Abstract: Methods and systems described herein detect autofluorescence of a sample. These methods and systems obviate the need for addition of fluorophores to samples to create IR absorption.

Abstract: A radiation treatment head can include: a radiation source and a primary collimator, wherein the radiation source is configured to emit a radioactive beam; wherein the primary collimator is provided with a plurality of primary collimation channel groups; each of the primary collimation channel groups includes at least one primary collimation channel; and the radiation source and the primary collimator are movable relative to each other, so that the beam emitted from the radiation source is permissible to pass through any one of the primary collimation channels; and wherein the beam emitted from the radiation source, after passing through primary collimation channels of different primary collimation channel groups, forms fields with different sizes of areas on a reference plane.

Abstract: A diode (11) is provided on a substrate (1) and thermally insulated from the substrate (1). A positive feedback circuit (18) provides a positive feedback loop so that when a current of the diode (11) decreases due to a change in temperature of the diode (11), the positive feedback circuit (18) further decreases the current of the diode (11), and when the current of the diode (11) increases, the positive feedback circuit (18) further increases the current of the diode (11).

Abstract: An X-ray system is described with a scatter radiation shielding device to be mounted underneath an operating table. The shielding device (10) comprises one or more layers of a radiation blocking material (6) and a cut-out (8) in the one or more layers. The cut-out extends from a point in or near a center of the one or more layers towards an edge to allow radiation transmission to pass. The shielding device is rotatable around a rotation axis. The shielding device substantially reduces the scatter radiation originating from the patient.

Abstract: A method and device incorporating the use of Zinc Oxide to generate electrical power directly from heat, with minimal or no complex and inefficient mechanical interventions, by making advantageous use of the abundance and low cost of ZnO and its pyroelectric and thermoelectric properties. ZnO is used as a cheap, under-used material for the purpose of converting thermal energy (heat) directly into usable electricity with none or almost none of the mechanical conversion systems generally in use.

Abstract: A handheld aerosol-generating device may include an emitter configured to emit light, a sensor configured to receive light, and an aerosol chamber configured to hold an aerosol. The emitter may emit light into the aerosol chamber. The sensor may receive light from the aerosol chamber and measure at least one wavelength of the spectrum of the received light. Direct measurement of parameters, and/or the presence, of the aerosol in the aerosol chamber may be enabled, where the direct measurement of parameters of the aerosol in the aerosol chamber may enable optimal operation of an aerosol-generating system that may be the handheld aerosol-generating device.

Abstract: An asymmetric dual-mode ionization chamber measurement system can include a first high-voltage plate, a second high-voltage plate and a readout plate. The first high-voltage plate can be disposed from the readout plate by a first active volume. The second high-voltage plate can be disposed from the readout plate by a second active volume. A high-voltage potential can be coupled to the first high-voltage plate during a first mode, and to the second high-voltage plate during a second mode. Ion pairs generated by a radiation stream passing through the first active volume during the first mode and the second active volume during the second mode can be measured at the readout plate to determine a radiation rate of the ionizing radiation. The asymmetric dual-mode ionization chamber measurement system can advantageously measure different radiation streams that have significantly different ranges of radiation rates flux.

Abstract: A radiation imaging apparatus includes an imaging surface; a light source; and an array of micro mirrors that rotate via radiation absorbed in the micro mirrors and reflect light from the light source to generate a distribution of reflected light on the imaging surface. The array first micro mirrors and second micro mirrors. The first micro mirrors have a first structure and the second micro mirrors have a second structure different than the first structure. The second structure is configured to correct for one or more environmental influences on the radiation imaging apparatus. A photodetector captures an image of the distribution of reflected light on the imaging surface. A processor is coupled to the photodetector. A communication interface is coupled with the processor; and a computing device is located separately from the radiation imaging apparatus and in communication with the communication interface.

Abstract: A radiotherapy apparatus including a rotatable gantry, a beam generation system, an on-gantry heat transfer system and an off-gantry heat transfer system is disclosed. The beam generation system is attached to the gantry and configured to generate abeam of therapeutic radiation. The on-gantry heat transfer system is configured to rotate with the gantry and includes a first conduit including a first thermally conductive surface, the on-gantry heat transfer system being configured to transfer heat generated by the beam generation system to the thermally conductive surface. The off-gantry heat transfer system includes a second thermally conductive surface, the off-gantry heat transfer system being configured to transfer heat away from the second thermally conductive surface.

Abstract: An example apparatus includes: a semiconductor substrate; a mechanical resonator supported by the substrate, the mechanical resonator including an array of capacitors; and a plasmonic infrared (IR) absorber including an array of metal structures. The mechanical resonator is between the substrate and the IR absorber.

Abstract: A spectrometer and a fabrication method thereof. The spectrometer includes: a first base substrate; a second base substrate opposite to the first base substrate; a detection channel between the first base substrate and the second base substrate; a quantum dot light emitting layer on a side of the first base substrate that is close to the second base substrate, and including a plurality of quantum dot light emitting units; a black matrix on the side of the first base substrate that is close to the second base substrate, and configured to separate the plurality of quantum dot light emitting units; and a sensor layer, including a plurality of sensors, the plurality of sensors being in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of quantum dot light emitting units.

