Abstract: A high pressure discharge lamp having an arc tube for operation in a generally horizontal position. The arc tube has a generally cylindrical body with end chambers of continuously reducing cross-section in which respective discharge electrodes are arranged. Press seals sealing the end of the arc tube in a gas tight-manner are offset from the axis of the cylindrical body in a direction normal to the press seals and away from the tip-off. The lower circumferential portion of the cylindrical body is smoothly curving and free of flats and the lower portions of the end chambers are smoothly curving and free of crevices.

Abstract: An AC thin film electroluminescent display panel includes a metal assist structure formed on and in electrical contact over each transparent electrode, and a graded layer of light absorbing dark material which combine to provide a sunlight viewable display panel.

Abstract: A gas plasma display panel heater device for use with a gas plasma panel display, and methods for using and mounting the same. The gas plasma display panel has a display viewing area, external connection and heather. The gas plasma display heater device includes a thermally conductive layer, preferably a foil or coating, arranged and configured to substantially envelop the gas plasma display panel while not covering the display viewing area. The gas plasma display heater device is operative to conduct heat generated by the heater to other portions of the gas plasma display panel. The plasma display heater further includes a supplemental heater device. The supplemental heater device includes a heating element which is formed from an electrically resistive material such that, when a current is passed through the heating element, the same will generate heat. The supplemental heater also has electrical leads electrically connected with the heating element.

Abstract: To reduce flicker in low-power, high-pressure discharge lamps, the electrs, in the region in which they face each other, have wrap windings, of about 2 to 4 turns wrapped thereabout and the terminal end of the electrode has an essentially spherical end head element (19, 19', 39) melted thereon, which essentially spherical head element may be a segment of a sphere, ellipsoid-shaped or similarly formed. The electrode shaft, the wrap winding and the sphere preferably are all made of undoped tungsten, although the electrode shaft may be of a lower melting metal, such as rhenium.

Abstract: A high pressure sodium lamp includes discharge vessel (20) which is enclosed with intervening space (1) by an outer bulb (10), which space contains a gas-fill with at least 70 mol. % nitrogen gas. Electrodes (30a, 30b) are positioned in the discharge vessel (20) and are each connected to a current supply conductor (40a, 40b) which issues from the discharge vessel (20) at a respective end (21a, 21b) thereof. The discharge vessel (20) has between the electrodes (30a, 30b) a central portion (22) with length L and volume V. The discharge vessel (20) contains an amalgam containing a weight m.sub.Hg of mercury and a weight m.sub.Na r. of sodium, whereby the following relations are fulfilled: ##EQU1## in which m.sub.Hg and m.sub.Na are expressed in mg, and L and V are expressed in cm and cm.sup.3, respectively.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an addressable electroluminescent display which eliminates ghost images resulting from leads used to energize the display. The addressable display has a polymer film substrate with a first electrode deposited onto the polymer film. A group electrode is provided which is spaced apart from the first electrode. The group electrode has segments so arranged that, when projected onto the first electrode, form a substantially continuous group electrode footprint. A phosphor layer is interposed between the first electrode and the group electrode. Preferably, a dielectric is also interposed between the phosphor layer and the group electrode. A group electrode insulating layer overlies the group electrode and has group electrode insulating layer passages therethrough. Group electrode leads overlay the group electrode insulating layer and are positioned such that their projection onto the first electrode lies within the group electrode footprint.

Abstract: The tip 10 of the center electrode 1 is opposed to the ground electrodes 21 and 22. The tip 10 has flat faces 111 and 121 opposed to the discharge faces of the ground electrodes 211 and 221, and inclined faces 101 and 102 extending from the flat faces to the base 19. The flat faces have noble metal pieces 31 and 32 at positions opposed to the discharge faces. The discharge faces have a spark gap G between itself and the noble metal piece, a minimum gap A between itself and the inclined face, and a minimum gap B between itself and the tip face 41 of the insulator 4. The spark gap G, minimum gap A, and minimum gap B are related such that the distance of A.gtoreq.1.2.times.the distance of G, and the distance of B.gtoreq.the distance G. The axial length L of the flat face and the area S of a cross section perpendicular to the flat face should, preferably, have the relation S/L.gtoreq.0.7.

