second pulse spaced a controllable time after the desorption pulse. Repetitive measurements are possible by producing a train of the first and second pulses during which parameters can be varied and the results observed. Methods are disclosed for determining the temperature of the point from the measured field emission both by relating field emission to temperature and by relating temperature to desorption.

Abstract: The principle of measurement is based on the microwave absorption by the water content of a sample. The sample is located in a closed single-reflection measurement cell which is fed by a microwave oscillator which is frequency-modulated within the absorbing frequency range of the sample. The sample partially or completely fills the end section of a circular or rectangular waveguide forming the measurement cell. The waveguide is sealed off with a short circuit plate so that two planar travelling waves with a homogeneous field distribution are present in the measurement cell.

Abstract: The open circuit voltage of a battery which is connected in a closed circuit is determined without breaking the circuit or causing voltage upsets therein. The closed circuit voltage across the battery and the current flowing through it are determined under normal load and then a fractional change is made in the load and the new current and voltage values determined. The open circuit voltage is then calculated, according to known principles, from the two sets of values.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining the condition or freshness of an electric battery. The battery is discharged with a load current having an amplitude increasing linearly with time. The battery voltage is measured as the battery is discharged and the amplitude of the load current is measured when the battery voltage decreases to a predetermined value. The measured amplitude of the load current is representative of the battery condition or freshness.

Abstract: Apparatus for rapidly testing rechargeable electrochemical cells following assembly which enables the testing of cells to be carried out in a substantially uncharged condition, such apparatus including an automatically actuated probe for applying to and receiving electrical signals at the terminals of the cells as they progress on the assembly line. When extended, a central electrode on the probe engages the central cell terminal and a pair of self-aligning resiliently biased pivotal arms positively engages the rim of the cell casing, which constitutes the other cell electrode, thus establishing reliable electrical contact even in the presence of residue or other manufacturing debris on the cell.

Abstract: The measuring arrangement consists of a frequency-modulated microwave oscillator which supplies a closed resonator charged with the sample in a transmission circuit. The change in the quality factor induced by the water content of the sample is used as the unknown. The sample is located in the substantially homogeneous range of the electrical field maximum of a stationary wave in a cylindrical single mode cavity resonator of the E.sub.010 mode, the diameter of the sample being not more than 25% of the internall diameter of the resonator and the length of the sample being not more than 50% of the height of the resonator.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for measuring the position of regulating rods in a nuclear reactor through the measure of a voltage appearing across the terminals of an induction coil fed by a constant current AC supply, each regulating rod being interlocked with a control rod able to move along the longitudinal axis of said coil. The regulating rods are grouped into a plurality of groups in such a way that the said regulating rods are randomly distributed throughout the reactor so that no two regulating rods in the same group are located close to one another. The thus formed groups of regulating rods are energized in sequence, and the voltage appearing across the terminals of the coils of each group is measured during a time interval corresponding to the feeding time interval of that group. The voltage is then memorized for a time interval corresponding to the non-feeding time period of the group.

Abstract: A combination process sensor for use in electrically non-conducting lined steel vessels has a tantalum body containing a temperature sensitive element. One end of the body is positioned to be in contact with a product undergoing a process in the tank. Upon this end of the body there is fabricated an electrode, which allows the galvanic sensing of any faults which may occur in the glass lining.

Abstract: A lightning detection system utilizes a gated magnetic direction finder for determining the range and direction of lightning discharges to ground. The magnetic direction finder is controlled by an electric field detector that includes logic circuitry for analyzing the waveforms of the detected electric field to determine whether the discharge is a ground stroke or other type of discharge, or background noise. The magnetic direction finder is gated by the electric field control logic circuitry so that a direction measurement may be made for a few microseconds after it has been determined from the electric field waveform analysis that a ground stroke has occurred. Different criteria are used for determining whether or not a stroke is a ground stroke depending on whether the stroke being analyzed is the first stroke in a flash or a subsequent stroke.

Abstract: A detector for sensing defective cells among a plurality of voltage producing cells which together form a source of DC electrical power. A series of light emitting diodes are coupled to the positive and negative junctions of each voltage producing cell so that they are biased to a nonconducting state so long as the cell has a positive output voltage. In the event that a cell becomes defective causing its voltage output to drop, the voltage produced by the remaining cells create a load current by which the defective cell goes negative and forward biases the corresponding light emitting diode. In turn, the light emitting diode changes to its conducting state whereupon it emits light and identifies the defective cell.

Abstract: An electromagnetic device is disclosed for use in a polygraph instrument for moving a recording pen in response to sensed electric current. The device includes a movable magnet that is rotated by a magnetic field produced by the sensed current flowing through the coil of an electromagnet. Null magnets are releasably held at selected positions and in a particular arrangement relative to the movable magnet and have their respective magnetic field strengths and positions such that they automatically return the movable magnet to a null position when the current being sensed is removed from the coil.

Abstract: A circuit for measuring the PH of fluids includes a coaxial symmetrical probe having a PH probe surrounded by a reference probe; the conductor on which the PH signal passes from the probe to the control panel is within a shield to which is applied the PH voltage; and the differential amplifiers which receive and process the PH and reference signals are mounted on a conductive surface to which is applied the PH voltage.

Abstract: An improved probe assembly for monitoring liquids is provided which includes an electrode housing having an internal receiving chamber, sealing packing means disposed in the chamber and a generally cylindrical electrode enclosed within a flexible, tube-like insulation sheath, which electrode and sheath extend through the receiving chamber and the sealing packing means. The electrode has at least one circumferentially-extending, radially-offset surface disposed opposite the sealing packing means defining an edge against which the sheath is compressed by the packing means so as to effect sealing engagement between the electrode and the sheath.

Abstract: A testing apparatus for testing an assembly containing multiple circuits such as, for example, a control circuit for an electrically driven vehicle. The testing apparatus comprises a displaying panel member which includes a drawing illustrating a circuit assembly to be tested, an indicating element member having at least one indicating lamp which is positioned at the corresponding position of the drawing, an actuating circuit member for actuating the indicating member and a connecting member which includes a connector for electrically connecting the actuating circuit member to the assembly to be tested.

Abstract: Apparatus for automatically testing automotive-type, lead acid storage batteries are disclosed in which three separate tests are made and the results thereof compared to predetermined standards in a specified order to maximize the information obtained about the battery. The three tests measure (1) whether the battery meets its cold cranking rating by drawing a predetermined load current therefrom for a predetermined period of time and determining whether the battery terminal voltage is above a specified level at the end of that period, (2) whether the battery terminal voltage is above another specified level at the end of a predetermined period of time following the completion of the first test, and (3) whether the internal resistance is acceptably low. If the battery passes the first test, it is known to be acceptable. If the battery fails the first test and passes the second test, it is known to be unacceptable. If the battery fails the first and second tests, the third test is performed.