Abstract: An internal combustion engine has an intake valve and an exhaust valve. When the engine operates at low speed with low and medium load, the intake valve is operated to close at a relatively advanced timing for increased volumetric effeciency and increased real compression ratio. When the engine operates at low speeds with high load, the exhaust valve is operated to close at a relatively retarded timing with the intake valve being operated to close at the relatively advanced timing, whereby the volumetric efficiency is subject to a drop to prevent occurrence of knocking.

Abstract: A motor vehicle has a heating and ventilating system for the cabin of the vehicle, including an air treatment zone arranged in front of the cabin, with a recirculating air inlet which passes air from the cabin back to the treatment zone. The floor of the cabin has a double wall defining a recirculating air duct within it, the recirculation air inlet being at the rear end of this duct, so that air can be recirculated from the back of the cabin to the treatment zone in the form of a moving air mattress under the floor. This mattress improves the insulation of the feet of the occupants from the outside atmosphere.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine comprising an engine block housing at least one reciprocating piston being provided in a cylinder comprising at least one inlet valve and an exhaust valve, which piston is coupled with a crankshaft being coupled with a drive and/or working shaft, there is at least one two-sided piston reciprocating in two coaxial chambers each of a cylinder. Each chamber is provided on opposite sides of the crankshaft, wherein the at least one two-sided piston comprises a central bearing, through which the crankshaft is passing, and wherein the drive and/or working shaft is coupled eccentrically with the crankshaft.

Abstract: An apparatus and method is provided for a dual compression and dual expansion internal combustion engine (8) that is compact, efficient, and has low combustion noise and emissions. The subject engine (8) includes a low pressure piston assembly (56) reciprocally disposed in an operating chamber (22) defined in a housing (10). A pair of opposed high pressure piston assemblies (58) and (60) are directly mounted on a pair of geared together, counter rotating, crankshafts (52) and (54) and reciprocally disposed in bores (178) and (186) of the low pressure piston assembly (56). The disposition of the second and third piston assemblies (58) and (60) within their respective bores (178) and (186) defines a combustion chamber (254). An intake chamber (144) for compression of inducted air and an exhaust chamber (146) for expansion of exhaust gas are defined in the operating chamber (22) between the low pressure piston assembly (56) and the housing (10).

Abstract: A fuel heater for improving the fluidity of fuel, vaporization of fuel, and combustion of fuel to thereby minimize emissions and maximize power output for an engine includes a chamber in which a manifold is disposed such that a heat exchanger can extend therearound. The manifold includes openings for introducing fluid medium into the chamber which open in different directions thereby creating a more uniform turbulence in the chamber and enhancing the transfer of heat to the fuel. The arrangement of the manifold and heat exchanger increases the amount of heated fluid medium which comes into contact with the heat exchanger by overcoming the effect of boundary layers. The fuel heater includes a fuel mixing chamber and a fluid medium reservoir which are utilized to control the temperature of fluid medium entering the chamber and, accordingly, the temperature of fuel exiting the heater. The fuel heater includes various arrangements for providing heat to the fuel heater and control arrangements therefore.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine with an air intake system for transmitting combustion air to at least one cylinder chamber is involved which consists of one or more intake pipes (1-4) coiled more than 180.degree. and of means for controlled variation of the effective intake pipe length as well as at least one throttle mechanism whose movement can be controlled, where the means for varying the intake pipe length and the throttle mechanism for controlling the air volume are combined structurally in a substantially cylindrical, rotary slide valve (17) which can be rotated in a controlled manner about a cylinder axis (18) and also in a controlled manner can be moved to a limited degree in the direction of the cylinder axis (18).

Abstract: A cylinder head and spark plug assembly for mounting on an engine block to create a combustion chamber for burning fuel and method for assembling the same are disclosed. A cylinder head has an end wall with an exterior surface and an interior surface and a spark plug bore extending downstream from the exterior surface to the interior surface. The spark plug bore has a seal surface adjacent the interior surface and external threads disposed upstream from the seal surface. A spark plug includes a body terminating in an end portion having a seal surface thereon, a nut and external threads disposed between the nut and the seal surface. The external threads of the spark plug are threadedly retained within the internal threads of the spark plug bore with the spark plug seal surface cooperating with the cylinder head seal surface in an interference fit eliminating any crevice between the end portion of the body and the spark plug bore downstream of the interference fit.

Abstract: An apparatus for converting reciprocating motion to rotary motion and vice-versa. The apparatus includes a reciprocatory assembly guided for reciprocation in a first direction. The reciprocatory assembly includes first and second reciprocating members each terminating in a planar guide surface transverse to the direction of reciprocation; spacing tie means interconnecting the two reciprocatory members at opposite ends of the guide surfaces to maintain the guide surfaces parallel, spaced apart and facing each other; a drive block having opposed guide faces each slidably engaged with a respective one of the guide surfaces of the reciprocatory members; and a rotary member mounted for rotation about an axis transverse to the direction of reciprocation and having an eccentric portion rotatably engaged in the drive block.