Abstract: The invention relates to an inorganic scintillator material of formula Lu(2?y)Y(y?z?x)CexMzSi(1?v)M?vO5, in which: M represents a divalent alkaline earth metal and M? represents a trivalent metal, (z+v) being greater than or equal to 0.0001 and less than or equal to 0.2; z being greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 0.2; v being greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 0.2; x being greater than or equal to 0.0001 and less than 0.1; and y ranging from (x+z) to 1. In particular, this material may equip scintillation detectors for applications in industry, for the medical field (scanners) and/or for detection in oil drilling. The presence of Ca in the crystal reduces the afterglow, while stopping power for high-energy radiation remains high.

Abstract: The invention relates to an inorganic scintillator material of formula Lu(2-y)Y(y-z-x)CexMzSi(1-v)M?vO5, in which: M represents a divalent alkaline earth metal and M? represents a trivalent metal, (z+v) being greater than or equal to 0.0001 and less than or equal to 0.2; z being greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 0.2; v being greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 0.2; x being greater than or equal to 0.0001 and less than 0.1; and y ranging from (x+z) to 1. In particular, this material may equip scintillation detectors for applications in industry, for the medical field (scanners) and/or for detection in oil drilling. The presence of Ca in the crystal reduces the afterglow, while stopping power for high-energy radiation remains high.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method, controller, and system for controlling a dose in radiotherapy of a patient and a computer storage medium. The method includes: starting to time radiation of rays or calculate radiation dose of the rays before a source carrier is aligned with a collimator in a process of aligning of the source carrier and the collimator; irradiating rays to a target area of the patient through the collimator till the radiation dose of the rays received by the patient is equal to a radiation dose required for the radiotherapy. Therefore, the radiation dose of the rays received by the patient in an entire treatment process may reach the radiation dose actually required during the radiotherapy, thereby improving a radiation dose control accuracy and a treatment effect during the radiotherapy.

Abstract: A graphene-based broadband radiation sensor and methods for operation thereof are disclosed. The radiation sensor includes an electrical signal path for carrying electrical signals and one or more resonance structures connected to the electrical signal path. Each resonance structure includes a resonator having a resonant frequency. Each resonance structure also includes a graphene junction connected in series with the resonator, the graphene junction including a graphene layer and having an impedance that is dependent on a temperature of the graphene layer. Each resonance structure further includes a heating element that is thermally coupled to the graphene layer and is configured to receive an incident photon, where the temperature of the graphene layer increases in response to the heating element receiving the incident photon.

Abstract: A system of measuring an image of a pattern in a scanning type EUV mask may include a high-power laser output unit including a flat mirror and a spherical mirror, which are used to focus a high-power femto-second laser on a gas cell; a coherent EUV light generating portion generating a coherent EUV light; a pin-hole, a graphene filter, and a zirconium (Zr) filter; a stage; an x-ray spherical mirror configured to focus a coherent EUV light; a zone-plate lens placed between the stage and the x-ray spherical mirror; an x-ray flat mirror placed between the zone-plate lens and the x-ray spherical mirror; an order sorting aperture (OSA) placed on the stage and configured to transmit only a first-order diffraction light of the focused coherent EUV light; and a detector portion placed on the stage.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of determining petroleum hydrocarbon fractions (Cn) in a sample, the method including: inputting the sample into a chamber; emitting infrared light from an optical light source into the chamber with the sample; detecting at a detector a detected infrared light from the chamber; transforming the detected infrared light to a Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrum of the sample at a processor, wherein the FTIR spectrum has wavenumbers between 4000 and 400 cm?1; processing the FTIR spectrum to identify sub-bands each having at least one doublet of sub-band peaks at respective wavenumbers in a second derivative curve of the FTIR spectrum using a second derivation algorithm implemented by the processor; comparing the at least one doublet of sub-band peaks to data indicative of known doublets of sub-band peaks at known wavenumbers for petroleum hydrocarbon fractions in the FTIR spectrum to classify the petroleum hydrocarbon fractions in the sample; and determining a domi

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a radiation system. The system may include a treatment assembly, an imaging assembly, a first gantry, and a second gantry. The treatment assembly may include a first radiation source configured to deliver a treatment beam and have a treatment region. The first gantry may be configured to support the first radiation source. The imaging assembly may include a second radiation source and a radiation detector. The second radiation source may be configured to deliver an imaging beam and the radiation detector may be configured to detect at least a portion of the imaging beam. The imaging assembly may have an imaging region. The second gantry may be configured to support the second radiation source and the radiation detector, wherein the second radiation source is located within the second gantry. The treatment region and the imaging region at least partially overlap.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of inspecting a surface including detecting a presence or absence of a defect derived from a surface irregularity part of a planar inspection object to be conveyed in a predetermined direction, using a change in intensity of inspection light, the inspection light including at least two inspection lights that are parallel to a surface of the inspection object in a side view of the inspection object and pass over the surface of the inspection object or through the inspection object in a direction intersecting the conveyance direction in a plan view of the inspection object, the two inspection lights being non-parallel to each other in the plan view.

Abstract: Disclosed is an optical system for imaging, which enables high resolution. An optical system for imaging, which focuses inspection light and monitoring light on an inspection target, includes a dioptric group configured to receive inspection light and monitoring light and to primarily focus the inspection light and the monitoring light on different locations, and a reflection dioptric group configured to reflect and refract the inspection light and the monitoring light that have passed through the dioptric group and to bring the inspection light and the monitoring light into one focus.