Abstract: In a combination crystallization/xylene isomerization process for producing para-xylene crystals, the recovery section is modified to accommodate crystallizing and separating para-xylene crystals at two different temperatures (a higher temperature followed by a lower temperature). The benefit is a reduction in the overall energy cost of the process.

Abstract: Methylene chloride cannot be completely separated from n-pentane by conventional distillation or rectification because of the minimum boiling azeotrope. Methylene chloride can be readily separated from n-pentane by extractive distillation. Typical effective agents are 2-pentanone, isopropyl acetate or methanol.

Abstract: Processes are disclosed for the adsorption and isomerization of paraffinic hydrocarbons wherein an absorption cycle is employed that utilizes a non-adsorbable purge gas for regenerating the adsorber beds, which cycle includes adsorption, regeneration and void space purging steps and wherein one of said void space purging steps comprises passing an adsorber feed to the adsorber bed to purge non-adsorbable purge gas from the void space and said step is continued until at least a portion of the non-adsorbed hydrocarbons in the adsorber feed elutes from the void space of the adsorber bed. Processes are further disclosed for sulfur and/or ammonia-containing feeds that employ additional conversion and adsorption zones to prevent the sulfur and/or ammonia compounds from contacting the isomerization catalyst. The products from the processes are useful as motor fuel blending components.

Abstract: The invention refers to a process for the obtainment of a catalyst useful in the isomerization of light paraffins, fundamentally based on acid treatment of a synthetic mordenite at temperatures between 40.degree. and 100.degree. C. followed by treatment with steam-air at temperatures between 300.degree. and 600.degree. C. which make it possible to optimize the SiO.sub.2 /Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 framework ratio and the amount of extraframework aluminum of the zeolite. The mordenite thus obtained is mixed with an inorganic refractory oxide such as Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 and a metal of group VIII, basically Pt, is added in an amount between 0.1 and 0.5% by weight referred to the final catalyst.The catalyst has been tested in the isomerization of light refinery fractions (C.sub.5 and C.sub.6) and has a high activity and selectivity of branched isomers with a low production of gases and a high octane number for the light gasoline obtained.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of olefins from light paraffins. Specifically, the present invention relates to a process for the production of olefins from ethane, propane, butane, isobutane, pentane and isopentane, preferably utilizing moderate or high activity dehydrogenation catalysts at kinetic residence times of from about 0.1 to about 2.0 seconds, and at temperatures of from about 900.degree. F. to about 1600.degree. F. The present invention further relates to the production of an olefin from its corresponding paraffin, and a process for the production of a mixture of olefins.

Abstract: A continuous process is described for contacting an olefins-containing feed gas stream, freed of CO.sub.2 and sulfur compounds, in a front-end heat-pumped depropanizer to remove the C.sub.

Abstract: A process is provided for transaralkylating a class of starting compounds comprised of aryl-substituted lower alkanes and aryl-substituted fused alkylene ring compounds to produce derivatives of such compounds wherein benzyl substituents thereof have different alkyl substituents compared to the starting compounds. The process is carried out by admixing such a starting compound with a lower alkyl-substituted aromatic compound under liquid phase conditions in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of a Friedel-Crafts catalyst. The process makes possible new and economical routes for synthesizing desired lower alkyl-substituted benzyl group containing compounds, such as 2,2-di(lower alkyl-substituted) phenyl propanes and 1,3,3-trimethyl-1-(lower alkyl-substituted)-phenyl indans. Thus, there is provided a three-step process for making dixylylpropane from alpha methyl styrene and also a two-step process for making 1,3,3,6-tetramethyl-1-o-xylyl indan from alpha-4-dimethyl styrene.

Abstract: Chloromethyl chlorosulfate (CMCS) is used as a passive film growth inhibitor in electrochemical cells to minimize voltage delay and low-voltage discharge. Film growth on lithium anodes is significantly diminished when CMCS is added to SOCl.sub.2 and SO.sub.2 Cl.sub.2 electrolytes of lithium batteries. The CMCS also has the effect of extending the shelf-life of Li/SOCl.sub.2 and Li/SO.sub.2 Cl.sub.2 batteries.

Abstract: A selective absorption process for separating C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 alkenes (in particular ethylene) from C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkanes with a liquid extractant comprising dissolved copper(I) compound(s), in particular dissolved Cu(I) hydrocarbonsulfonate(s), is carried out in a one-column operation, wherein an overhead product is withdrawn which contains alkene(s) at a lower concentration than the feed, a side product is withdrawn which contains alkene(s) at a higher concentration than the feed, and a bottoms stream is withdrawn which contains primarily the liquid extractant.

Abstract: A method for refining liquified petroleum gases so that gases can be treated to reduce odor, olefins, moisture and wherein side reactions are minimized to produce stable aerosol by multistage liquid-liquid extraction of the aerosol using electrolyte solutions at controlled pH, chemically treating, drying and finishing by using molecular sieves and metal sulfides.

