Abstract: A video signal superimposing device for superimposing and clearly displaying video signals produced from at least two discrete systems includes an input terminal for inputting a color complex video signal, a separation circuit for separating a first brightness signal and a first chroma signal from the color complex video signal, a first generator for generating a second brightness signal, a first mixer circuit for mixing the second brightness signal and the first brightness signal separated by the separation circuit, a second generator for generating a second chroma signal, a second mixer circuit for mixing the second chroma signal and the first chroma signal separated by the separation circuit, and a third mixer circuit for mixing the mixed brightness signal applied from the first mixer circuit and the mixed chroma signal applied to the second mixer circuit.

Abstract: The disclosed image sensing device includes a sensing arrangement for converting an optical image into an electrical signal; an iris for adjusting the quantity of light supplied to the image sensing arrangement; gain control circuits for adjusting amplification gains of monochrome or color difference signals obtained from the image sensing arrangement; a peak detecting arrangement for detecting the peak values of the monochrome or color difference signals; a balance control for controlling the gain control circuits for white balance adjustment according to the signals obtained from the peak detecting arrangement; and an iris control for controlling the iris such that the output of the image sensing arrangement becomes lower when the gain control circuits are under the control of the balance control than when they are under a normal photographic condition.

Abstract: An interline comb filter for separating luminance signal from composite video includes a subcarrier trap which is selectively engaged in the comb filtered luminance signal path to remove "hanging dots". Control for the subcarrier trap is provided from vertical detail signals.

Abstract: Circuitry for detecting nonstandard video signals is disclosed. This circuitry is used in a sampled data video signal processing system to control signal processing steps which utilize a frame store memory. The detecting circuitry includes a programmable counter which generates a standard horizontal pulse signal having a 70 ns pulse width by counting down a sampling clock signal that has a frequency proportional to the color subcarrier frequency of the video signals. The circuitry generates another horizontal pulse signal having a pulse width of less than 140 ns from the horizontal sync pulses of the input video signals. These pulse signals are compared in a coincidence detector which produces a signal that is in a first state when the pulses of the two signals overlap at least once in every twenty-five horizontal line times and in a second state otherwise.

Abstract: Monochrome bar patterns approximately seven millimeters in width are produced on the screen of a three-color television picture tube by means of a video signal having a substantially Gaussian waveform. The value of the convergence component is given by the distance between centers of two bars of different colors. Measurement of convergence is carried out by means of a photosensor consisting of a charge-coupled photosensitive strip and an optical system comprising a biconvex lens and a cylindrical lens.

Abstract: A color television receiver is disclosed, which includes a circuit for detecting a color saturation level of a color from red, green and blue primary color signals or from color difference signals and a color temperature control circuit for increasing at least a blue color component on a screen of a color cathode ray tube in accordance with an increase of the color saturation level, the color temperature control circuit being controlled by the output of the color saturation level detecting circuit.

Abstract: Color television transmission and data storage system, respectively, with time-division multiplex encoding. A signal source is coupled via an encoding circuit for time-division multiplex encoding and signal compression to a transmission and storage channel, respectively to which a data receiver having a complementary decoding circuit is connectable. Luminance information associated with a number of p line periods is transmitted substantially non-compressed. A portion of the chrominance information associated therewith is transmitted in considerably compressed form in a number of q further line periods. In this situation there is an average chrominance time compression factor which is substantially equal to or less than q/p. On display, p lines are displayed with substantially the full bandwidth for the luminance and a limited chrominance bandwidth which is inherent to the time compression. The channel is then used optimally to obtain a high picture quality on display.

Abstract: A system for detecting overload conditions of a chrominance signal in which the chrominance signal is compared to a predetermined maximum desired amplitude value. Occurrences of the chrominance signal exceeding the predetermined amplitude are considered to be overload conditions only if the duration of the particular occurrence continues for an interval determined by the noise content of the chrominance signal. The average value of the chrominance signal over the internal is calculated to represent the overload signal.

Abstract: A television system having a fully compatible high-definition signal receivable at conventional resolution by conventional TV receivers and which is transmitted to the TV receivers by one TV channel carrying the conventional signal and a second TV channel carrying the high-frequency luminance and chrominance information. The high-frequency chrominance information is time compressed and transmitted during the horizontal retrace interval of the second TV channel. The baseband signal containing the high-frequency luminance components is derived from the lower sideband output of a product modulator whose inputs are taken from an anti-alias filtered (camera) source of wideband luminance information and a local oscillator. The phase of the local oscillator is transmitted to the TV receivers by a tone burst signal gated into the vertical retrace interval of the second channel. The high-frequency chrominance information comprises Q' and I' segments which are transmitted at alternate horizontal retrace intervals.

Abstract: A 2D/3D compatible polarized TV system is described which comprises a 3 color TV camera with pairs of adjacent 3D right and left images in each color. The image pairs are scanned to derive pairs of 3D image signals. These 3D signals are presented as 3 color pixels alternately polarized orthogonally. The display may be viewed without glasses to see a 2D color image with either the right or left images suppressed; or with polarized viewers to see a color 3D image. A method of manufacturing orthogonally oriented polarized color pixels is described utilizing inorganic polarizing dipoles electrostatically aligned in a fusible transparent coating.