Abstract: A radiant source including an essentially planar substrate having a well or hole formed therein. At least one incandescent filament is mounted to the substrate and aligned at the well or hole. Contact pads are formed onto the substrate, to both ends of the incandescent filament, and feed electric current to the incandescent filament. Furthermore, each incandescent filament is doped with phosphorus to an impurity concentration of at least 5.times.10.sup.19 atoms/cm.sup.3.

Abstract: A glass rod extending through and sealed to the exhaust tube of an electrodeless SEF fluorescent discharge lamp has a metal support member at one end thereof for supporting an amalgam at or near the apex of the lamp envelope. The metal support member may comprise a spiral-shaped wire, a wire screen, or a wire basket. Preferably, the amalgam is maintained in contact with the apex of the lamp envelope. If desired, the metal support member may comprise a magnetic material to allow for magnetic transport of the amalgam assembly during lamp processing. The metal support member restricts spreading of the amalgam when in a liquid state; and the glass rod provides rigid support for the amalgam independent of lamp orientation.

Abstract: The high pressure mercury discharge lamp comprises a quartz glass lamp vessel (1) having a region (2) surrounding a discharge space (3), spaced-apart tungsten electrodes (4) defining a discharge path (5) disposed in the lamp vessel, and connected to current conductors (6) which extend from the lamp vessel to the exterior and a filling of mercury, rare gas and bromine. The lamp has an operating pressure of at least about 200 bar. The discharge space (3) is spheroidal in shape and has specified dimensions. The lamp consumes a power of 70 to 150 W. The lamp has favourable properties which render the lamp suitable for use in optical systems, e.g. for projection purposes.

Abstract: An electron gun for a color CRT has three cathodes disposed in parallel to each other, first to fifth grid electrodes and a convergence deflector. The electron gun is additionally provided with a tetrode magnetic field generator including a pair of permanent magnets having an astigmatic effect of the central beam of the electron gun on the cathode side of the convergence deflector. An astigmatism eliminator is provided to cancel astigmatic aberration of the side beams of the electron gun near the position where the electron beams are converged. The astigmatism eliminator is composed of a fifth grid electrode whose entrance has an electron beam passing hole of nearly elliptic shape.

Abstract: A transparent electrode, luminescent layer, back electrode are formed on one side of a first insulative substrate. A second insulative substrate is adhered to the first insulative substrate by an insulative adhesive. The back electrode is divided into two sub-electrodes. A pair of electrode pads are formed on the second insulative substrate so as to be opposed to at least respective parts of the sub-electrodes, and connected to those parts of the sub-electrodes by a conductive connector.

Abstract: A hollow cathode discharge tube is used for atomic absorption analysis. The tube has a cathode which includes a first hollow portion and a second hollow portion connected to each other. The second hollow portion has a diameter greater than the first hollow portion and a close end. Inserted through the closed end is a rod-like anode which has a part within the hollow space of the cathode. There is a auxiliary electrode which can be an auxiliary anode that surrounds the rod-like anode and is insulated therefrom. There is an additional electrode which can be an auxiliary cathode at the front end portion of the cathode. The cathode is formed of a material that is a material or includes a material that is to be analyzed.

Abstract: A spark plug includes a cylindrical metallic shell having a shoulder portion, and a tubular insulator having a stepped portion which rests on the shoulder portion within the metallic shell. The insulator has a rear half made of aluminum oxide and a front half made of aluminum nitride, the rear half having a protrusion, while the front half having a housing, and tightly joining the protrusion within the housing. An overlapping portion of the protrusion and the housing is at least partly located in a plane which is perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the center electrode, the plane passing through the shoulder portion of the metallic shell.

