Abstract: Tungstate solutions are purified by a precipitation process followed by two anion exchange processes to reduce molybdenum and arsenic impurity content. The precipitation involves acidification of the original highly basic tungstate solution to pH of 7 to 10 without addition of precipitating agents and separates out the bulk of impurities other than Mo, As. The first anion exchange process removes As. Then a remaining filtrate from the latter process is treated with sulfides to form thiomolybdates from impurity Mo content and the thiomolybdates are then separated out from the tungstate solution in a second anion exchange process.

Abstract: Microporous crystalline metallophosphate composition having an essential framework structure identified by the characteristic X-ray powder diffraction reflections given in Table I, and whose chemical composition in the calcined anhydrous form expressed in terms of mole ratios of oxides is: (M.sub.x Al.sub.y P.sub.z)O.sub.2 where M is silicon, x+y+z=1, and where x, y and z represent the mole fractions of silicon, aluminium and phosphorous present in the product, and where x may have a value from 0 to 0.5, y may have a value from 0.25 to 0.5 and z may have a value from 0.25 to 0.5. The invention also describes a method for preparing the products from a reaction mixture which includes both monovalent cations and fluoride.

Abstract: A carbon fiber material is substantially constituted by fiber agglomerates, having agglomerate sizes in a range of not less than 5 .mu.m and not more than 500 .mu.m, formed by vapor grown carbon fibers having a diameter of not less than 0.05 .mu.m and not more than 5 .mu.m, having a microstructure such that some fiber contact points are bonded together with substances produced by carbonizing carbonaceous matters. This carbon fiber material is used as a filler material to various matrices, and used also as an electrode material for making electrodes in batteries, especially in electric double-layer capacitors, and in secondary batteries, especially those based on lithium or lead.

Abstract: A process for dehydrogenating 1,4-butanediol to .gamma.-butyrolactone in the gas phase in the presence of a copper-containing catalyst, wherein the catalyst contains 4-40% by weight of copper and 0-5% by weight of Na.sub.2 O, based on the total weight of the catalyst, on a carrier consisting of 80-100% by weight of SiO.sub.2 and 0-20% by weight of CaO.

Abstract: A process for treating ores or rocks is provided. The process comprises (1) combining the ores or rocks with an acid passivating agent to produce a first combination; (2) contacting the first combination with an aqueous solution comprising (a) manganate ions or source thereof and (b) a base whereby a second combination is produced; and (3) maintaining the pH of the second combination at about 11 to about 13.5. The process can also comprise (1) contacting the ores or rocks with the aqueous solution to produce a third combination; (2) contacting the third combination with an acid passivating agent to produce a fourth combination; and (3) maintaining the pH of the fourth combination at about 11 to about 13.5. The process can be used to prevent acid rock drainage of metal-bearing rocks or to produce a pretreated ore or rock which can further be contacted with a lixiviating agent such as, for example, sodium cyanide to extract metals such as, for example, gold and silver from the pretreated ore or rock.

Abstract: A method of removing HMO.sub.2.sup.- anions from an aqueous silicate solution comprising contacting the solution with a cationic ion exchange resin, where M is manganese, zinc, copper, nickel, or a mixture thereof. The method is particularly applicable to solutions of sodium silicate or potassium silicate.