Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of compounds of the formula ##STR1## characterized in that the radical X in sulphones of the formulaX--(CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --O).sub.m --(CH.sub.2).sub.n --SO.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 OH (2)is replaced by ##STR2## or a compound of the formula ##STR3## is added to the sulphone of the formulaCH.sub.2 =CH--SO.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --OH (3),the substituents having the meanings given in the description.

Abstract: Sulfonated phosphines of the formula ##STR1## in which R is cyclohexyl or alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, M is hydrogen, alkyl substituted ammonium, aryl substituted-ammonium, monovalent metal, or the chemical equivalent of a polyvalent metal, x is 1, 2, or 3 and n is 0 or 1. These compounds are obtained by sulfonation of the non-sulfonated parent substances with oleum or an anhydrous mixture of sulfuric acid and orthoboric acid.

Abstract: A process is provided for the preparation of .alpha.-tocopherol. According to the process, a condensation reaction between trimethylhydroquinone and a specific phytol derivative or isophytol is conducted in the presence of any one of the following solvents:(i) a carbonate ester,(ii) a lower fatty acid ester represented by the following formula:R.sup.1 COOR.sup.2wherein R.sup.1 means a lower alkyl group having 1-4 carbon atoms and R.sup.2 means a lower alkyl group having 1-5 carbon atoms with the proviso that methyl acetate and ethyl acetate are excluded;(iii) a mixed solvent of a nonpolar solvent and a lower alcohol having 1-5 carbon atoms; and(iv) a mixed solvent of the nonpolar solvent and the lower fatty acid ester.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a 1,2-diacetoxy ester comprises acetylation of an epoxide with an acetic anhydride in the presence of a quaternary phosphonium acetate catalyst or its complex with acetic acid.

Abstract: Described are novel reversible photochromic 2H-naphtho[1,2-b] pyran compounds, examples of which are compounds having certain substituents at the number 5 carbon atom of the naphtho-portion of the naphthopyran and at the 2-position of the pyran ring. Certain substituents may also be present at the number 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 carbon atoms of the naphtho portion of the naphthopyran. Also described are organic host materials that contain or that are coated with such compounds. Articles such as ophthalmic lenses or other plastic transparencies that incorporate the novel naphthopyran compounds or combinations thereof with complementary photochromic compounds, e.g., spiro(indoline) type compounds, are also described.

Abstract: Described are novel reversible photochromic 2H-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran compounds, examples of which are compounds having certain substituents at the number 5 carbon atom of the naphtho-portion of the naphthopyran and at the 2-position of the pyran ring. Certain substituents may also be present at the number 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 carbon atoms of the naphtho portion of the naphthopyran. Also described are organic host materials that contain or that are coated with such compounds. Articles such as ophthalmic lenses or other plastic transparencies that incorporate the novel naphthopyran compounds or combinations thereof with complementary photochromic compounds, e.g., spiro(indoline) type compounds, are also described.

Abstract: Certain aminomethyl-benzodioxanes and benzopyrans are useful serotonergic agents. They possess anxiolytic properties with few of the side effects often associated with dopaminergic agents.