Abstract: A flat display apparatus has a substrate, a plurality of pointed cathodes formed on the substrate, a planar anode facing toward the cathodes via a vacuum space, and a light emitting layer on the side of the anode which is opposite from the cathodes. The anode has a plurality of projections in positions corresponding to the cathodes. The anode projections reduce electron scatter to improve light emission from the light emitting layer. In another embodiment of the flat display apparatus, a primary electron source and a plurality of secondary electron sources connected to bias voltages are disposed on the substrate and positioned relative to one another in an alternately staggered vertical positional sequence toward a light emitting member so that electrons are successively amplified.

Abstract: A low-pressure mercury discharge lamp with a very good color rendering and with a color point (x.sub.L, y.sub.I) on or close to the Planckian locus, includes a gastight, radiation-transmitting envelope which contains mercury and rare gas, and a luminescent layer includinga first luminescent material activated by bivalent europium and having an emission band whose maximum lies between 470 nm and 500 nm and whose half-value width is at most 90 nm,a second luminescent material activated by bivalent manganese and having at least an emission band mainly in the red region of the visible spectrum,a third luminescent material with a band emission whose maximum lies between 430 nm and 490 nm,a fourth luminescent material with emission mainly between 520 nm and 565 nm, anda fifth luminescent material with emission mainly between 590 nm and 630 nm.

Abstract: A focusing unit for a cathode ray tube comprises a plurality of permanent magnets, each having a longitudinal axis, and a plurality of coils. A form holds the magnets in a first annular array at substantially equally spaced intervals in which the magnet axes are substantially parallel to a longitudinal axis defined by the first annular array and holds the coils in a second annular array at positions spaced angularly between the magnets. Annular flanges of high magnetic permeability are disposed over longitudinally opposite ends of the magnets. At least one annular winding is disposed substantially adjacent to and inwardly from the first array of the magnets. In one embodiment, the coils are helical coils disposed in substantial circumferential alignment with the first annular array of the magnets. The helical coils each having a substantially is radially aligned longitudinal axis.

Abstract: An electroluminescent lamp has a face side laminated film and a rear side laminated film. The face side laminated film is constituted by sequentially formed layers including a transparent electrode, a luminous layer formed of a moistureproof-coated phosphor powder distributed in fluororesin such as vinylidene fluoride which is a low hygroscopic resin, and a reflective insulation layer formed of a high dielectric material distributed in fluororesin. The rear side laminated film is constituted by sequentially formed layers including a film such as a PET film, an adhesive layer, and a rear electrode which is formed of a conductive material such as carbon paste or nickel paste having a migration property lower than that of silver (Ag) and which is thermally-compress-bonded to the reflective insulation layer. This arrangement makes it possible to omit such outer coat films and hygroscopic films as used in the prior art arrangement.

Abstract: An electric lamp is provided which includes a reflector typically made of glass or metal and having a reflecting surface in which an area is formed to fit a locating device attached to the internal capsule light source. At the rear of the reflector is a neck portion in which are located several seating points for the light capsule locating device. Electrical connectors extend between the capsule and the base member. The positioning member is definitely located by seating ledges molded into the neck of the reflector. In manufacture, the positioning member is placed in tension and the lead wires for the lamp assembly extend through eyelets in the base which are then mechanically fastened so as to maintain a tension on the positioning member. The fact that the positioning member is under tension allows it to maintain positional accuracy during the life of the lamp.

Abstract: A high pressure discharge lamp is disclosed. The high pressure discharge lamp includes: a discharge tube which is filled with gas; a first electrode having a first end, the first electrode being provided in the discharge tube; and a second electrode having a second end which is positioned away from the first end by a certain distance, the second electrode being provided in the discharge tube. In the high pressure discharge lamp, arc discharge is induced by a voltage applied between the first end of the first electrode and the second end of the second electrode. The high pressure discharge lamp further includes a convection regulating member which is electrically insulating and provided in the discharge tube. The convection regulating member suppresses the deformation of the arc discharge caused by the convection of the gas in the discharge tube.