Abstract: An improved process for the production of advanced NF.sub.4.sup.+ salts is described utilizing graphite salts as an HF and oxidizer resistant anion exchange medium.

Abstract: A two stage reductive stripping process for recovering uranium from wet process phosphoric acid, wherein the ferrous ions required for the first-stage reductive strip are supplied by heating a portion of acid raffinate phosphoric acid from the first-stage extraction in the presence of pressurized hydrogen gas. The pressurized hydrogen gas reduces the ferric ions in the raffinate to the ferrous state without any addition of metallic iron or other impurity, so that the uranium-enhanced reductive strip solution supplied to the second stage from the first stage reductive strip has a low concentration of iron impurity, and no further purification to remove iron impurity is required.

Abstract: A method for heat treating a material such as gypsum mineral, consists in burning a fuel in a combustion bed which is in heat exchange contact through bounding walls with beds of the material to be heated. Combustion gases are passed from the combustor through the heat treatment vessels containing beds and these gases then serve to fluidize at least partly and add heat to the beds through the agency of distributors.

Abstract: A wet process for producing phosphoric acid and phosphoanhydrite by acidulation of phosphate rock with a phosphoric acid/sulfuric acid mixture containing a very high recycle content of small sized anhydrite seed crystals. A strong phosphoric acid is obtained having a concentration of at least about 35% P.sub.2 O.sub.5. Further, the phosphoanhydrite may be readily converted to an industrially usable gypsum product.

Abstract: The instant invention is directed to a magnesium oxide composition, for use in coating silicon steel, having a Citric Acid Activity of 50 to 200 seconds and a particle size of 90 percent finer than 325 mesh prepared from a blend of(a) ground magnesium oxide having a Citric Acid Activity of greater than 200 to 2000 seconds and(b) ground magnesium oxide having a Citric Acid Activity of 40 to 100 seconds.The instant invention is also directed to a process for the production of a magnesium oxide composition, for use in coating silicon steel, having a Citric Acid Activity of 50 to 200 seconds and a particle size of 90 percent finer than 325 mesh, comprising:(a) grinding to a 90 percent finer than 325 mesh(i) 20 to 60 percent by weight of a ground magnesium oxide having a Citric Acid Activity of greater than 200 to 2000 seconds and(ii) 40 to 80 percent by weight of a magnesium oxide having a Citric Acid Activity of 40 to 100 seconds and(b) blending (i) and (ii) together.

Abstract: The residual gases obtained in the production of cyanuric chloride having a pressure of 1-5 bar (absolute) preferably 1-4 bar, are worked up by leading them into the lower portion of a column, reacted in the column with at least the equivalent amount of hydrogen cyanide to form cyanogen chloride and led in countercurrent flow to the water charged to the upper portion of the column whereupon the aqueous solution of cyanogen chloride formed is withdrawn from the lower portion of the column and preferably is returned into the production portion of the plant for recovery of the cyanogen chloride while the purified waste gas of the column leaves in the upper portion of the column.

Abstract: A filler for filling in defects or hollow portions of bones to coalesce with the bone tissues is provided which comprises powders of a calcium phosphate compound having the apatite crystalline structure of each crystal grain size of from 50 .orgate. to 10 microns and represented by the following general formula of Ca.sub.m (PO.sub.4).sub.n OH (1.33.ltoreq.m/n.ltoreq.1.95); and said powders being adapted for filling in a fluidized or plasticized state. A method of treating a bone with the filler is also provided wherein at least a portion of said filler is filled in to reach the bone-marrow cavity of said bone.

Abstract: In the anthraquinone process for manufacturing hydrogen peroxide an improvement is obtained in the productivity of a fixed-bed catalytic hydrogenator operating in the dispersed-bubble flow regime by premixing the hydrogen gas and the working solution by means of a static mixer.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing (very high purity) solare voltaic cell grade silicon involving the steps of reacting impure silicon tetrachloride with a lower molecular weight alcohol (e.g. ethanol) to form a silicon alkoxide (e.g. tetraethyl silicate) and then isolating a pure silicon alkoxide by filtration and fractional distillation. The purified silicon alkoxide can then be chemically reduced by reacting with a metal (e.g. Na) thus recovering high purity elemental silicon. The reaction byproducts (e.g. HCl and NaOR) can be used to regenerate the alcohol and resulting salt (e.g. NaCl) can be subjected to electrolysis to recover the metal and the halogen, thus leading to an overall process with total recycle of byproducts.

Abstract: The synthesis-gas plant is operated in a number of successive operating periods such that during the first operating period an excess of fresh water is supplied to the synthesis gas plant and the waste water from the resulting mixture is separated in a condenser and supplied to a storage container. During the subsequent operating periods, the waste water stored in the container is used as the feed water for the synthesis gas plant and the waste water obtained on each occasion is stored in the container with increasing deuterium concentration. The waste water obtained during the last operating period and having the highest deuterium concentration is used to feed a plant for producing heavy water.This process, when used in a synthesis gas plant for producing hydrogen, can be used to obtain deuterium-enriched water as a feedstock for a heavy-water plant without expensive additional energy-consuming devices.

