Abstract: An X-ray scattering apparatus having a sample holder for aligning and/or orienting a sample to be analyzed by X-ray scattering, a first X-ray beam delivery system having a first X-ray source, and a first monochromator being arranged upstream of the sample holder for generating and directing a first X-ray beam along a beam path in a propagation direction towards the sample holder is disclosed. A distal X-ray detector arranged downstream of the sample holder and being movable, in particular in a motorized way, along the propagation direction as to detect the first X-ray beam and X-rays scattered at different scattering angles from the sample as the first X-ray beam delivery system is configured to focus the first X-ray beam onto a focal spot on or near the distal X-ray detector when placed at its largest distance from the sample holder is also disclosed.

Abstract: A single-crystal X-ray structure analysis apparatus capable of surely and easily performing operations of removing/attaching a sample soaked in a crystalline sponge from/to the apparatus, and a sample holder attaching device thereof, are provided. There are provided a sample holder attaching device comprising a sample holder attaching mechanism 600 that attaches the sample holder 250 to a goniometer 12 in the single-crystal X-ray structure analysis apparatus in a state where the sample holder 250 is removed from the applicator 300; wherein the sample holder 250 comprises a porous complex crystal capable of soaking the sample in a plurality of fine pores formed therein, and the porous complex crystal is fixed at a position of the sample holder 250 to which X-rays are irradiated from an X-ray irradiation section, in a state where the sample holder 250 is attached to the goniometer 12.

Abstract: A radiation detection device includes a plurality of field effect transistors (FETs) arranged to form a resonant cavity. The cavity includes a first end and a second end. The plurality of FETs provide an electromagnetic field defining an standing wave oscillating at a resonant frequency defined by a characteristic of the cavity. A radiation input passing through the cavity induces a perturbation of the electromagnetic field.

Abstract: Sub-diffraction limited fluorescent images using a fiber-based stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscope are reported. Both excitation and depletion beams are transported through polarization-maintaining fiber and a lateral resolution of 100 nm has been achieved.

Abstract: A system and method for generating reports on perfusion blood volume from computed tomography (CT) data acquired from a subject. The method includes receiving multi-faceted CT data acquired from the subject using one of a multi-energy or polychromatic CT acquisition and deriving an iodine concentration in an artery feeding a volume of interest (VOI) in the multi-faceted CT data. The method further includes determining an effective atomic number of a spatial distribution in the VOL calculating a perfused blood volume of the VOI using the iodine concentration and the effective atomic number, and generating a report of the perfused blood volume of the VOI.

Abstract: The present application relates to a detection structure for fast neutrons and a method for acquiring a neutron energy spectrum, the detection structure for fast neutrons comprises seven semiconductor detection units and a conversion layer made of a hydrogen-containing material, the seven semiconductor detection units comprise a first, a second, a third, a fourth, a fifth, a sixth and a seventh semiconductor detection unit arranged sequentially, the first, the fourth and the seventh semiconductor detection unit constitute an anticoincidence detection group, the second and the third semiconductor detection unit constitute a neutral particle background detection group, the fifth and the sixth semiconductor detection unit constitute a recoil proton detection group, the conversion layer is disposed between the fourth and the fifth semiconductor detection unit, incident neutrons collision with hydrogen atomic nuclei and generate the recoil protons.

Abstract: A method for making natural gamma ray measurements of a subterranean formation includes causing a natural gamma ray sensor on an LWD tool to acquire a spectral gamma ray measurement while a neutron source emits neutrons. The measurements are evaluated to compute first and second drilling fluid activation corrections using corresponding first and second correction methodologies. The first and second corrections are processed to compute a third drilling fluid activation correction which is applied to the gamma ray measurements to compute a corrected total natural gamma ray measurement.

Abstract: To improve accuracy of distance measurement using a Z pixel having the same size as size of a visible light pixel. In a solid-state imaging apparatus, a visible light converting block includes a plurality of visible light converting units in which light receiving faces for receiving visible light are disposed and configured to generate electric charges in accordance with a light receiving amount of the received visible light, and a visible light electric charge holding unit configured to exclusively hold the electric charges respectively generated by the plurality of visible light converting units in periods different from each other.

Abstract: Disclosed is a wavefront sensor for measuring a tilt of a wavefront at an array of locations across a beam of radiation, wherein said wavefront sensor comprises a film, for example of Zirconium, having an indent array comprising an indent at each of said array of locations, such that each indent of the indent array is operable to perform focusing of said radiation. Also disclosed is a radiation source and inspection apparatus comprising such a wavefront sensor.

Abstract: A flexible and/or deformable mechanical element may comprise one or more radiographic markers. The one or more radiographic markers may have a radiopacity greater than a radiopacity of a parent material forming a body of the mechanical element. A radiographic image of a portion of an assembly into which the mechanical element has been installed may include a representation of the one or more radiographic markers that indicates a condition of the mechanical element.

Abstract: Provided is an X-ray analysis apparatus including: a goniometer; a sample stage provided at a rotation center of the goniometer; an X-ray source configured to irradiate a sample with an X-ray, the sample being fixed on the sample stage; an X-ray detector configured to detect the X-ray diffracted by the sample; and an opening/closing mechanism configured to vary a width of a slit, which is formed between a pair of shielding members, by opening/closing the pair of shielding members, the opening/closing mechanism including an asymmetric control unit configured to control aperture widths of the pair of shielding members asymmetrically for one of the pair of shielding members on one side and another one of the pair of shielding members on another side depending on a rotation angle of the goniometer.

