Abstract: The invention is a real-time takeoff and landing performance monitoring system which provides the pilot with graphic and metric information to assist in decisions related to achieving rotation speed (V.sub.R) within the safe zone of the runway or stopping the aircraft on the runway after landing or take off - abort. The system processes information in two segments: a pretakeoff segment and a real-time segment. One-time inputs of ambient conditions and airplane configuration information are used in the pretakeoff segment to generate scheduled performance data. The real-time segment uses the scheduled performance data, runway length data and transducer measured parameters to monitor the performance of the airplane throughout the takeoff roll. A novel and important feature of this segment is that it updates the estimated runway rolling friction coefficient. Airplane performance predictions also reflect changes in headwind occuring as the takeoff roll progresses.

Abstract: An electrochromic data recording device such as a disc including at least one electrochromic zone (4) in and as a part of an electrical cell (2, 4, 5, 6, 7) for selectively supplying and withdrawing guest atoms to and from the zone to produce an optical change in the zone, the cell being substantially inoperable at a first temperature but being operable at a temperature elevated with respect to the first temperature by virtue of the mobility of current carrying ions in a component of the cell which are appropriately temperature dependent. The device can be written on by laser heating the device locally to allow current to pass to produce a local optical effect and can be read by a laser and photodector in combination. Further, the device can be erased by being heated sufficiently to become conductive.

Abstract: This invention teaches electrochromic bismuth oxide as a new electrochromic material. An electrochromic device is constructed from this material by forming a cathodic electrochromic device. A fast ion conductor is also provided which is capable of generating ions when an electric field is applied thereto. The fast ion conductor also permits ion movement therethrough while prohibiting electron movement therethrough. The fast ion conductor and the electrochromic bismuth oxide are arranged between an anode and a cathode to form an electrochromic device. Preferably, the bismuth oxide is in the form of a layer and that layer is positioned next to the cathode to form a cathodic electrochromic device which can generate a dark gray color.

Abstract: A method of forming a thin film of an electrochromic material is disclosed. The method involves coating an acidic solution containing monomeric aniline and effective amounts of an oxidant and a catalyst on the surface on which the electrochromic film is to be formed. The monomeric aniline polymerizes in situ on the surface to from the electrochromic film.

Abstract: In accordance with the invention, the mounting position of a throttle opening sensor is adjusted in such a manner that the output voltage of the sensor attains a value a value of V.sub.100 at a throttle opening of 100%. When execution of the system program starts, V.sub.0 is stored in memory as initialized voltage data at a throttle opening of 0%. A throttle opening .theta..alpha. corresponding to sensed voltage data V.alpha. is calculated in an arithmetic unit in accordance with the following equation: ##EQU1## The throttle opening - output voltage characteristic may change due to an error in mounting the throttle opening sensor, a change in the length of the throttle cable caused by a temperature variation, or a change in resistance value caused by aging. If such is the case and a voltage V'.sub.0 greater than the previously stored voltage V.sub.O prevailing at the throttle opening of 0% is sensed, then V'.sub.0 is stored in memory as new voltage data corresponding to the throttle opening of 0%.

Abstract: A Faraday rotator for rotating a plane of polarization of polarized light, said Faraday rotator having an optical element comprising a rod which is comprised of an optically transmitting composition comprising from about 15 wt. % to about 50 wt. % germanium, from about 5 wt. % to about 20 wt. % arsenic, and from about 30 wt. % to about 80 wt. % selenium. This Faraday rotator is especially useful in an optical isolator for preventing feedback of transmitted light waves.

Abstract: A self-actuating keyless chuck for use with a reversible powered driver is disclosed. The chuck comprises a body which carries a rotatable split nut and a plurality of slidable jaws driven by the rotatable nut. A sleeve member is rotatably connected to the body and carries an impact ring provided with a first impact dog. A second impact dog is associated with the split nut. Spring means are provided to bias the first impact dog toward engagement with the second impact dog whereby the jaws will be tightened or loosened whenever the rotation of the sleeve is restrained and the powered driver is actuated.

Abstract: A rotary tool for outer working of rotation-symmetrical workpieces has a cutting head formed as a hollow body having a side wall and a groove, a cutting device arranged in the groove of the side wall, and a guide for a workpiece, provided at an inner side of the cutting head at least in the region of the cutting device.

Abstract: In chucking, a workpiece is clamped while drawn to the chuck body for positive contact of the workpiece to stoppers, whereby a degree of machining accuracy is remarkably improved.

Abstract: This invention teaches an electrochromic device in which an electrochromic layer is positioned between two electrodes. The electrochromic layer comprises an inorganic based bulk material supporting electrochromic particles and ion producing particles in fixed but generally distributed positions therewithin. The bulk material permits migration of ions produced by the ion producing particles to and from the electrochromic particles upon change in voltage between the first and second electrodes. The bulk material also prohibits the passage of electrons therethrough when a voltage is applied between the first electrode and the second electrode, whereby an electric field is built up between the first and second electrodes which causes migration of the ions. A preferred method of making a material which can form an electrochromic layer is also disclosed.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring the refractive index of liquid particularly suitable for use in an ink-jet printing system is provided. The apparatus includes a light emitting diode and a photodiode which are optically coupled by an optical fiber which in turn is partly immersed in a liquid to be measured. In one aspect, the wavelength of light emitted from the light emitting diode is so set to be outside a light absorption wavelength range of the liquid to be measured. In another aspect, provision is made of a temperature dependent resistor which changes its electrical resistance depending on the temperature of the liquid to be measured so as to vary the level of the driving current to be applied to the light emitting diode thereby varying the amount of light to be emitted.

