Abstract: Alcohol feedstock containing water is extracted with olefinic liquid and reacted catalytically to produce tertiary ether. Unreacted alcohol and olefin vapor separated from etherification effluent is converted along with aqueous alcoholic raffinate in a zeolite catalysis step to produce gasoline and paraffinic intermediate. By dehydrogating the C.sub.3 -C.sub.5 paraffins, an olefinic liquid rich in isoalkenes is obtained for recycle to the extractor as solvent for alcohol feedstock.

Abstract: An antioxidant for liquid hydrocarbons such as fuels has the structure ##STR1## wherein X is N or S; R is H or a C.sub.1 to C.sub.5 alkyl moiety; R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently C.sub.5 to C.sub.18 alkyl or cycloalkyl moieties (which may optionally contain a hetero atom such as oxygen), only one of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 being present if X is S, or may be combined to form a 5 or preferably 6 membered ring; each R.sup.6 is independently the residue of a C.sub.1 to C.sub.5 aldehyde; and R.sup.7 is the residue of a polyamine of the formula ##STR2## wherein R.sup.3 is a C.sub.8 to C.sub.50 alkyl moiety (which may optionally contain one or more ether linkages); R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are each independently C.sub.2 to C.sub.6 alkylene moieties; a is 0 or 1; and m is at least 3.

Abstract: Storage-stable, pumpable, concentrated dispersions of coal in water contain a non-ionic additive constituted by a polymer containing polyethoxy chains grafted onto suitably functionalized polystyrenes having a molecular weight comprised within the range of from 500 to 15000.

Abstract: Additives which improve the low-temperature properties of distillate fuels are the reaction products of (1) diols, and (2) the product of pyromellitic dianhydride and aminoalcohols and/or amines with long-chain hydrocarbyl groups attached.

Abstract: Methods for improving the anti-friction and wear-reducing properties of lubricating oils by adding to such oils polyfluoro chain-containing amines of the formula ##STR1## or the commercially available mixtures of such materials, wherein n is an integer from 1 to 20, a is two or four, R.sub.2 is hydrogen or a lower alkyl group, and R.sub.1 and Z are:When Z is hydrogen, R.sub.1 is hydrogen or an alkyl group having from one to six carbon atoms, an aryl radical, or an alicyclic radical having from three to ten carbon atoms, orR.sub.1 and Z are selected from alkyl radicals having from one to six carbon atoms, orZ is ##STR2## while R.sub.1 is hydrogen, an alkyl group having from one to six carbon atoms, or ##STR3## R and R' being hydrogen or methyl, or R.sub.1 and Z together form a linear alkylene group containing from three to ten carbon atoms,and lubricating oils containing such polyfluoro chain-containing amines and "ash-free" or organometallic dispersant/detergent additives.

Abstract: Additives comprising the reaction products of aminodiols and the product of pyromellitic dianhydride and aminoalcohols and/or amines with long-chain hydrocarbyl groups improve the low-temperature properties of distillate fuels.

Abstract: Middle distillate fuels may be treated to improve storage stability by addition of, as additive, an acrylate polymer containing moieties derived from an N-heterocyclic amine such as 4-vinyl pyridine or the enamine ester of morpholine and propionaldehyde.

Abstract: A composition adapted for use as a corrosion inhibitor in petroleum-based fuel. The composition comprises an oil-soluble adduct of a triazole and a basic nitrogen compound selected from the group consisting of polyamines, alkoxyamines, aryloxyamines and monoalkyleneamines. Methods for preparation and use of such compositions are also disclosed. In addition, a petroleum-based fuel composition of reduced tendency to corrode copper and aluminum surfaces contacted by the fuel composition is disclosed. The composition comprises a petroleum-based fuel and an oil-soluble adduct of a triazole and a basic nitrogen compound.

Abstract: Oil soluble viscosity index improvers-dispersants exhibiting improved cold temperature viscometric properties, and Thickening Efficiencies and Shear Stability Indexes generally similar to conventional V.I.-dispersants, comprised of the reaction products of (i) ethylene copolymer, such as copolymer of ethylene and propylene, grafted with ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid moieties, preferably maleic acid or anhydride moieties; (ii) polyamine having two or more primary amino groups or polyol; (iii) an amount effective to provide a V.I. improver-dispersant exhibiting improved cold temperature viscometric properties of a high functionality long chain hydrocarbyl substituted dicarboxylic acid material such as alkenyl succinic anhydride, preferably polybutene succinic anhydride, having a functionality of at least 1.2, preferably at least about 1.3, and more preferably at least 1.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for drying and passivating wet coals, for example bituminous, subbituminous or lignite. The wet coal is introduced into a heating zone at a controlled rate, then is contacted with a heavy hydrocarbonaceous treatment material having a softening point of at least 60.degree. C. The particles and treatment material are simultaneously intimately mixed and are heated to a temperature of at least 200.degree. C. but below the coal decomposition temperature while being moved along the heating zone in a plug flow manner. The particles are then cooled in a cooling zone.

