Abstract: The invention provides 5-deuterium-enriched 2,4-thiazolidinediones (e.g., 5-[4-[2-(5-ethyl-2-pyridyl)-2-oxoethoxy]benzyl]-5-deutero-thiazolidine-2,4-dione), deuterated derivatives thereof, stereoisomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salt forms thereof, and methods of treatment using the same.

Abstract: The invention provides new methods for the direct umpolung self-condensation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) by organocatalysis, thereby upgrading the readily available substrate into 5,5?-di(hydroxymethyl) furoin (DHMF). While many efficient catalyst systems have been developed for conversion of plant biomass resources into HMF, the invention now provides methods to convert such nonfood biomass directly into DHMF by a simple process as described herein. The invention also provides highly effective new methods for upgrading other biomass furaldehydes and related compound to liquid fuels. The methods include the organocatalytic self-condensation (umpolung) of biomass furaldehydes into (C8-C12)furoin intermediates, followed by hydrogenation, etherification or esterification into oxygenated biodiesel, or hydrodeoxygenation by metal-acid tandem catalysis into premium hydrocarbon fuels.

Abstract: 4-Amino-5-fluoro-3-chloro-6-(substituted)picolinates are prepared from trifluoroacetic acid, p-methoxyaniline, a 3,3-dialkoxyprop-1-yne and a substituted methylene amine by a series of steps.

Abstract: A method of treating non-small cell lung cancer in a mammal by administering to a patient a pharmaceutically acceptable amount of a compound being a thienotriazolodiazepine compound of the Formula (1) wherein R1 is alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4, R2 is a hydrogen atom; a halogen atom; or alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4 optionally substituted by a halogen atom or a hydroxyl group, R3 is a halogen atom; phenyl optionally substituted by a halogen atom, alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4, alkoxy having a carbon number of 1-4 or cyano; —NR5—(CH2)m—R6 wherein R5 is a hydrogen atom or alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4, m is an integer of 0-4, and R6 is phenyl or pyridyl optionally substituted by a halogen atom; or —NR7—CO—(CH2)n—R8 wherein R7 is a hydrogen atom or alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4, n is an integer of 0-2, and R8 is phenyl or pyridyl optionally substituted by a halogen atom, and R4 is —(CH2)a—CO—NH—R9 wherein a is an integer of 1-4, and R9 is alkyl having a carbon number of 1-4; hydroxy

Abstract: There is provided pet food comprising astaxanthin and/or an ester thereof as an active component and having an effect of deodorizing excrement such as urine and feces, effects of improving sleep, sensibility such as perception and cognition, and visual sense, and an effect of treating, improving or preventing diabetes and diabetic complications. The pet food can deodorize excrement such as urine and feces, improve sleep, sensibility such as perception and cognition, and visual sense, and treat, improve or prevent diabetes and diabetic complications.

Abstract: The compound of the formula (I-1): wherein all the symbols have the same meanings as described in the specification, has two cyclic groups, particularly phenoxy groups at specific substitution positions and thus has high human S1P2 antagonistic activity. The compound may therefore be used as a therapeutic agent for S1P2-mediated diseases such as diseases resulting from vascular constriction, fibrosis, and respiratory diseases.

Abstract: A method of inhibiting IL-17 expression in neutrophils of a subject in need thereof includes administering to neutrophils of the subject a therapeutically effective amount of agent that inhibits STAT3 mediated IL-17 expression in the neutrophils of the subject.

Abstract: A compound of formula (I-1) wherein n equals 0 or 1, Z represents O or S, R1 represents one group chosen among the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-C7 alkyl, substituted, or not, by a halogen, a hydroxyl or a —O—R12 group, wherein R12 is a C1-C7 alkyl, a group —CH2—O—CO—R5 wherein R5 is chosen among a hydrogen atom and a C1-C7 alkyl, substituted or not by at least one halogen, a group —O—R13, wherein R13 is chosen among hydrogen and a C1-C7 alkyl, an amine or a —CH2-amine, R?1 represents a group chosen among hydrogen and —O—R14, wherein R14 is chosen among hydrogen and a C1-C7 alkyl, and R2 is chosen among the group consisting of a C1-C7 alkyl, a C3-C6 cycloalkyl, an aryl group, and an heteroaryl group for the treatment of pathologies involving excess activity of at least one member of the kallikrein family.

