Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the recovery of antimony pentachloride from catalyst solutions used in the fluorination of chlorinated hydrocarbons characterized in that the exhausted catalyst solution containing antimony ions and high boiling halogenated hydrocarbons is chlorinated to convert the Sb.sup.3.sup.+ to Sb.sup.5.sup.+ followed by treatment of the solution with hydrogen fluoride to give SbCl.sub.x F.sub.y compounds, wherein x is 4-2 and y is 1-3, the sum of x+y being 5, and to convert the high boiling halogenated hydrocarbons to lower boiling halogenated hydrocarbons, thereafter removing the halogenated hydrocarbons having a lower boiling temperature than the boiling point of SbCl.sub.x F.sub.y and converting the remaining SbCl.sub.x F.sub.y compound with carbon tetrachloride to form antimony pentachloride which is thereafter separated from the remaining organic compounds and inorganic residue.

Abstract: Method for recovering potassium hydroxide and zinc oxide from potassium zincate solutions, characterized in that a selective solvent of potassium hydroxide, which is miscible with water, is added to the zincate solution, in that the zinc oxide precipitate thus obtained is filtered and in that the mother liquors for separating the potassium hydroxide solution from the solvent are treated. The invention applies to all electrochemical storage cell batteries having a zinc negative electrode in which it is required to purify the electrolyte with a view to scavenging it.

Abstract: Complex phosphates of aluminum containing a halogen and chemically-bound molecule of a hydroxy compound, namely, water. A typical example is a complex phosphate having the empirical formulate AlPClH.sub.11 O.sub.9. They are most conveniently prepared by the reaction of an aluminum halide with water and orthophosphoric acid, under relatively cool conditions. The compounds are generally soluble in water and polar organic solvents. They decompose at low temperatures to give aluminum orthophosphate, thereby providing a method for producing aluminum phosphate in many forms, for example, fibers, coatings, binders and fine particles, from a solution in water or organic solvents.

Abstract: A process is described for the preparation of urea at a high temperature and pressure whereby the quantity of water recycled to the urea-synthesis reactor along with the recycle ammonium carbamate may be reduced. The high pressure aqueous urea solution from the reactor is expanded into two or more ammonium carbamate decomposition stages operating at successively lower pressures. In at least one of the ammonium carbamate decomposition stages the expanded aqueous urea solution is heated in a controlled manner and a first off-gas is separated. The residual aqueous urea solution is again heated and a second off-gas is removed, which off-gas is combined with the first off-gas, condensed and recycled to the urea-synthesis reactor.

Abstract: Flue gas that includes sulfur dioxide and alkali-containing flyash is cleansed in a liquid scrubber, followed by classification of discharge from the liquid scrubber into oversize and undersize fractions. The undersize fraction is clarified and recycled for use as a source of liquid scrubbing agent. The oversize scrubber discharge is reduced in particle size to expose more alkali-reactive surface and recycled into the scrubber for further reaction with SO.sub.2.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method comprising the oxidative dehydrogenation of at least one hydrocarbon selected from the group consisting of butene-1, butene-2, 2-methyl-1-butene, 2-methyl-2-butene, 3-methyl-1-butene, n-pentene, 2,3-dimethyl-1-butene, 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene, 2-methyl-1-pentene, 2-methyl-2-pentene, 4-methyl-2-pentene, 3-methyl-1-pentene, 3-methyl-2-pentene, 2-ethyl-1-butene, ethyl benzene and isopropyl benzene at oxidative dehydrogenation conditions while in the presence of a catalyst comprising cobalt-molybdate which has enhanced activity by being calcined at temperatures from 750.degree.-1100.degree. C for at least one hour prior to use in the oxydehydrogenation process.

Abstract: An ammonium carbonate leach solution containing dissolved nickel and/or cobalt values is sprayed into a flash chamber to flash a portion of the ammonia therefrom, resulting in the production of a fine precipitate of nickel and/or cobalt carbonate. The solution is introduced into a stripping tower wherein remaining ammonia is stripped therefrom to precipitate further nickel and/or cobalt carbonate on the previously precipitated carbonate, which function as nuclei to reduce deposition in the column.

Abstract: The invention is a heavy sodium carbonate -dense soda- in the form of briquettes, having great density, and includes also the commercial forms of heavy sodium carbonate in the form of powder, grains and briquettes, which products are obtained by grinding - or not as required - the briquettes. The invention also comprises a novel process which produces these briquettes by briquetting of the dry sodium bicarbonate from the SOLVAY or TRONA soda ash fabrication process, which after filtering or centrifuging and drying is briquetted at a pressure between 500 to 1000 kg/cm.sup.2 ; the briquettes with a density of 1.8 kg/dm.sup.3, are then introduced into a heated static space at 700.degree. to 750.degree. C., and maintained there until the bicarbonate briquettes turn into dense sodium carbonate briquettes, with a density of 2.2 - 2.4 kg/dm.sup.3.

Abstract: A process for urea manufacture is described wherein the molar ratio of unreacted NH.sub.3 to CO.sub.2 (including NH.sub.3 and CO.sub.2 in the form of ammonium carbamate) in the carbamate reaction liquid phase is between 2:1 and 3:1, and the same ratio in the liquid phase in the urea autoclave is maintained between 3:1 and 6:1, control of the process being achieved by analysis of the gas phase and maintaining the NH.sub.3 to CO.sub. 2 molar ratio therein between about 1:1 and 6:1, preferably between about 1.5:1 and 3.5:1, in both the carbamate reactor and the urea autoclave.