Abstract: The present invention provides the following:(a) An aluminophosphorus compound wherein the atomic ratio of P to Al exceeds 1:1 and having anion exchange properties.(b) A process for preparing such an aluminophosphorus compound comprising treating an aluminous compound, for example a zeolite, a clay, or alumina with a melt comprising a phosphate, for example ammonium dihydrogen orthophosphate, and removing excess phosphate from the compound thereby formed.(c) A process for at least partially removing anions from an aqueous solution which comprises contacting the aqueous solution containing the anions with the aluminophosphorus compound.(d) A process for the chromatographic separation of two anions in aqueous solution wherein the chromatographic stationary phase comprises the aluminophosphorus compound.

Abstract: A process for growing crystals of an inorganic material by forming a solution of the material in a solvent for the compound, forming a film of the solution and etching the solvent from the film with an etching gas until crystals of the material form. The solution has a solidification temperature lower than the melting or sublimation temperature of the material and higher than the condensation temperatures of the etching gas and of reaction products formed by the etching. The etching temperature is between the solidification temperature of the solution and the melting or sublimation temperature of the material and is lower than the vaporization temperature of the solvent and solution and higher than the condensation temperatures of the etching gas and reaction products.

Abstract: A process of methanol or ammonia synthesis utilizing a reactor, which reactor comprises at least one cylindrical catalyst bed having a height not greater than half its over-all diameter and defined on its underside by a grid supported by a dished plate having peripheral mechanical connection to a downward extension of the bed wall. Preferably there are several such beds and an indirect heat exchanger upstream of the downstream-most bed. The reactor is suitably 5-10 m in diameter and is especially for use at under 120 bar abs in an integrated process for producing methanol and ammonia.

Abstract: A simple and efficient process is provided for disposing of easily airborne carbon fibers by subjecting them to an aqueous solution of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hypohalogenite at an elevated temperature for a period of time sufficient to substantially destroy the fibrous configuration of said fibers. In a preferred embodiment, carbon fibers are contacted with a solution of sodium hypochlorite (approximately 5 to 6 percent active chlorine concentration by weight based on the weight of the solution) at a temperature of between about 50.degree. and about 60.degree. C. for between about 1 and about 12 hours.

Abstract: This invention is generally directed to an improved process for reclaiming metallic elements in high purity from a source material containing these elements, which comprises providing a source material, converting the source material to mixture of oxides, reacting the oxides with an alcohol resulting in the formation of esters, and metallic oxides, subjecting the esters, subsequent to purification, to a reduction reaction, subsequently converting the metallic oxides to esters by reaction with a diol, and subjecting, subsequent to purification, the resulting esters to a reduction reaction.

Abstract: A method is provided for improving the sulfur capture potential of lime in the fluidized bed combustion of coal and for improving the flow characteristics of the feed coal therefor comprising collecting partially sulfated limestone particles from the fly ash of the flue gas from the fluidized bed combustor, and (a) retaining said particles in the flue gas stream, thereby hydrating said particles, and returning said particles to the combustor; or (b) mixing said partially sulfated limestone particles with wet coal thereby drying said coal and simultaneously hydrating unreacted calcium oxide to form calcium hydroxide, and recycling said mixture of dry crushed coal and calcium hydroxide into said fluidized bed combustor; or (c) introducing wet coal in the flue gas upstream from said collected particles, thereby providing moisture to hydrate said particles, and returning said hydrated particles to the combustor.

Abstract: Metal values, such as copper, lead and zinc, are recovered from complex sulfides, e.g., ores or smelter flue dusts, by means of aqueous leaching in the presence of oxygen and CaCl.sub.2 or BaCl.sub.2 at elevated temperature.

Abstract: An improved process for the removal of urea, ammonia, and carbon dioxide from process condensate derived from coupled urea and ammonia syntheses by hydrolysis of urea and desorption of ammonia and carbon dioxide. Process condensate poor with respect to ammonia is treated at a pressure of between about 15 and 42 bar and a temperature of between about 200.degree. C. and 320.degree. C. in a reaction column with steam to form a gas mixture containing ammonia, carbon dioxide, and water vapor, and an aqueous liquid virtually free of urea, ammonia, and carbon dioxide.

Abstract: A method of producing high density carbon at relatively low temperatures is described. By flowing methane gas over glass rods or tubes at flow rates of 10 to 1300 cc per minute and temperatures of 1000.degree. to 1200.degree. C., carbon having a density greater than 2 grams per cubic centimeter and hydrogen gas are produced. An inert gas such as argon can be intermittently pulsed through the system to sweep the system free of low density carbon deposits and heating preferably takes place by means of induction coil heated graphite susceptors or resistance heaters.

Abstract: Liquid hydrogen iodide is decomposed to form hydrogen and iodine in the presence of water using a soluble catalyst. Decomposition is carried out at a temperature between about 350.degree. K. and about 525.degree. K. and at a corresponding pressure between about 25 and about 300 atmospheres in the presence of an aqueous solution which acts as a carrier for the homogeneous catalyst. Various halides of the platinum group metals, particularly Pd, Rh and Pt, are used, particularly the chlorides and iodides which exhibit good solubility. After separation of the H.sub.2, the stream from the decomposer is countercurrently extracted with nearly dry HI to remove I.sub.2. The wet phase contains most of the catalyst and is recycled directly to the decomposition step. The catalyst in the remaining almost dry HI-I.sub.2 phase is then extracted into a wet phase which is also recycled. The catalyst-free HI-I.sub.2 phase is finally distilled to separate the HI and I.sub.2. The HI is recycled to the reactor; the I.sub.