Abstract: A gas probe starter for an electrodeless HID lamp includes a getter for removing gaseous impurities from the fill contained in the starting chamber of the gas probe starter. In a preferred embodiment, a metal foil having active getter material disposed on the surfaces thereof in the form of a sintered powder is inserted at an optimum location in the starting chamber which depends on the optimum operating temperature of the particular getter material.

Abstract: A planar type cold cathode for generating electron field emission which has a planar cold cathode having triangular convex portions and an anode confronting the triangular convex portions wherein each convex portion has a sharp tip end having a radius of curvature of 0.1 .mu.m or less. Also, a manufacturing method therefor is disclosed. In this method, sharp tip ends of the cold cathode are formed by using a normal etching technique.

Abstract: Two series connected high pressure sodium arc discharge tubes include a saturated arc tube and an unsaturated arc tube. When the saturated arc tube voltage shifts in value due to changes in operating conditions, the other unsaturated arc tube voltage does not shift to compensate for the voltage increase. Because the unsaturated arc tube voltage does not shift, the rate of voltage shift of the saturated arc tube is smaller in magnitude than otherwise would occur if both arc tubes were saturated.

Abstract: A low-wattage metal-halide discharge lamp has a tube of the double ended type that forms a bulb or envelope, a pair of electrodes, e.g., an anode and a cathode, which penetrate into an arc chamber inside the envelope, and a suitable amount of mercury plus one or more metal halide salts. The electrodes are each formed of a refractory metal, i.e., tungsten wire, extending through the respective necks into the arc chamber. Heat transfer along the tube wall and through the necks is controlled by designing the bulb wall so that the cross sectional areas at the necks and at quarter-chamber planes halfway between the necks and a midplane have a respective quarter chamber loading factor and a neck loading factor each within a desired range. Lamps of this design achieve high efficacy at relatively low power, i.e., below 40 watts.

Abstract: A special effect light bulb combines both cathode glow illumination with fluorescent illumination. A pair of plates respectively electrically connected to a pair of electrical lead wires jointly define a word, phrase or well-known symbol which is illuminated within an inert gas during operation of the light bulb. A third plate, having a fluorescent coating which is activated only by the ionized inert gas, is shaped in the form of a distinct symbol.

Abstract: A synchrotron radiation apparatus includes a linear accelerator for accelerating an injected electron beam to 20 MeV or less, an energy compaction system for reducing the energy width of an electron beam, an accumulation ring for permitting the high energy electrons output from the energy compaction system to be circulated therein, an injector for injecting high energy electrons into the accumulation ring, a plurality of deflection electromagnets disposed on the respective corner portions of the accumulation ring, for deflecting the high energy electrons from the injector by a preset angle so as to cause the high energy electrons to be circulated in the accumulation ring, and a plurality of beam lines for guiding to a predetermined position, emission light emitted from the accumulation ring when the high energy electrons are circulated in the accumulation ring at a high speed.

Abstract: A planar discharge type PDP in which all of the electrodes are formed on one substrate. Auxiliary and display anodes, first and second dielectric layers and display cathodes are formed in intersecting strips in substantially parallel planes. The second dielectric layer is provided with a light shielding plate to achieve a PDP in which auxiliary and display discharge both occur in a single cell, has increased luminance and efficiency of light transmission, and yields an increased lifetime for the phosphor layer of a color PDP.

Abstract: The invention relates to a high-pressure sodium discharge lamp which under nominal operating conditions radiates white light with a maximum color rendering index R.sub.a of more than 80. Since the wall load is above 80 W/cm.sup.2 under nominal operating conditions, a color temperature T.sub.c of at least 2800.degree. K. can be achieved with a luminous efficacy of more than 40 lm/W.

Abstract: A plasma display panel (PDP) driven by a pulse memory type driving method. In the PDP, a display anode array is arranged on the inner surface of a rear plate to increase the effective light emission area, and a path of charged gas particles from an auxiliary cell to a display cell is formed along the rear plate to enhance the contrast ratio. As a result, high brightness and high contrast ratio can be obtained.

Abstract: A flashbulb having an increased energy density. The composition of the hard glass of the flashbulb is selected such that the components thereof that volatilize easily during a discharge of the flashbulb are at least partially emitter substances that reduce the work function at the cathode member.

Abstract: A coiled-coil incandescent body (5) of an electric incandescent lamp has a single coil intermediate portion (12) extending axially in the lamp vessel (1) and surrounded by a support member (20). The support member comprises an open ring (21) with ends (22, 23) defining a gap (24). Portions (25, 26) of these ends (22, 23) extend towards the axis (2) and have bent end portions (27, 28) which are inserted into secondary turns (13, 14) of the incandescent body (5). The support member (20) cannot be shifted along the incandescent body (5).

Abstract: An arc discharge device is formed by two electrodes which are hermetically sealed within a glass tube filled with an inert gas. One electrode is cup shaped, with an open end. The other electrode enters the open end and approaches the bottom of the cup shape. The distance are such that the arc discharge occurs between the bottom of the cup and the end of the other electrode. The side wall of the cup shields the arc.