Abstract: Methods for recovering monomers from polymers, such as polyurethanes (including thermoset polyurethanes) include heating the polymer to depolymerize the polymer and release the monomer. The monomer may be directly recovered. The polymer may include a poly(?-methyl-?-valerolactone) (PMVL) block and the monomer recovered may be ?-methyl-?-valerolactone (MVL).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a synthesis of chromanones or chromanes in a stereospecific matter in view of the 2-position in the chromanone or chromane ring. It has been found that this synthesis is particularly possible in the presence of a chiral compound of formula of a specific type and of at least one phenol or thiophenol.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel polymorphic solvated and desolvated forms of the sodium salt of 4-tert-butyl-N-[4-chloro-2-(1-oxy-pyridine-4-carbonyl)phenyl]-benzenesulfonamide. One embodiment of the present invention is directed to a crystalline sodium salt of 4-tert-butyl-N-[4-chloro-2-(1-oxy-pyridine-4-carbonyl)-phenyl]benzenesulfonamide (hereinafter “Compound A-1,4-dioxane/water solvate”), wherein the crystalline form is characterized by an X-ray powder diffraction pattern comprising diffraction angles (°28), when measured using Cu Ku radiation, at about 4.0, 8.1, 10.1, 14.2, 16.2, 18.6, 20.3, 24.7, 25.0, and 26.5.

Abstract: The present invention discloses organocatalytic process for asymmetric synthesis of highly enantioselective decanolide compounds in high yield with >99% ee. Further, the present invention disclose cost effective, improved organocatalytic process for asymmetric synthesis of highly enantioselective decanolides compounds from non-chiral, cheap, easily available raw materials.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a synthesis of chromanones or chromanes in a stereospecific matter in view of the 2-position in the chromanone or chromane ring. It has been found that this synthesis is particularly possible in the presence of a chiral compound of formula of a specific type and of at least one urea or thiourea.

Abstract: The disclosures herein relate to novel compounds of formula wherein R1, R2 and R3 are as defined herein, and their use in treating, preventing, ameliorating, controlling or reducing cerebrovascular or vascular disorders associated with CGRP receptor function.

Abstract: The disclosure demonstrates the role of mast cell stabilizers in treating rosacea. The disclosure also shows the role of mast cells, cathelicidin, serine protease and/or vitamin D3 in rosacea pathology and the use of antagonists and inhibitors thereof to treat rosacea.

Abstract: A method for controlling pests of soybean plants comprises the step of contacting the soybean plant, parts of it, its propagation material, the pests, their food supply, habitat or breeding grounds with one or more components of the ginkgo tree selected from the group consisting of bilobalide, ginkgolide A, ginkgolide B, ginkgolide C, ginkgolide J and ginkgolide M.

Abstract: The present invention describes the use of pharmaceutical compositions including compounds of formula 2 (below) for treatment of infections related to M. tuberculosis and for anti-proliferative activity.

Abstract: Compounds for inhibiting Type 4 Prepilin Peptidases are provided as are methods of using the compounds as anti-bacterial agents.

Abstract: Compounds and methods of modulating 15-PGDH activity, modulating tissue prostaglandin levels, treating disease, diseases disorders, or conditions in which it is desired to modulate 15-PGDH activity and/or prostaglandin levels include 15-PGDH inhibitors described herein.

Abstract: The present invention relates to use of a tall oil fatty acid in enhancing rumen fermentation and/or lowering rumen methane production. The invention further relates to use of a feed supplement and a feed composition comprising tall oil fatty acid.