Abstract: The invention presented is a method for catalyzing fuel for powering internal combustion engines. The method comprises admixing with fuel an additive composition comprising at least one fuel-soluble platinum group metal compound in an amount effective to supply from 0.01 to 1.0 parts per million of platinum group metal per part of fuel.

Abstract: The octane value of fuels such as gasoline is increased by adding thereto an organic compound containing a tert-butyl group bonded to a carbon or nitrogen atom, which, in turn, is bonded to yet another atom by double or triple bonds.

Abstract: C.sub.5 -C.sub.9 lactone based adduct materials are made by reacting a C.sub.5 -C.sub.9 lactone with a polyol to form a lactone adduct intermediate, and thereafter reacting the intermediate with an aliphatic hydrocarbyl saturated or unsaturated, straight chain or branched chain monocarboxylic or dicarboxylic acylating agent having from about one to about 165 total carbon atoms in said straight or branched chain to insure that the resulting lactone adduct is hydrocarbon soluble. The resulting adduct material are useful per se, as oil soluble dispersant additives, and are useful in fuel and lubricating oil compositions including concentrates containing the additives.

Abstract: Lubricants comprising perfluoropolyether oils containing perfluoropolyether solids as fillers are described.

Abstract: A low-rank coal oil agglomeration process. High mineral content, a high ash content subbituminous coals are effectively agglomerated with a bridging oil which is partially water soluble and capable of entering the pore structure, and usually coal derived.

Abstract: Triazines substituted with at least one aryloxy perfluoroisopropyl moiety are disclosed. These compounds, either alone or as additives, are useful as high temperature lubricants.

Abstract: Dispersants for aqueous coal suspensions containing(a) lignin sulfonic acid and/or alkali metal, alkaline earth metal and/or ammonium salts thereof,(b) one or more alkyl ether phosphates corresponding to general formulae (I) and/or (II) below ##STR1## in which R is straight-chain or branched C.sub.8 -C.sub.22 alkyl or alkenyl radical,M is hydrogen, an alkali metal, ammonium, or an alkaline earth metal, andm and n are numbers of from 1 to 15, and(c) optionally, other auxiliaries of the type typically present in such dispersants.

Abstract: A process for producing, from a dilute aqueous solution of a lower (C.sub.1 -C.sub.5) alcohol, a concentrated liquid solution of the alcohol in an aromatic organic solvent is disclosed. Most of the water is removed from the dilute aqueous solution of alcohol by chilling sufficiently to form ice crystals. Simultaneously, the remaining liquid is extracted at substantially the same low temperature with a liquid organic solvent that is substantially immiscible in aqueous liquids and has an affinity for the alcohol at that temperature, causing the alcohol to transfer to the organic phase. After separating the organic liquid from the ice crystals, the organic liquid can be distilled to enrich the concentration of alcohol therein. Ethanol so separated from water and concentrated in an organic solvent such as toluene is useful as an anti-knock additive for gasoline.

Abstract: Rust of ferrous metal surfaces that are in contact with gasohol or alcohol fuels is inhibited by the addition of a corrosion inhibiting amount of the combination of (A) a substituted imidazoline and (B) an alkenyl succinimide of a mixture of alkylenepolyamines.

Abstract: A super-heavy oil emulsion fuel is formed by emulsification using 100 parts by weight of super-heavy oil, 30-80 parts by weight of water, 0.01-4 parts by weight of an anionic surface activating agent, and a nonionic surface activating agent having an HLB (hydrophilic lipophilic balance) of 9-19 at an anionic surface activating agent/nonionic surface activating agent weight ratio of 1/99-75/25. The super-heavy oil emulsion fuel can also comprise 100 parts by weight of super-heavy oil, 30-80 parts by weight of water, 0.05-4 parts by weight of a nonionic surface active agent having an HLB of 9-19 and, optionally, 0.005-4 parts by weight of an anionic surface active agent.