Abstract: An X-ray analyzer has a configuration including an X-ray source, an X-ray detector configured to detect an X-ray irradiated from the X-ray source, a rotary stage (stage) disposed between the X-ray source and the X-ray detector, and configured to hold an imaging target, and a light irradiation mechanism configured to irradiate light coaxially with an X-ray optical axis of the X-ray irradiated from the X-ray source to project a shadow of the imaging target onto a position of the X-ray detector.

Abstract: A single-crystal X-ray structure analysis apparatus capable of surely and easily performing a single-crystal X-ray structure analysis using a crystalline sponge, and an analysis method and a sample holder unit thereof are provided. There are provided a sample holder that holds a sample; a goniometer that rotationally moves, the sample holder 250 being attached to the goniometer; an X-ray irradiation section that irradiates the X-rays from the X-ray source to the sample held by the sample holder 250 attached to the goniometer, wherein the sample holder 250 comprises a porous complex crystal capable of soaking the sample in a plurality of fine pores formed therein, and the applicator comprises a space for soaking the sample in the porous complex crystal of the sample holder 250.

Abstract: An exemplary focused tomography system comprises an x-ray transmitter that is configured to emit a radiation beam and an x-ray detector that is configured to detect incident radiation from the radiation beam. The system further includes an adaptive collimator device arranged between the x-ray transmitter and the x-ray detector and a controller device connected to the x-ray transmitter that is configured to cause the x-ray transmitter to emit the radiation beam at a first radiation dosage level when a path of the radiation beam intersects a region of interest of the subject and cause the x-ray transmitter to emit the radiation beam at a second radiation dosage level when the path of the radiation beam does not intersect the region of interest of the subject, such that the second radiation dosage level is less than the first radiation dosage level. Data within the region of interest can be reconstructed with image quality equivalent to traditional computed tomography scans.

Abstract: An X-ray scattering apparatus having a sample holder for aligning and/or orienting a sample to be analyzed by X-ray scattering, a first X-ray beam delivery system having a first X-ray source and a first monochromator being arranged upstream of the sample holder for generating and directing a first X-ray beam along a beam path, a distal X-ray detector arranged downstream of the sample holder and being movable, in a motorized way, is disclosed. The first X-ray beam delivery system is configured to focus the first X-ray beam onto a focal spot near the distal X-ray detector when placed at its largest distance from the sample holder or produce a parallel beam so that the X-ray scattering apparatus has a second X-ray beam delivery system having a second X-ray source and being configured to generate and direct a divergent second X-ray beam towards the sample holder for X-ray imaging.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a test sample receiving block and a microbial detection apparatus using the same. The test sample receiving block may include a sample receiving block having a sample groove portion formed therein, the sample groove portion containing the sample so that a light emission module emits light to the sample and a sensor module can detect a speckle generated when the emitted light is scattered by motion of bacteria or microbes contained in the sample, wherein the sample receiving block is surface-treated to increase an optical path of light reaching the sensor module when the emitted light is reflected or scattered by the sample accommodated in the sample groove portion, so that a pattern is formed on a surface of the sample groove portion.

Abstract: Although the efficiency of fluoroscopy has always been well known in the Dental clinic, the extra-oral methods that were approached to realize it have always needed a large x-ray dose. This invention lowered the exposure of patient and operator at an extreme level by implementing an intraoral sensor of small area using multiple pickup binning that enhance pulsed x-ray and Signal to noise ratio (SNR) to lower the dose necessary for video. Additionally, it can be used efficiently in dental procedures by suggesting Guide Support Device that includes bite block and open block in between the sensor and emitter for an accurate and convenient scan.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for testing solder joints of a PCB assembly using fluorescent-dye penetrants. The use of a suitable fluorescent-dye penetrant may significantly improve the sensitivity of a Dye and Pry test to dye indications compared to a typical sensitivity achievable thereby with a conventional dye penetrant. Some embodiments may use an automated fluorescence imaging system employing a translation stage to sequentially move individual solder-joint parts of a circuit under test into the field of view of a fluorescence microscope and a high-resolution digital camera to capture fluorescence images of the individual solder-joint parts. The movement of the translation stage and processing of the fluorescence images may be referenced to an electronic CAD file of the circuit to enable high-precision automated scanning of the solder-joint parts in the fluorescence imaging system, automated quantification of the extent of cracks in individual solder joints, and automatic generation of examination reports.

Abstract: A wearable UV sensor includes a UV pass filter; a UV phosphor material; and a visible light sensing device, wherein the UV sensor is configured to receive light including visible light and UV light, wherein the UV pass filter directs the UV light to the UV phosphor material and the UV phosphor material fluoresces visible light in proportion to the UV light from the UV pass filter, and the visible light sensing device measures the visible light fluorescing from the UV phosphor material to determine the amount of the UV light entering the sensor, which correlates to the UV exposure of a subject wearing the UV sensor.

Abstract: A measuring arrangement (20) for x-ray radiation, comprising—a sample position (3), which can be illuminated by xray radiation (2) and—an x-ray detector (13) for detecting x-ray radiation emitted from the sample position (3), comprising at least one detector module (21-24), wherein the detector module (21-24) has a plurality of sensor elements (14; 14a-14e) arranged successively in a measuring direction (MR), each sensor element having a centroid (18), wherein the sensor elements (14; 14a-14e) are arranged in a common sensor plane (16) of the detector module (21-24), is characterized in that at least a majority of the sensor elements (14; 14a-14e) of the detector module (21-24), preferably all the sensor elements (14; 14a-14e) of the detector module (21-24), are designed as uniformly spaced sensor elements (14; 14a-14e), wherein the centroids (18) of the sensor elements (14; 14a-14e) have an equal distance R0 from the sample position (3).