Abstract: A MEMS device is provided. The MEMS device may include a first plate and a second plate defining a cavity with the first plate. The MEMS device may also include a first transducer configured to cause a first relative movement between the first and second plates and a second transducer configured to cause a second relative movement between the first and second plates.

Abstract: A light beam scanner irradiates surfaces of respective of different image carriers with respective of plural light beams having been subjected to constant angular velocity deflection by a deflecting member and constant velocity deflection by a transformation member. Any one of the plural light beams except a light beam incident on the deflecting member at a widest incident angle corresponds with an image formed of a color material which is lowest in lightness.

Abstract: An electro-optical device includes: a first optical panel having a pair of substrates with an electro-optical material interposed therebetween; a second optical panel that has a pair of substrates with an electro-optical material interposed therebetween, is disposed so as to overlap the first optical panel in plan view, and is smaller than the first optical panel in plan view; an illumination unit having a light source from which light is emitted and a light guiding member that is disposed between the first and second optical panels so as to make the light emitted from the light source incident on the first and second optical panels; and an optical absorber provided in a region other than a display area of the second optical panel between the first and second optical panels.

Abstract: An electrochromic device is usable for tuning and modulating infrared radiation in a spectral region comprising wavelengths between approximately 1 and 30 microns. This device comprises a plurality of thin films successively deposited on a substrate. The first of these films is a substrate electrode deposited on a suitably prepared substrate. A plurality of active layers comprising at least an electrochromic layer, an electrolyte layer and an ion storage layer and a substantially transparent metal layer are then preferably deposited on the substrate electrode. The preferred active layers are characterized by a transmittance that is selectively controllable by applying a voltage across the plurality of active layers.

Abstract: An electrochromic device is prepared by forming multiple layers of selected materials on a substrate in a vacuum processing chamber. A first of these layers is an electrode layer deposited directly on the substrate and used for making contact to a subsequently deposited precursor film, preferably tungsten oxide, from which an electrochromic layer is formed by lithium loading in the presence of ionized nitrogen. This not only forms the electrochromic layer by diffusion of the lithium into the tungsten oxide, but also forms a thin lithium nitride ion transfer layer on the then exposed surface. Subsequently, a lithium fluoro-nitride electrolyte layer is formed on the ion transfer layer by evaporation from a lithium fluoride source in the presence of ionized nitrogen. An ion storage layer, which may be a vanadium oxide and a transparent second electrode layer are subsequently vacuum deposited.

Abstract: An optical device includes a first optical element including an incidence plane on which light from an object is incident, the incidence plane being in contact with the surrounding environment; a main body having an inside and housing the first optical element such that the incidence plane and the inside of the main body are hermetically sealed; a second optical element provided in the main body, the second optical element receiving light from the first optical element; and an absorbent member provided in the main body. In the optical device, the absorbent member has a moisture absorptive capacity corresponding to at least an amount of water retention inside the main body.