Abstract: An exposure method and apparatus for aligning a pattern of a mask with a pattern of a wafer is disclosed. and for transferring the pattern of the mask onto a resist layer formed on the surface of the wafer, wherein a portion of the resist layer on the wafer in the vicinity of an alignment mark formed on the wafer is exposed to light passed through a portion of the mask including an alignment mark formed on the mask, thereby to form a latent image of the alignment mark of the mask on the resist layer of the wafer, the latent image of the alignment mark of the mask formed on the resist layer of the wafer. The alignment mark formed on the wafer is detected so as to detect any positional deviation between the latent image and the alignment mark formed on the wafer. At least one of the mask and the wafer is displaced on the basis of the result of detection, and finally the resist layer of the wafer is exposed to light passed through a portion of the mask including the pattern.

Abstract: A copying machine has a cartridge loading hole for detachably receiving a cartridge for accommodating a roll of photosensitive sheet. The cartridge comprises a cylindrical core with the photosensitive sheet wound thereon, a rear flange secured to one end of the core in close contact with an one end face of the roll of photosensitive sheet for shielding light from the same, a cylindrical core cap secured to the other end of the core and having a lock pawl capable of elastic deformation, a cover flange for covering the other end face of the roll therewith, the cover flange having two grooves engaged with the lock pawl in close contact with the other end face of the roll at a first position and engaged with the lock pawl in a state separated from the other end face thereof at a second position by pushing the core relative to the cover flange. Thus, no exclusive casing is needed.

Abstract: In a copying machine provided with a recirculating document feeding apparatus (RDH), the time required for the overall copying operation is reduced. In the copying machine provided with the RDH, there are cases where the copying operation is started after the number of the documents is counted. Maximum transporting speed of the document in the copying operation is a speed determined in accordance with minimum copying magnification. However, since the transporting speed of the document be set higher than the speed determined in accordance with the minimum copying magnification, the time required for the counting operation can be reduced. Thereby, the time required for the overall copying operation can be reduced.

Abstract: A mounting assembly for a film drive unit used with photographic film printers. A mount base having a central aperture is adapted to be secured proximate the optical stage of a photographic printer. A pair of substantially parallel rails are attached to the mount base and oriented so as to lie substantially in the plane of the mount base. A pair of carrier blocks having upwardly projecting cradle portions are mounted for sliding movement on respective rails. An outwardly projecting keeper shaft is secured to the mount base and has a pair of keeper pins adapted to extend away from the shaft. A brace member supports a film drive assembly proximate the central aperture and has a pair of pins positioned on opposite sides so as to engage the cradle portions of corresponding carrier blocks. At least one spring-biased retaining element is disposed in the cradle portion of each carrier block.

Abstract: A film assemblage comprises a cassette shell having a film ingress/egress slot through which a leading section of a filmstrip coiled in a roll inside the shell may be moved outside the shell, and a pull-strip for engaging the leading section which can be manually pulled outwardly through the slot to similarly draw the leading section outside the shell. According to the invention, respective cooperating means are affixed to the shell and the pull-strip for constraining the pull-strip to be manually pulled around the exterior of the shell to draw the leading section of the filmstrip outwardly through the slot.

Abstract: A substrate holding apparatus for vertically holding a substrate to be exposed by radiation includes a substrate holding member for attracting a substrate by a magnetic force or vacuum and an engaging device for engaging the substrate on the substrate holding member. The engaging device is retractably supported by or fixed to the substrate holding member, and is engageable with or engages the substrate in such a manner that the engagement between the vertically held substrate and the engaging device is maintained even if the substrate holding member ceases to attract the substrate. Thus, dropping of the substrate by gravitation is prevented even if the substrate ceases to be attracted by the substrate holding member.

Abstract: A strip of exposed and developed film has a series of exposures and corresponding exposure identification numbers. The strip is conveyed through a scanning station on its way to a printing station. The exposures and identification numbers are scanned in the scanning station to produce output signals indicative of density changes. The signals are processed to generate groups of data which are combined into a data set. Each group includes the position of a respective exposure on the strip, the identification number for the exposure and the position of the identification number on the strip. Film transport is carried out in such a manner that scanning of the strip and processing of the resulting signals are completed before arrival of the strip at the printing station. A control unit uses the data set to position the exposures in the printing station and to print the exposures. The control unit also uses the data set to mark a copy of an exposure with the identification number of the exposure.

Abstract: The improved slit scanning exposure apparatus has a variable slit assembly that is provided in proximity with the exposing zone and which is composed of two slit plates movable independently of each other in synchronism with the scanning speed. The apparatus may additionally have a color filter that can be inserted into the optical path of reflected light from the image on a document in the scanning direction. The apparatus is capable of preventing flare from being admitted through an exposure slit to a light-sensitive material on the exposure position when it is being exposed from light reflected from the document image. In addition, the apparatus enables more than one document image to be edited into a single image and permits the color filter to be inserted into the optical path of reflected light without causing unevenness in colors.

Abstract: A compact real image zoom finder suitable for compact cameras, and the like whose zoom ratio is about 2. The zoom finder comprises: (a) an objective including four lens units having positive, negative, positive and negative refractive powers in order from an object side. The first and the fourth lens units are fixed and the second and the third lens units are moved to perform zooming; (b) a stationary field lens and; (c) a rotating assembly and an eyepiece combination.