Abstract: A method for separating conjunct polymers and sulfolane from a mixture containing conjunct polymers, sulfolane, and hydrofluoric acid is disclosed, which method comprises the sequential steps of separating hydrofluoric acid from said mixture to provide an intermediate stream containing less than about 30 percent hydrofluoric acid by weight and gravitationally separating said intermediate stream into a sulfolane-enriched stream and a conjunct polymer-enriched stream.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a lithium secondary battery provided with a positive electrode having vanadium peroxide as an active material, a negative electrode having niobium pentoxide doped with lithium as an active material, and an electrolyte of an organic solvent in which a lithium salt is dissolved. A corrosion-resistant metal powder is used as a conductive material in the negative electrode. In addition, a corrosion-resistant metal may be used as a current collector of the negative electrode. This battery is excellent in charging and discharging cycle characteristics and storage life, is superior in moldability of the negative electrode composition and can be mass-produced.

Abstract: A process for the reductive dehalogenation of halogenated aromatics. The process comprises reacting halogenated aromatics with sodium or calcium in the presence of a lower alcohol selected from the group comprising methanol, ethanol or isopropanol and mixtures thereof in order to convert the halogenated aromatics to hydrogenated aromatics. The halogenated aromatics are preferably reacted with sodium in the presence of methanol under reaction conditions whereby said sodium is in molten form. The preferred starting sodium/methanol/halogen molar ratio ranges from 30-40/15-20/1. The process is particularly useful for dechlorinating polychlorinated biphenyl found in electrical transformer oil.

Abstract: An improved method and apparatus for the safe handling of alkylation catalyst. The method and apparatus comprises a process vessel which serves a dual function of storing alkylation catalyst and of recontacting alkylation hydrocarbon product with alkylation catalyst. Alkylate product is passed through an eductor-mixer device which intimately mixes alkylate with catalyst. This mixture flows into the dual function recontacting vessel where a phase separation of the catalyst and alkylation hydrocarbon product takes place. Conduits are provided to connect the process reactor, cooling heat exchanger, settler, and interconnecting piping so as to allow the quick release of pressure from the combination storage-recontacting vessel and subsequent draining of catalyst into the vessel by use of gravitational force.

Abstract: The hydroprocessing of heavy oils is improved by the use of a high activity slurry catalyst prepared by sulfiding an aqueous Group VIB metal compound with a gas containing hydrogen sulfide to a dosage greater than 8 SCF of hydrogen sulfide per pound of Group VIB metal. After introducing the slurry catalyst into the heavy oil, and subjecting the mixture to elevated temperatures and partial pressures of hydrogen, the mixture is treated in a fixed or ebullated bed of hydrodesulfurization/hydrodemetalation catalyst under hydroprocessing conditions.

Abstract: This invention is concerned with a process for separating isomers of disubstituted benzenes, wherein a mixture of isomers of disubstituted benzenes is contacted with a substituted cyclodextrin to form inclusion complexes, and desired isomers are recovered therefrom in a highly selective manner. The invention also provides substituted cyclodextrins suited for use in the process. Substituted cyclodextrins used in the process can be recovered and used repeatedly.

Abstract: An adsorption process for separating the high octane components, including multi-branched paraffins and isopentane of a C.sub.5 -C.sub.6 isomerate from lower octane monobranched and normal paraffin components by contacting the isomerate with an X zeolite exchanged with a mixture of at least two cations from Group II-A. The adsorbed low octane components are preferably desorbed with a desorbent selected from the group consisting essentially of isooctane, 2,2,3-trimethyl pentane, 2,2,4-trimethyl pentane, 2,3,4-trimethyl pentane, 1,2-dimethyl cyclohexane, 2,2-dimethyl hexane, 2,2-dimethyl octane, 3-ethyl hexane, 2,2,4-trimethyl hexane and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A process for the separation and recovery of the products stream resulting from the dehydrogenation of dehydrogenatable hydrocarbons which process utilizes an integrated system for the recovery of liquid olefin product by the use of a compression system, a pressure swing adsorption unit and a chiller system to concentrate the olefin product.

Abstract: A process for the regeneration of oxygenate containing adsorbents uses regenerant streams such as LPG and isomerate products for the desorption of oxygenate compounds. The process discloses arrangements for the integration of regenerant treatment into the adsorption scheme and for the enhancement of the isomerate product. The integrated flowscheme can be used to remove sulfur and water from contaminated regenerants or to deliver the oxygenates into the gasoline pool.

Abstract: In the process flow scheme for chromatographically separating para-xylene from C.sub.8 isomers containing substantial amounts of C.sub.9 aromatic hydrocarbon impurities with BaX or KY zeolite adsorbent and heavy desorbents, e.g., tetralin and diethyltoluene, a bottoms stream from the extract fractionation column containing desorbent is recycled to the separation unit and a sidecut stream, containing C.sub.9 aromatic hydrocarbon impurities and a minor amount of the desorbent from the raffinate stream, is directed to the raffinate fractionation column, thereby removing C.sub.9 aromatic hydrocarbons from the desorbent before recycling the desorbent to the separation unit, and preventing C.sub.9 aromatics from building up in the desorbent input. A fractionator for the extract column bottoms stream is eliminated, lowering capital costs, and energy requirements for the raffinate column are reduced.