Abstract: The disclosure is directed to an apparatus and method for encoding and/or decoding video signals for use in a compatible high definition television system or in other applications. In a form of the disclosure there is provided an encoder which includes means for storing an input frame as an array of digital pixel values, and means for interrogating the stored array and for generating a sum signal and at least one difference signal. The sum signal is representative of the sum of the pixel values in a group of pixels. The difference signal is representative of the difference between the total of the pixel values in some of the pixels in the group and the total of the pixel values of other pixels in the group. The sum signal and the difference signal are generated for a multiplicity of groups which cover the video frame. The sum signal is generated at a relatively high information refresh rate and the difference signal is generated at a relatively low information refresh rate.

Abstract: A video signal of the type having phase modulation induced in the color burst component thereof to inhibit video tape recording, is modified to remove the phase modulation and permit acceptable video tape recording. The phase modulated color burst component of an incoming video signal drives a phase lock loop, which regenerates a color burst component free of the modulation for insertion into the video signal.

Abstract: In the present invention, certain improvements are incorporated that permit removal of the backing color when its illumination is of non-constant color. In addition, an improved color logic is described that improves the simultaneous reproduction of fleshtones and green foliage in the same scene. A modified control logic is described that improves reproduction of red objects and fleshtones. A reversed window permits retention of objects whose color is identical to that of the backing. And, finally, a circuit is described which permits a super-imposing of titles or glow where said titles or glow may be made wholly transparent, semi-transparent or opaque.

Abstract: In a television transmission system, an encoding circuit in a data generator transmits (or stores) identification information relating to variable numbers of television lines or variable portions of television lines in which luminance and chrominance information occur, compressed where appropriate. The data receiver includes a simple, properly adaptable decoding circuit which comprises presettable counters for counting portions of television lines and for counting television lines, outputs of these counters being coupled to address inputs of a programmable memory which is coupled to a multiplexer which is switchable by the identification information and is followed by a logic circuit for generating control signals for a chrominance memory having the same write and read rates and for luminance and chrominance memories having said write rates and several read rates, under the control of a clock pulse source which is switchable via the logic circuit and the identification information.

Abstract: An identification signal is produced on the basis of the difference between the potentials in the adjacent horizontal blanking periods of a demodulated line sequential color signal. Therefore, a delay, if, of the discrimination timing can be substantially ignored when compared to the system using narrow-bandpass filters, and the color signals can be accurately discriminated without delay. Further, by the virtue of the provision of the horizontal scanning period rate conversion circuit, a pulse which is synchronous with the horizontal signal and appears accurately at the time interval of one horizontal scanning period is based on for effecting the accurately desired discrimination, so that the discrimination can be reliably effected at the desired position without an adverse effect of noise, a dropout in magnetic recoding or the like.

Abstract: In a television receiver, a demultiplexer for a high definition multiplexed analog component television signal provides samples of each component signal. A group of samples for each component signal is selected according to the aspect ratio of the television receiver display, and according to the aspect ratio of the picture contained in the high definition multiplexed analog signal so that the selected group is the one that provides picture information which fits the aspect ratio of the display. The selected samples for one scan line are first stored during the active scan line time and then read out sequentially during the subsequent scan line time. The stored samples of each component signal are read out sequentially during substantially the same time period to provide the required Y, U, V signals. A similarly designed demultiplexer may be used to process an extended aspect ratio frequency multiplexed signal such as a high definition NTSC-formatted signal.

Abstract: A fully compatible high definition signal, which can still be received with conventional resolution by conventional TV receivers without auxiliary apparatus is provided by the present invention. One TV channel carries the conventional TV signal while high frequency luminance and chrominance information is provided in a second TV channel. The baseband signal containing the high frequency components is derived from the lower sideband output of a product modulator whose inputs are taken from an anti-alias filtered (camera) source of wideband luminance information and a local oscillator whose frequency is a multiple of the conventional chrominance subcarrier frequency embedded in the conventional baseband signal for the other channel.

Abstract: A color television receiver includes a comb filter responsive to detected video signals for providing a wideband combed chrominance signal, which is coupled to chrominance processing circuits via a composite filter including plural mutually interactive resonant sections. An input resonant section of the filter serves to remove very high frequency interference signals including comb filter switching components from the chrominance signal path, and also coacts with the other filter sections to provide an amplitude characteristic having a sense to compensate for an oppositely directed amplitude characteristic associated with the detected video signals, over the passband of the wideband chrominance signals.

Abstract: In a color TV receiver, a first digital signal of "m" bits represents high frequency component of combed luminance signal, and a second digital signal of "m" bits represents combed chrominance component. The "k" most significant bits of the first signal (where "k" is less than "m") are fed to respective inputs of a first "or" gate, while the "j" most significant bits of the second signal (where "j" is less than, or equal to, "m") are fed to respective inputs of a second "or" gate. The "or" gate outputs are fed, without delay difference, to inputs of a first "and" gate, and are fed, with a delay difference of 90.degree. at color subcarrier frequency, to inputs of a second "and" gate. Sequence recognition apparatus, responsive to the outputs of both "and" gates, develops a correlation indication in response to existence of predetermined sequences of outputs from one or both "and" gates.

Abstract: A frame comb filter system having circuitry to minimize motion-induced artifacts in the reproduced image includes a line comb filter to extract a relatively high frequency luminance correction signal from frame comb filtered chrominance signal. This luminance correction signal, however, includes undesirable signal components due to vertical chrominance transitions even in the absence of motion. The system therefore includes circuitry to selectively recombine the high frequency luminance correction signal with frame comb filtered luminance signal only when motion occurs.