Abstract: A projection type exposure apparatus and method comprising an exposure illumination light source, an exposure illumination system, a mask or reticle on which an original pattern to be projected on the exposed matter is drawn, an optical projection system, a stage for retaining the exposed matter and a mechanism for finely moving the stage along the exposure optical axis.

Abstract: Film cassette with a housing in which a film supply container and a film takeup container are provided in housing halves 11, 12 arranged side by side to receive an exposed and unexposed film, a cassette window mountable on the film guide surface of a motion picture camera, and a cassette drive. Between housing halves 11, 12, a turning loop device 2 is arranged in which the film is guided from one housing half 11 to the other housing half 12.

Abstract: A camera stabilizer which can be carried by the camera operator having three masses, one of which is a camera, maintained in positions separate from one another by a frame. Because the three masses are separated, the stabilizer has a high angular moment of inertia making the camera stabilizer less susceptible to unwanted movement. A handle is attached to the frame at approximately the center of gravity of the camera stabilizer and has a gripping axis parallel to the plane of a camera mount.

Abstract: A lithography system comprises an information gathering apparatus for gathering specific information set in each of plural exposure apparatus and variable according to operating conditions of each of the plural exposure apparatus in response to masks to be used in each of the plural exposure apparatus and substrates supplied thereto, or information obtained by measuring or evaluating the process state of a substrate processed by each of the plural exposure apparatus, independently from the control by a process control apparatus for controlling supply of the masks, supply of plural substrates to be exposed in each of the plural exposure apparatus, and operating conditions of each of the plural exposure apparatus in response to the masks and substrates supplied thereto.

Abstract: A photographic camera comprises a camera body having a front opening, a lens holder, and mounting means located inside the camera body for supporting the lens holder to move the lens holder through the front opening into and out of the camera body. The mounting means cooperates with the lens holder to form a single labyrinth which prevents ambient light that may enter the front opening substantially from reaching a film plane inside the camera body. According to the invention, covering means is arranged in surrounding relationship with the lens holder and extends through the front opening for cooperating with the lens holder to form a second labyrinth that augments the single labyrinth to further prevent ambient light from reaching the film plane.

Abstract: When an input reproduction scale m is equal to a value mla which lies in a reproduction scale section ml, rated moving speeds Ula and U2a corresponding to the reproduction scale m and a resonance point avoidance coefficient kl (=1) are read in, and practical moving speeds Vla (=kl.times.Ula=Ula) and V2a (=k1.times.U2a=U2a) of a holder 2 and a cylindrical drum 10 are determined with the above data. On the other hand, when the input reproduction scale m is equal to a value m2b which lies in another reproduction scale section m2, rated moving speeds Ulb and U2b corresponding to the reproduction scale m and a resonance point avoidance coefficient k2 (.noteq.1) are read in, and practical moving speeds Vlb (=k2.times.Ulb.noteq.U1b) and V2b (=k2.times.U2b.noteq.U2b) are determined with the above data.

Abstract: Apparatus for the soundproofing of moving picture cameras with a soundproof mounting of the camera skeleton supporting the parts of the camera mechanism which generate noise and vibrations in a camera housing, which has a lens holder, to which interchangeable lenses can be fastened, whereby for the soundproof mounting of the camera skeleton in the camera housing, there are several soundproofing connecting elements between the camera skeleton and the camera housing, at least some of which have a directional natural rigidity.

Abstract: Integrated process for three-dimensional taking, copying and reproducing of still and moving pictures, in which (a) the taking of still or moving three-dimensional pictures is done using conventional cameras which expose as many two-dimensional pictures as there are cameras, there are n cameras which are distributed in groups or supergroups, there being inserted between each two horizontal camera groups which have their optical axes mutually perpendicular a semitransparent plate forming 45.degree.

Abstract: Apparatus for providing a background having a desired color and/or pattern on photocopies made of bulky objects comprises a cover for placement between a platen of a photocopy machine and a bulky object, such as a book, to be photocopied. In the preferred embodiment, the cover comprises a clear, transparent, flexible envelope filled with a white liquid. The cover is placed on a platen of a photocopy machine, and a book to be photocopied is placed face-down on the cover. The weight of the book, or pressure applied on the book, forces the white liquid out of the area between the pages of the book to be photocopied and the platen, allowing the photocopy machine to "see" the page or pages to be photocopied against a white background. A photocopy reproduces the page on a white background, instead of the black background which is usually present in a photocopy, made without the cover, of a page of a book.

Abstract: A view finder of a camera includes a taking optical system, and a finder optical system which is separate from the taking optical system. The view finder has a normal photographic mode and a macro photographic mode. The finder optical system includes a field frame having a photographic field correcting mark at a close object distance in the normal photographic mode, and a variable power lens group for varying the magnification of the finder, so that the variable power lens group decreases the finder magnification in association with the shift from the normal photographic mode to the macro photographic mode.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for the chaotic filming of documents in which the latter are equipped with a first code, and then in unordered sequence are filmed with the application of a pulse code, wherein of the first code applied respectively on the documents fed for filming at least the address is detected and intermediately stored, the pulse code on the exposed film is detected and continuously added up, and the number corresponding to the image of the relevant document in the pulse code and the address of the first code are jointly stored as the image address.According to a first embodiment the documents are paged in unordered sequence and then filmed with the allocation of a blip pulse code. According to a second embodiment, documents are provided with the code allocated respectively by a computer, whereby the computer contains the code and optionally further information in store. The documents are then filmed in unordered sequence with the simultaneous application of a pulse code, using a camera.