Abstract: Described are novel reversible photochromic 2H-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran compounds, examples of which are compounds having certain substituents at the number 5 carbon atom of the naphtho portion of the naphthopyran and at the 2-position of the pyran ring. Certain substituents may also be present at the number 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 carbon atoms of the naphtho portion of the naphthopyran. Also described are organic host materials that contain or that are coated with such compounds. Articles such as ophthalmic lenses or other plastic transparencies that incorporate the novel naphthopyran compounds or combinations thereof with complementary photochromic compounds, e.g., spiro(indoline) type compounds, are also described.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## where W is (CH.sub.2).sub.n where n is 1 or 2, or n is 0 and W represents lower alkyl groups attached to each oxygen;m is an integer between 1 and 8;R.sub.1 is COOH or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, COOR.sub.4, CONR.sub.5 R.sub.6, CONR.sub.5 SO.sub.2 R.sub.7, CH.sub.2 OH, CH.sub.2 OR.sub.7, CH.sub.2 O--COR.sub.7, CH.sub.2 O--CONR.sub.5 R.sub.7, CH.sub.2 OCOOR.sub.7, CH.sub.2 NH.sub.2, CH.sub.2 NR.sub.5 R.sub.6, CH.sub.2 NR.sub.5 COR.sub.7, CHO, CH(OR.sub.8).sub.2, CH(OR.sub.9 O), --COR.sub.10, CR.sub.10 (OR.sub.8).sub.2, or CR.sub.10 OR.sub.9 O, where R.sub.4 is an alkyl group of 1 to 10 carbons, or a cycloalkyl group of 5 to 10 carbons, or R.sub.4 is phenyl or lower alkylphenyl, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 independently are hydrogen, an alkyl group of 1 to 10 carbons, or a cycloalkyl group of 5 to 10 carbons, or phenyl or lower alkylphenyl, R.sub.7 is alkyl of 1 to 10 carbons, phenyl or lower alkylphenyl, R.sub.8 is lower alkyl, and R.sub.

Abstract: Described are novel reversible photochromic 2H-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran compounds, examples of which are compounds fused on the naphtho-portion of the naphthopyran ring with an indeno group or certain heterocyclic substituents. Certain substituents are also present at the 2 and 5 positions and sometimes at the 6 position of the naphthopyran ring. Also described are organic host materials that contain or that are coated with such compounds. Articles such as ophthalmic lenses or other plastic transparencies that incorporate the novel naphthopyran compounds or combinations thereof with complementary photochromic compounds, e.g., spiro(indoline) type compounds, are also described.

Abstract: Sterically hindered phenols of formula (1) are disclosed. These antioxidants are suitable for enhancing the thermal and photochemical stability of undyed and dyed polyamide fibre materials. They are distinguished by superior exhaustion which is almost independent of the pH.

Abstract: Described are novel reversible photochromic 2H-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran compounds, examples of which are compounds having certain substituents at the 5 and 6-positions of the naphtho portion of the naphthopyran and at the 2-position of the pyran ring, e.g., 2,2-bis(4-methoxy phenyl)-5-methoxycarbonyl-6-morpholino-2H-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran. Certain substituents may also be present at the number 7, 8, 9 or 10 carbon atoms of the naphtho portion of the naphthopyran. Also described are organic host materials that contain or that are coated with such compounds. Articles such as ophthalmic lenses or other plastic transparencies that incorporate the novel naphthopyran compounds or combinations thereof with complementary photochromic compounds, e.g., spiro(indoline) type compounds, are also described.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of a fluorinated sulphonic acid compound by hydrolysis of a corresponding fluorinated sulphonyl fluoride, wherein the hydrolysis is carried out in the presence of a tertiary amine, comprising steps of recovering a mixture of a salt of hydrolysed fluorinated sulphonyl fluoride with the tertiary amine and an ammonium fluoride salt of the tertiary amine;reacting the salt mixture with a sulphonyl compound of the general formula R--SO.sub.2 X, whereinR=an alkyl group, Cl, F;andX=Br, Clthereby exchanging fluoride of the ammonium fluoride salt in the mixture with the X atom of the sulphonyl compound and converting the sulphonyl compound to a sulphonyl fluoride; anddistilling off the sulphonyl fluoride from the reacted salt mixture.

Abstract: Starting from a mixture containing tocopherol, fats and/or fat derivatives, more particularly fatty acids, and optionally sterol and/or sterol derivatives, the free fatty acids present in the mixture are esterified with an alcohol. The mixture is then transesterified with an alcohol in the presence of a basic catalyst. After the transesterification, the excess lower alcohol is distilled off from the reaction mixture. The transesterification catalyst and the glycerol present, if any, are removed and the fatty acid alkyl ester is distilled off from the mixture. Distillation of fatty acid alkyl esters can be accomplished with a packed column in sequence with a wiped film evaporator. The simultaneous recovery of tocopherol and sterol is possible. Tocopherols and sterols can be separated by the crystallization of sterols from a blend of organic solvents.

