Abstract: An electrodeless gas discharge lamp includes a light-transmissive envelope having opposite ends and a midsection about which an induction coil is disposed. The envelope and coil are mounted transversely on a base with the ends of the envelope exposed such that light emitted from the envelope is transmitted through both ends of the envelope substantially unobstructed by either the base or coil to generate a high total light output of the assembly.

Abstract: An inner surface of an effective portion (10) of a substantially rectangular panel is formed to be a curved surface which satisfies relationships of RyP1<PyP0, RyP1<RyPH, RyP1<½·RyP2 and RyP2<3·RyP1, where RyP0 is a radius of curvature of the inner surface in a short axis direction thereof at the center of the effective portion (10), RyPH is a radius of curvature of the inner surface in the short axis direction at an end of a long axis of the effective portion (10), RyP1 is a radius of curvature of the inner surface in the short axis direction at a position within a range of {fraction (7/16)}·WPH to ¼·WPH from the center of the effective portion in the long axis direction, wherein WMH is a width of the effective surface in a long axis direction thereof, and RyP2 is a radius of curvature of the inner surface in the short axis direction at an end of the effective portion on a line parallel to the short axis passing through the position on the long axis withi

Abstract: There is provided a cold cathode fluorescent lamp including a transparent tube including first and second light-emitting areas defined by partitioning an inner space of the transparent tube, a first terminal electrode positioned in the first light-emitting area and at a longitudinal end of the first light-emitting area located closer to an end of the tube, a second terminal electrode positioned in the second light-emitting area and at a longitudinal end of the second light-emitting area located closer to the other end of the tube, a first intermediate electrode positioned in the first light-emitting area and at the other longitudinal end of the first light-emitting area, a second intermediate electrode positioned in the second light-emitting area and at the other longitudinal end of the second light-emitting area, a first lead-in wire connected to the first terminal electrode through the longitudinal end of the first light-emitting area, a second lead-in wire connected to the second terminal electrode through

Abstract: A long-life, environmentally disposable high pressure sodium lamp comprising: an arc tube capable of withstanding internal wall temperatures of 1250 to 1300° C. and having electrodes sealed therein and being designed for operation at a given wattage; a discharge space within the arc tube and an arc generating and sustaining medium within the discharge space, the medium being mercury-free and containing sodium in an amount of about 0.02 mg to 0.06 mg/watt of designed operation, and xenon at a pressure of 100 to 200 Torr; mounting means supporting the arc tube within a glass outer envelope, the glass outer envelope being lead-free and arsenic-free; and an electrically conductive base closing the outer envelope and containing lead-in wires affixed to the electrodes, the lead-in wires being attached to the base by welding.

Abstract: The invention relates to a miniature incandescent lamp which is provided for mounting on a printed circuit board. According to the invention, the base contacts (7) have a plane contact surface (7a) for soldering onto a printed circuit board, a section (7b, 7c, 7d) which is constructed like tongs and serves to anchor the base contact (7) in the lamp base, and a hookshaped section (7e) into which one end of a supply lead (5) guided out of the lamp bulb (1) is inserted, and to which said supply lead (5) is welded.

Abstract: A gas discharge display device comprising a front side substrate having a plurality of first electrodes and a back side substrate having a plurality of second electrodes, wherein at least said first electrodes or second electrodes are formed by wet etching using a resist made of an inorganic material, is excellent in the ability to suppress the breakage of wiring in electrodes.

Abstract: An in-line type color Braun tube having a fluorescent screen and a shield cup at an end of an electron gun, the shield cup including a cylindrical side wall and a bottom having a center electron beam passing hole and two side electron beam passing holes aligned in a horizontal direction. A convergence correcting member including a base and a pair of horizontal plates, the base and horizontal plates being a one piece member, and a bottom member of the base being cross-shaped and including two side electron beam passing holes and a center electron beam passing hole. A pair of horizontal plates sandwiches an electron beam passing through each of the side electron beam passing holes, in a direction vertical to the electron beam.