Abstract: A chuck mounting arrangement includes a chuck mounting unit fixed to the head of a spindle of a lathe and having a plurality of jaws and a scroll plate for radialy moving the jaws inwardly and outwardly. A power chuck selected from various types is inserted into the chuck mounting unit so that its adaptor will be clamped by the jaws. The scroll plate is then turned manually to move the jaws inwardly into engagement with the recessed portion formed at the rear of the adaptor. Thus the power chuck is fastened to the spindle. A drawbar mounted in the hollow spindle is provided at its front end with a joint member having its front end splitted into a plurality of joint pieces which are adapted to spread open when moving forward with their own resilience and to be pushed inwardly by a clamping sleeve provided therearound when being retracted. When the power chuck is fixed to the spindle by the chuck mounting unit, the joint pieces grip a chuck control shaft projecting from the rear end of the power chuck.

Abstract: An optical element comprises a pair of plates between which an optical modulation liquid layer is sandwiched, the optical modulation liquid layer exhibiting a light scattering property caused by suspension of fine particle polymer when heated and exhibiting transparency caused by dissolution of fine particle polymer when not heated, the change of such light scattering property to transparency being reversible.

Abstract: The invention relates to a nonglaring mirror which is an electrochromic (EC) device in principle. The mirror comprises a transparent front substrate provided with a transparent first electrode layer, a back substrate provided with a second electrode layer opposite to the first electrode layer, first and second EC layers formed on the first and second electrode layers, respectively, an electrolyte liquid which fills up the space between the two substrates and reflecting means for providing a reflective surface to the second substrate. The material of the first EC layer is an organic polymer which is colorless or very pale in color in its electrochemically reduced state and undergoes electrochemical oxidation in two stages to assume a characteristic color in the first-stage oxidized state and another color in the second-stage oxidized state, and intermediate colors in intermediately oxidized states.

Abstract: Herein disclosed is a window having a dimming function. This dimming window comprises: a transparent plate having a generally rectangular shape; a plurality of solid electrochromic elements extending in the longitudinal direction of a pair of opposed sides of the transparent plate; and a controller for controlling the electrochromic elements independently of one another.

Abstract: Durable thin film ion conducting coatings are formed on a transparent glass substrate by the controlled deposition of the mixed oxides of lithium:tantalum or lithium:niobium. The coatings provide durable ion transport sources for thin film solid state storage batteries and electrochromic energy conservation devices.

Abstract: This invention teaches uncolored copper oxide as a new electrochromic material. An electrochromic device is constructed from this material by forming either an anodic electrochromic device or a cathodic electrochromic device. A fast ion conductor is also provided which is capable of generating ions when an electric field is applied thereto. The fast ion conductor also permits ion movement therethrough while prohibiting electron movement therethrough. The fast ion conductor and the uncolored copper oxide are arranged between an anode and a cathode to form an electrochromic device. Preferably, the copper oxide is in a layer next to one of the electrodes. If the copper oxide layer is next to the cathode, the device is a cathodic device which can generate a blue color. If the copper oxide layer is next to the anode, the device is an anodic device and can be operated to produce either a pink or a green color depending upon the amount of voltage applied between the anode and the cathode.

Abstract: This invention pertains to a head stock assembly for a chucker and bar machine which includes a special bearing system comprising three forward bearings and two rearward bearings for providing five point contacts to the spindle for maintaining stiffness and rigidity and improved accuracy in machining. It also includes cooling fin means for dissipating the heat about the bearings which would normally build up in a headstock after long periods of operation. The heat dissipation reduces growth of the headstock and therefore improves accuracy. In addition, the headstock assembly has mounted directly thereon a spindle encoder, a brake disc, a collet closer mechanism, a balancing disc, as well as a low pressure means for preventing cutting fluids and dust and dirt from entering into the bearing mechanism.

Abstract: A near bandgap radiation modulation spatial light modulator (NBRM SLM) using multiple quantum wells (MQWs) is disclosed. Generally, the MQW NBRM SLM of the present invention comprises a MQW optical modulator and driver means for driving the MQW optical modulator. The MQW NBRM SLMs of the present invention can be configured in a plurality of configurations. The driver and MQW optical modulator may be configured in hybrid or monolithic configurations. The MQW optical modulator can be operated in either transverse or longitudinal electric field modes. The MQW NBRM SLM structures can be operated using either electroabsorption or electrorefraction effects, and in transmissive or reflective modes. The structures are operable with different addressing and write-in mechanisms, including photoactivation and electronic addressing. Alternate embodiments have special features such as cascaded heterojunction MQWs and pixelized submicron metal mirror.

Abstract: An electrochromic device, comprising, a first transparent electrode, an electrochromic layer, a macromolecular solid electrolyte layer and a second electrode, each applied successively is disclosed. The electrochromic device is characterized in that the macromolecular solid electrolyte layer is a plasma polymerization film which includes a hydrocarbon compound, an alkali metal and an element having large electronegativity. An electrochromic device, comprising, a transparent electrode, an electrochromic material made from an organic material of the ion injection type, an ionic conductor layer, and a second electrode, each applied successively is disclosed. The electrochromic layer is a film which is made with a plasma polymerization process of a phthalocyanine compound under the supply of carrier gas at a low frequency between 1 kHz and 3 MHz of alternating electric field.