Abstract: Sulfur dioxide is removed from gas mixtures such as flue gas containing the same by contacting the gas mixture with a solid sorbent comprising a porous gamma-alumina base, about 2 to 20 percent by weight (based on alumina) of a coating of a refractory oxide such as titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide, or silica, and an active material, such as copper oxide, which is capable of selective removal of sulfur oxides from a gas mixture.

Abstract: A process for the recovery of oxides of sulfur from combustion waste gases, which comprises cooling said waste gases and forming entrained particles of sodium compounds, consisting essentially of sodium carbonate, by spray contact with sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate, converting sodium carbonate in the particles to sodium sulfate by passing said oxides of sulphur containing waste gases and said sodium compound particles over plate-like packings, whereby said particles are comminuted to a finer particle size form so as to enhance the reaction of said sulfate particles with the oxides of sulfur in said waste gases, collecting entrained particles of said sodium compounds in a dust collector.

Abstract: A process to remove ammonia from gases by washing the gases with an inorganic acid of ammonium bisulfite. The ammonia removed from the gas transforms the washing liquid into ammonium salt solution. This salt solution then undergoes a separate processing by washing it with gases bearing sulfur dioxide to regenerate ammonium bisulfite acid, a portion of which is returned for further washing of the gases and another portion is diverted to an apparatus for concentrating the acid solution up to 70% to 80% by weight after which the concentrated acid solution is delivered to a combustion chamber where burning thereof produces combustion products bearing sulfur dioxide which are used in the process to wash the ammonium bisulfite salt solution to regenerate ammonium bisulfite acid.

Abstract: The instant invention relates to a process for the removal of sulfur oxides from gases which comprises the steps of contacting the gas with a cerium oxide sorbent at conditions whereby the sulphur oxides present in the gas are sorbed by said cerium oxide sorbent and regenerating said cerium oxide sorbent by contacting with a reducing atmosphere at conditions whereby the sorbent is substantially converted to a sulfur-free state. The gas may be an exhaust gas, e.g. from an automobile or a flue gas. This invention is especially preferred for treating flue gas. In this preferred embodiment, the flue gas may be contacted with the cerium oxide sorbent at a temperature of from 300.degree. to 800.degree. C. to form cerium sulfate and/or sulfite and the sorbent is regenerated by contacting with a reducing gas, for example, hydrogen in admixture with steam or other inert gases at a temperature of from 500.degree. to 800.degree. C. to convert the cerium sulfate or sulfite to cerium oxide.

Abstract: A method for forming a nitrogen doped-beta tantalum thin film which comprises sputtering tantalum in a nitrogen atmosphere such that the ratio of tantalum atoms to nitrogen atoms in the deposited film ranges from about 9/1 to about 999/1. Such films are useful in the fabrication of thin-film capacitors.

Abstract: Tricalcium phosphate is made by reacting phosphate rock and a defluorinating reagent comprising steam, in the presence of a hyperheated heat transfer gas mixture comprising CO and H.sub.2, at a temperature between about 1500.degree. - 2200.degree. C, and then separating the solid and gaseous materials.

Abstract: Potassium sulfate (K.sub.2 SO.sub.4) is prepared by contacting potassium chloride with an aqueous solution containing potassium bisulfate at a temperature of about 65.degree.-110.degree. C., cooling the solution and permitting the potassium sulfate to crystallize from solution.

Abstract: Antimony trichloride or a solution thereof is added to a basic solution containing a complexing agent, preferably ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, in which the antimony trichloride is present in an amount up to 5 moles per mole of complexing agent to hydrolyze antimony trichloride to light stable senarmontite.

Abstract: The recovery of non-ferrous transition metals such as copper and nickel from acidic hydrometallurgical leach liquors with a 2-picolylamine chelate exchange resin is improved by the in situ reduction of Fe.sup.+.sup.3 present in the leach liquor with a water soluble reducing agent during the resin loading cycle. The chelate resin functions not only as a selective sorbent for the desired metal values, but also as a catalyst for the in situ reduction of Fe.sup.+.sup.3 to Fe.sup.+.sup.2. A suitable reducing agent such as SO.sub.2 or HCHO is fed into the chelate resin column with the leach liquor. When the loading cycle is completed, regeneration with sulfuric acid gives an enriched eluent with a high non-ferrous metal:Fe ratio. For example, using SO.sub.2 with a copper leach liquor feed, subsequent regeneration at about 70.degree. C gives better than 90 percent recovery of the copper as a highly enriched copper sulfate solution with a Cu:Fe ratio of about 10,000.

Abstract: A process is described for recovering metals which are present in aqueous solution as complex metal ammine ions having an ammonia co-ordination of at least two. According to the process, the complex metal ammine bearing solution is contacted with a cationic ion exchange resin in the ammonium form to effect loading of the complex metal ammine ions from the solution onto the resin. The loaded resin is then stripped by contacting it with a controlled volume of aqueous ammonium salt stripping solution having an ammonium ion concentration of at least two molar. The free ammonia and ammonium salt concentrations in the stripping solution are controlled such that the controlled volume of stripping solution is effective to substantially completely strip the free ammonia and metal values from the resin.

Abstract: 1-Alkyl and 1,3-dialkyl substituted-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroanthraquinones are provided which may also be alkyl substituted in the 6- and/or 7- position. These compounds are provided by condensing a naphthoquinone with an alkyl-substituted butadiene dimer, catalytically hydrogenating the adduct, then oxidizing the resulting hexahydro compound to the desired tetrahydroanthraquinone. Alternatively, the condensation product may be oxidized with a cupric compound or with air plus a weak base, and this compound catalytically hydrogenated and then oxidized to the corresponding tetrahydroanthraquinone. The compounds of this invention exhibit superior solubility in solvents commonly used in the cyclic process for manufacturing H.sub.2 O.sub.2 and thus enhance H.sub.2 O.sub.2 production.