Abstract: A cathode ray tube including an electron gun including a cathode and a plurality of electrodes and for generating an electron beam, a phosphor screen and an electron beam deflection device. The cathode ray tube includes a deflection-defocusing correcting member having laminated nonmagnetic and magnetic materials disposed in a deflection magnetic field produced by the electron beam deflection device for establishing at least one non-uniform magnetic field. The magnetic materials are disposed at positions with respect to a path of the electron beam where a magnetic flux density of said deflection magnetic field is more than five per cent of a maximum magnetic flux density of the deflection magnetic field.

Abstract: A method for modifying the surface properties such as work function of semiconducting and conducting layers by plasma treatment. Also disclosed are electrical devices such as organic light emitting devices of enhanced performance owing to the use of plasma treatment-modified semiconducting or conducting layers.

Abstract: A micropoint type cold cathode comprises a substrate including an array of micropoints and a plate disposed parallel to the substrate carrying the points. The plate includes a hole facing each point and thereby constitutes a grid. An insulator fills the space between the substrate and the grid except at the location of the points. The nominal distance between the summit of a point and the face of the grid farthest from the substrate is zero, the nominal radius of curvature at the summit of each point is 25 nm and the nominal radius of the holes in the grid is 1.3 &mgr;m.

Abstract: Provided with an electrode of a color plasma display panel including a plurality of sustain discharge electrodes forming pairs of electrodes for causing a mutual discharge on the one of two substrates being bonded together and spaced form each other at a predetermined distance, in which each of the sustain discharge electrodes is composed of transparent electrodes adjacent to each other; and metal electrodes formed on the outer side of and spaced at a predetermined distance from the transparent electrodes, the metal electrodes partly being in contact with the transparent electrodes.

Abstract: A field emitter device including an insulator structure provided on an upper gate line layer of the device. The insulator structure may surround groups of emitters arranged on adjacent gate lines, groups of emitters arranged on the same gate lines, and/or entire regions of a larger array of field emitters. The insulator structure may reduce the occurrence of flashovers to and from the gate lines and emitters when the field emitter device is used in a display. The insulator structure may also enhance the focus of electrons emitted by the field emitter device on the display screen. Focus may be further enhanced by the addition of a resistive coating on the insulator structure. Methods of making the insulator structure and resistive coating are also disclosed.

Abstract: An impregnated cathode and a method of manufacturing the same are provided for suppressing emission of unwanted electrons and particles generated from an excess electron emitting substance so as to achieve a steady electron emission characteristic. The impregnated cathode is placed directly beneath an electron emission hole of a first grid. The impregnated cathode is made up of a first sintered porous element whose surface functions as an electron emitting region and a second sintered porous element whose surface is a peripheral region other than the electron emitting region. The porosity of the first sintered porous element is greater than that of the second sintered porous element. Not only the first sintered porous element having the electron emitting region but also the second sintered porous element corresponding to the region around the electron emitting region is impregnated with the electron emitting substance.

Abstract: An electric field emission display (FED) and a method for manufacturing a spacer thereof are provided. The FED includes a spacer having a structure in which a multi-focusing electrode layer, an electron beam amplifying layer and a getter layer are stacked between an anode and a cathode, or a spacer having a structure in which a first electrode layer, a first insulating layer, a second electrode layer, a second insulating layer, a third electrode layer, a third insulating layer and a fourth electrode layer are sequentially stacked. Thus, electron beams can be easily focused by the multi-focusing electrode of the spacer, and high luminance can be realized at low current due to electron beam amplification of the electron amplifying apparatus. Also, the diamond tip is used as an electron emission means, to thereby obtain a low driving voltage, stability at a high temperature, and high thermal conductivity.