Abstract: An internal reciprocating engine effective to operate at one engine cycle per revolution is provided with a differential stroke piston having an inner piston part, for sealing the cylinder, operating at a cycle different from its corresponding outer piston part, for transmitting power to and from the engine shaft, and a differential stroke actuating means for operating the inner and outer piston parts in the same and the opposite directions within the cylinder and to provide differential stroke periods and/or stroke lengths for the inner piston part cycle.

Abstract: A cylinder liner comprises an alloy plating film of Ni-B or Ni-P or Ni-Co-P formed on at least a part contacting with cooling liquid in an outer peripheral surface and further a nitrided layer formed on an inner peripheral surface to improve an anti-cavitation characteristic, a sliding characteristic and an anti-corrosion characteristic and facilitate a manufacturing of the cylinder liner.

Abstract: An intake air flow divider insert is provided for use in an air intake duct connected to the intake end of an air intake manifold for an internal combustion engine, the manifold having a number, N, of intake air flow passages originating at the air intake end thereof, the number, N, being equal to at least two. The air flow divider insert device comprises an insert body having walls configured for smoothly dividing a single flow of intake air flowing through the duct and impinging on upstream regions of the device into a number, N, of air flows, wherein the number of air flows is equal to the number, N, of manifold intake air flow passages, the walls being configured for diverting each of said N air flows smoothly into a corresponding one of the manifold intake air passages when the insert is positioned in the air intake duct to be just upstream of the manifold when the duct is connected to the manifold.

Abstract: A cylinder head of an internal-combustion engine is disclosed which includes a horizontally divided carrier in which camshaft bearings as well as receiving devices for bucket tappets are arranged. The arrangement is constructed rigidly as a result of longitudinal and transverse webs and, by removing the receiving devices from the cylinder housing, permits the use of a simple casting method for the cylinder head housing.

Abstract: A cylinder head for an internal combustion engine has a substantially greater height than conventional cylinder heads, and intake and exhaust ports which extend angularly upwardly in the head from the combustion chamber to a respective surface of the head. Intake and exhaust valves are provided in the head for controlling flow through the intake and exhaust ports, and the valves are tilted both longitudinally and laterally with respect to the head. The intake and exhaust ports are skewed in the head to closely align the axes of the ports with the angle of the respective valves. Valve operating components are recessed into the top surface of the head, enabling a flat valve cover to be used for enclosing the valve operating components. The invention is particularly directed to a cylinder head having a generally wedge-shaped combustion chamber, and the height of the head in a specific construction is about six inches, with the intake ports angled upwardly at about 30.degree.

Abstract: A starting aid for a diesel engine comprises a housing (10) having a longitudinal passageway (12). Fuel is admitted to an upstream section (13) of the passageway via an inlet opening (14) and the fuel exits a downstream section (16) of the passageway via outlet openings (17). An electromagnetically-controlled plate valve (18) regulates a flow of fuel from the upstream, to the downstream section of the passageway, and a helical heater coil (32) heats the fuel as it passes along an annular part (31) of the downstream section (16) of the passageway (12).

Abstract: An air and fuel mixing, modulating and supply means for a spark ignition internal combustion engine includes an air inlet manifold in effective connection with air and fuel metering means including a throttle. Two separate passages are provided which passages include holes in the inlet manifold. Each passage is controlled by a respective valve. Control means open or close the valves depending on engine condition. The first larger passage is effective to reduce engine vacuum when the engine speed is greater than a 1,000 rpm and the throttle is closed. The second smaller passage is effective to allow a small amount of additional air into the inlet manifold when the throttle is open and the engine speed is above 1,500 rpm.

Abstract: Each of the cylinder heads forming right and left cylinder banks of a V-type engine is provided, in the inner side wall thereof, with intake ports each communicating with a cylinder formed in the cylinder bank. A camshaft is provided in each cylinder bank above intake and exhaust valves to drive the valves in synchronization with the rotation of the engine and supported for rotation by a plurality of bearings. Each discrete intake passage is connected to one of the intake port of one of the cylinder banks and extends above the other cylinder bank. Cylinder head covers mounted on the respective cylinder heads are provided with recessed portions at the portions corresponding to the inter-bearing portions of the camshaft and said discrete intake passages extend through the recessed portions.

Abstract: A check valve for disposition between a vacuum operated device and the intake of an auxiliary vacuum pump of an automobile which discharges into the crankcase of the engine of the vehicle. The check valve includes an elastomeric umbrella valve having a flexible lip which is self-biased to a closed position preventing backflow of air to the vacuum operated device and which is flexed to a normal open position by a pressure difference corresponding to pump operation with the integrity of the auxiliary vacuum system intact. A larger pressure difference corresponding to operation of the vacuum pump with the integrity of the auxiliary vacuum system breached flexes the lip of the umbrella valve to a control open position wherein airflow is restricted to only a control orifice of the valve the flow area of which orifice is predetermined to limit airflow to less than the rate at which air is scavenged from the crankcase of the engine.

Abstract: A positive crankcase ventilation control for an internal combustion engine having a selectively operated bypass to a conventional pressure responsive flow control.