Abstract: A low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp is composed of a glass tube which has a discharge passage having two end portions arranged in the same direction, a folded portion in the direction opposite the portions, a pair of electrodes provided between the portions and amalgam provided in an end portion and for controlling the mercury vapor pressure. The tube has a configuration such that a low temperature region is formed in an inner face of the tube adjacent to the folded portion when the lamp is turned on in the state where the folded portion is oriented in a direction where it is affected by gravity, whereas, the low temperature region is formed in an inner face of the tube other than the folded portion when the lamp is turned on in the state that the folded portion is oriented in a direction where it is not affected by gravity, at a room temperature.

Abstract: A photomultiplier tube comprising a photocathode (10), focusing electrodes (12, 12') and a fast multiplier structure (20) having a large input surface relative to the photocathode and comprising at least one input dynode (21). According to the invention, said photomultiplier tube comprises, between the photocathode (10) and said focusing multiplier structure (20), a first multiplier stage (30) comprising, in succession and viewed from the assembly consisting of the photocathode (10) and the focusing electrodes (12, 12'), a grid (31), a first multiplier dynode (32) of the apertured-plate type, and an extracting grid (33) having the same pattern as said first multiplier dynode (32), the output of the extracting grid (33) being coupled to said input dynode (21) of the multiplier pattern by means of a focusing electrode (40).

Abstract: The high-pressure discharge lamp has around the discharge vessel an inner sheath of quartz glass and an outer sheath of aluminosilicate glass. An interference filter reflecting UV radiation is present between the discharge vessel and the outer sheath. The light emitted by the lamp thus satisfies the conventional standards regarding radiation for lamps operated in open luminaires.

Abstract: An electrodeless high intensity discharge lamp having an excitation coil disposed about an arc tube includes thermal apparatus for ensuring that a metal halide condensate forms a protective film on the portion of the arc tube which is nearest the plasma arc discharge during lamp operation. For a short, cylindrical arc tube, the thermal apparatus comprises a heat shield situated on the top and/or bottom thereof. In one embodiment, the bottom of the arc tube is concave to ensure that the condensate does not collect on the bottom of the arc tube. The excitation coil may be situated sufficiently close to the arc tube to ensure that enough heat is removed from the side wall of the arc tube to a heat sink so that the protective metal halide film forms on the inner surface of the arc tube wall. An outer glass envelope is preferably situated between the arc tube and the excitation coil, which envelope also functions to remove heat from the arc tube side wall.

Abstract: An indirectly heated type cathode assembly comprises a cathode sleeve having a heater within itself and having an emitter-impregnated type cathode disc fitted at one end, a plurality of straps connected at one end to a lower end portion of the cathode sleeve, and a cylinder holder whose upper end is connected to the other end of each strap, the holder being located outside the cathode sleeve such that it is spaced a predetermined distance apart from the cathode sleeve. A heat reflecting cylinder is located between the cathode sleeve and the holder of the indirectly heated type cathode assembly such that it is coaxial with the cathode sleeve and holder. The heat reflecting cylinder is supported by the holder and each strap extends such that it is not in contact with the heat reflecting cylinder. The strap is made of a Ta-W alloy or a Ta-W-Hf alloy.

Abstract: An in-line type electron gun for a cathode ray tube includes a cathode, a control grid, a screen grid, and a main lens including a final focus electrode and an anode forming a major lens, at least one of the focus electrode and anode including a first member with three independent beam passing holes disposed at a beam passing plane thereof and a second member with a common beam passing hole disposed at a beam passing plane thereof, the beam passing planes being separated from each other by a fixed distance. According to the present invention, electron beam control errors originating from manufacturing errors can be reduced to a great degree. The electron gun of the present invention is simple and convenient to manufacture with a low product defect rate.

Abstract: A light-emitting diode lamp comprises a cathode wire having a cup lined with a metal foil formed in its head end, an anode wire parallel to the cathode wire and having a flattened head end lined with a metal foil, a light-emitting diode seated in the cup and connected to the anode with a thin connecting wire, the entire assembly being potted in a transparent material. A leadframe for assembly of LED lamps comprises a pair of elongated strips and a plurality of wire pairs attached to the strips, each wire pair having an anode wire having a layer of metal foil welded to its head end and a cathode wire having a metal foil-lined cup in its head end. A method for preparing wires for leadframe assembly is also described.

Abstract: A direct heating cathode includes an emitter for emitting electrons and a generally W shaped heater connected at opposite ends to terminals having a flat portion on which the emitter is mounted, bent portions at opposite sides of the flat portion, and an upwardly projected shoulder portion in the vicinity of each of the ends of the heater. Each of the bent portions of the heater includes two oppositely directed bends between the flat portion and the proximate heater end. The cathode structure elevates the temperature of the cathode at the position of the emitter, reducing power consumption and improving start-up speed, operational stability, and life expectancy.