Abstract: In an indirectly heated cathode comprising a heater having an alumina electrical insulating layer formed by layering and sintering alumina particles on a surface of a metal wire and an electron-emitting part that receives heat from the heater and emits thermoelectrons, and a cathode-ray tube comprising the indirectly heated cathode, the alumina particles contained in the alumina electrical insulating layer have a purity of at least 99.7 wt % and the alumina particles used for forming the alumina electrical insulating layer have a Na content of 20 ppm or less or a Si content of 100 ppm or less, thus enabling stable production, avoiding the occurrence of cracks in the alumina electrical insulating layer and heater deformation even in the practical operation of the cathode-ray tube, and lengthening the life of the heater.

Abstract: This invention relates to dimmable metal halide lamps using ceramic arc tubes for the application of energy saving, mood control, and constant light output over the life of the lamp. Under dimmed conditions, as low as 50% of rated wattage, the color temperature (CCT) can remain substantially the same and be perceived by the viewer as a constant color light source. Furthermore, the invention improves the color rendering index (CRI) and the efficacy of the lamp under dimmed operation. Such improvements are provided by placing a metal shield on an end of the arc tube, whereby the emissivity of the shield is lower than the emissivity of the ceramic in the arc tube, whereby cold spot temperature in the lamp is increased, even under dimmed conditions.

Abstract: This invention provides a photocatalytic membrane and a lamp and lighting fixture using such a membrane. The membrane is formed using an ultra fine particle dispersed liquid coating method providing improved adhesion of the membrane to a base body and provides a photocatalyzer that has a satisfactory light transmission factor and a lamp and a lighting fixture using it. The membrane is made of mainly ultra fine particles of titanium oxide, which enter into the uneven surface portions of a ground layer and are closely fitted thereto via the ground layer made of a metallic oxide with an uneven surface formed on the surface is formed on the base body. When the ground layer is made of metallic oxide and porous, the uneven surface is formed on the surface of the ground layer. Concave portions of the ground layer may be penetrated to the surface of the base body or a metallic oxide structural layer provided with a lot of penetrating holes may be formed on the surface of a photocatalytic membrane.

Abstract: In a field emission display device, a spacer assembly and a method for forming a spacer assembly. In one embodiment, the present invention is comprised of a spacer wall which has a specific secondary electron emission coefficient function associated therewith. In the present embodiment, a coating material is then applied to at least a portion of the spacer wall. In this embodiment, the coating material has a secondary electron emission coefficient function which is different than the secondary electron emission coefficient function of the spacer wall. In so doing, the present embodiment provides a spacer assembly having a plurality of secondary electron emission coefficient functions associated therewith.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is disclosed for electrostatic deflection and focusing of a charged particle stream. The apparatus can include plural vertical and horizontal deflection plates, although a single vertical and a single horizontal deflection plate each with a reference potential plane are preferred. Both orthogonal and preferably tilted display screens are employed to receive the deflected beam. The particle stream is injected offset from a centered position and the stream is deflected asymmetrically relative to the attracting deflection plate. Two alternately preferred computer programs are employable to calculate an offset position. A preferred external quadrupole is employed to correct any residual astigmatism in the particle stream. In one embodiment, the apparatus is disposed in a cathode ray tube. A reduced footprint CRT is also disclosed. Methods and apparatuses for an energy filtered electron beam, a mass spectrometer and a mass separator are also disclosed.

Abstract: A field emission device having bundles of aligned parallel carbon nanotubes on a substrate. The carbon nanotubes are oriented perpendicular to the substrate. The carbon nanotube bundles may be up to 300 microns tall, for example. The bundles of carbon nanotubes extend only from regions of the substrate patterned with a catalyst material. Preferably, the catalyst material is iron oxide. The substrate is preferably porous silicon, as this produces the highest quality, most well-aligned nanotubes. Smooth, nonporous silicon or quartz can also be used as the substrate. The method of the invention starts with forming a porous layer on a silicon substrate by electrochemical etching. Then, a thin layer of iron is deposited on the porous layer in patterned regions. The iron is then oxidized into iron oxide, and then the substrate is exposed to ethylene gas at elevated temperature. The iron oxide catalyzes the formation of bundles of aligned parallel carbon nanotubes which grow perpendicular to the substrate surface.