Abstract: Described are novel photochromic indeno-fused naphthopyran compounds, examples of which are naphthopyran compounds having a substituted or unsubstituted indeno group, the 2,1 positions of which are fused to the f side of the naphtho portion of the naphthopyran, and certain substituents at the 3-position of the pyran ring. Certain substituents may also be present at the number 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, or 13 carbon atoms of the compounds. These compounds may be represented by the following graphic formula: ##STR1## Also described are polymeric organic host materials that contain or that are coated with such compounds. Optically clear articles such as ophthalmic lenses or other plastic transparencies that incorporate the novel naphthopyran compounds or combinations thereof with complementary photochromic compounds, e.g., certain other naphthopyrans, benzopyrans, and spiro(indoline)type compounds, are also described.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel .gamma.-pyrones, .gamma.-pyridones and .gamma.-thiopyrones and their use as medicaments against viral diseases, preferably for the treatment of retroviral diseases, comprising compounds of the formula (I), in which R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 stand for hydrogen, a branched-chain or unbranched-chain C.sub.1 to C.sub.26, preferably C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkyl, C.sub.1 to C.sub.26 alkenyl or C.sub.1 to C.sub.26 alkinyl group or combinations thereof; R.sub.3 stands for a branched-chain or unbranched-chain C.sub.1 to C.sub.26 alkyl group; and R.sub.4 stands for a C.sub.3 to C.sub.26 cycloalkyl, branched-chain or unbranched-chain alkyl, alkenyl or alkinyl group. The hydrogen atoms of the methylenic group in R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.4 may be substituted by O alkyl (C.sub.1 to C.sub.6), O acyl, O aryl, O aralkyl and alkyl (C.sub.1 to C.sub.6) groups, and in R.sub.4 also by halogenated groups, oxo groups and hydroxylic groups with double links.

Abstract: N-Acetylneuraminic and derivatives of formula (I) ##STR1## pharmaceutical formulations thereof, their use in medicine, in particular as antiviral agents and methods for their preparation are described.

Abstract: A novel ketone derivative (I) which possesses a potent inhibitory activity against thiol protease such as papain, cathepsin B, cathepsin H, cathepsin L, calpain or the like with excellent properties regarding oral absorbance, tissue transference and cell membrane permeability, and are clinically useful in the treatment of various diseases such as muscular dystrophy, amyotrophy. Also provided are a process for producing the compound (I) and a pharmaceutical composition containing the same.

Abstract: Described are novel reversible photochromic 3H-naphtho[2,1-b]pyran compounds, of the following graphic formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen or alkyl, R.sub.2 is hydrogen or preferably a carboalkoxy group and R.sub.3 is hydrogen or preferably an alkyl group, provided that either R.sub.1 or R.sub.2 is hydrogen, and B and B' are the aryl groups phenyl or naphthyl, a heterocyclic aromatic group or together form a spiro adamantylene group. Also described are organic host materials that contain or that are coated with such compounds. Articles such as ophthalmic lenses or other plastic transparencies that incorporate the novel naphthopyran compounds or combinations thereof with complementary photochromic compounds, e.g., spiro(oxazine) type compounds, are also described.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel compounds of formula (I) wherein R is a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl group and R.sup.2 is selected from the group consisting of: (a) a straight-chained or branched C.sub.5 -C.sub.12 alkyl radical; (b) a group --O--R.sup.4, wherein R.sup.4 is a straight-chained or branched C.sub.2 -C.sub.9 alkyl radical which may be substituted at the terminal carbon atom by a phenyl group; (c) a group --(CH.sub.2).sub.n --O--alkyl, wherein n is an integer of from 1 to 7 and the alkyl group contains from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, having the (3S,4S) configuration, essentially free of the (3R,4R) enantiomer. The invention also relates to process for the preparation of compounds of formula (I) as defined above. The invention further relates to pharmaceutical compositions which possess analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-emetic, anti-glaucoma, leukocytes antiadhesion or PAF activity, containing as active ingredient compounds of formula (I) as defined above.