Abstract: The invention provides a spectrometer (10) which includes a filter arrangement (16,18), in addition to any option filters (20) for limiting an operational wavelength range of the spectrometer, the filter arrangement (16,18) comprising a plurality of broadband optical filters or broadband optical filter areas each of known transmission and being located or selectively locatable in a path of collected incident spectral radiation (44). The spectrometer further includes at least one detector (24) arranged to measure the spectral radiation passing through at least one of the broadband filters located in the path of collected incident spectral radiation, and signal-processing means (34) for recovering the spectrum of the collected spectral radiation from measurements by the detector (24).

Abstract: In an apparatus and a method for detecting impurities in a material, infrared rays or a plurality of specific wavelength components of the infrared rays are applied to a material on a conveyor, the respective reflection intensities of the specific wavelength components reflected by the material are measured, the measured reflection intensities and the reflection intensities of specific wavelength components inherent to the material are compared, and impurities in the material are detected according to the result of the comparison.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for determining luminescent molecules by means of optical excitation in confocal measurement volumes, different species of luminescent molecules in a sample being excited at respectively different times and the emission radiation originating from the different species from a measurement volume being captured by a single detector. Furthermore, an apparatus suitable for carrying out the method is disclosed.

Abstract: In an electrostatic recorder including: a first electrode for transmitting radioactive rays; a recording photoconductive layer irradiated with the radioactive rays to generate charge; a charge transportation layer; a storage unit for storing the charge as an electrostatic latent image; a reading photoconductive layer irradiated with a reading light to generate charge; and a second electrode, the first electrode, the recording photoconductive layer, the charge transportation layer, the storage unit, the reading photoconductive layer, and the second electrode are laminated in this sequential order. The electrostatic recorder further includes a suppression layer provided between the reading photoconductive layer and the second electrode to prevent interfacial crystallization generated in the reading photoconductive layer. In the electrostatic recorder, the interfacial crystallization of the reading photoconductive layer is prevented without reducing reading efficiency.

Abstract: An x-ray sensor 60 includes a phosphorescent phosphor 601 susceptible to x-ray irradiation 12 for forming an image in the phosphor, the phosphor having a decay period 71 persistent after an irradiation period 75. A photoelectric sensor array 603 is arranged to receive phosphorescent emission from the phosphorescent phosphor 601 corresponding to the image. The photoelectric sensor array is gated off for a gated period 72 during at least some of, or exceeding, the irradiation period 75 to dump output from the photoelectric sensor array means generated during at least some of the irradiation period to reduce the effect of direct x-ray irradiation of the photoelectric sensor array. A signal is at least primarily output from the sensor from persisting phosphorescence from the phosphor during the decay period.

Abstract: A method for correcting at least one of pileup effects or charge sharing effects in multi-cell photon counting detectors includes determining a correction coefficient using a count rate of an entire spectrum and applying the determined correction to the counts recorded in an energy window of interest.

Abstract: A tomography device, particularly for single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), comprises a multi-pinhole collimator and a detector for detecting gamma quanta or photons that penetrate the multi-pinhole collimator. In a tomographic method using the device, the distance between the object and the multi-pinhole collimator is selected to be smaller than the distance between the multi-pinhole collimator and the surface of the detector.

Abstract: A method of monitoring health in chlorophyll containing matter comprises exposing the matter to a light source to cause chlorophyll to fluoresce and emit a fluorescence signal. Any changes in a parameter indicative of changes in the intensity of the fluorescence signal are detected and compared with a predetermined threshold. A change which exceeds the predetermined threshold is interpreted as a transition of the level of stress in the chlorophyll containing matter. An apparatus for monitoring health in chlorophyll containing matter is also provided and comprises a light source for causing chlorophyll in the matter to fluoresce, a detector for detecting the intensity the fluorescent signal, means for measuring changes in a parameter indicative of changes in the intensity of the fluorescent signal and a detector to detect an increase in the change of the parameter above a predetermined threshold.

Abstract: A method for measuring and analyzing bioluminescence, including the steps of receiving in real-time a luminescence measurement result group from a creature sample group, displaying and maintaining in real-time the luminescence measurement result group, receiving in real-time another luminescence measurement result group from the creature sample group, and displaying and maintaining in real-time the another luminescence measurement result group, instead of the luminescence measurement result group.

Abstract: A solid state radiation detector constituted by a solid state detecting section having multitudes of charge detecting linear electrodes and multitudes of auxiliary linear electrodes; a test signal generating means for generating a test signal; and a connection switching means for connecting at least one end of the auxiliary linear electrodes to either the test signal generating means or ground. The test signal is inputted to the auxiliary linear electrodes and crosstalk signals outputted based on the test signal from the charge detecting linear electrodes adjacent to the auxiliary linear electrodes to which the test signal has been inputted are detected and compared with a predetermined reference signal in order to check the charge detecting linear electrodes and auxiliary linear electrodes for breakage.

Abstract: An image information readout exposure apparatus includes: a first light source, for performing readout scanning exposure on an image information recording medium, on which image information is recordable as an electrostatic latent image, to read out image information recorded thereon; and a second light source, for performing scanning exposure on the image information recording medium, which is different from the readout scanning exposure performed by the first light source. The first and second light sources include an integrated illuminating portion and means for scanning the illuminating portion. The first and second light sources may be linear light sources. If so, the illuminating portion may include an optical path changing means, for changing an optical path of light emitted from at least one of the first and second light sources, so that a position illuminated by the first light source and a position illuminated by the second light source substantially match.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system for imaging the surface of a substrate through a coating on the substrate. The system includes an infrared light source positioned to cast an infrared light upon the substrate to thereby create reflected light. A focal plane array may be positioned to receive the reflected light and generate an image therefrom. At least one optical filter may be disposed between the substrate and the focal plane array so as to pass only coating transparent wavelengths of the reflected light along an optical path between the infrared light source and the focal plane array thereby visually revealing irregular structural features of the substrate as at least one image.

Abstract: An array of position-sensitive avalanche photodiodes is provided in which output signal contacts from corners of each photodiode are grouped in common for readout. Each photodiode may be provided on a single wafer or chip, with photodiodes being separated by a trench or a groove. Corners of each photodiode include contacts for reading out signals resulting from gamma rays incident events in an adjacent scintillator. Grouping of the contacts into common output channels reduces the number of output channels, while still permitting localization of gamma ray incident events in the scintillator crystals. The photodiode array may be positioned adjacent to one face of a scintillator, with a photomultiplier tube to be positioned adjacent to another. The detector arrangement may be used for positron emission tomography imaging and similar techniques.

Abstract: A radiation image conversion panel is disclosed, comprising on a support a stimulable phosphor layer comprising a stimulable phosphor, wherein the stimulable phosphor layer is layer formed of columnar crystals of a parent component of a stimulable phosphor and further thereon a layer formed of columnar crystals of the parent component and an activator component, wherein the second columnar crystals are formed with (200) orientation through vapor deposition. There is also disclosed a preparation method thereof.

Abstract: The present invention is a directed to a cover assembly for an x-ray detector that incorporates impact-absorbing material designed to absorb the shock, vibration, stress, and strain placed on the detector when dropped or subjected to a load. The cover assembly may include a layer or inserts of impact-absorbing material. Bumpers of impact-absorbing material may also be secured to the x-ray detector cover. Viscoelastic foam or other plastics may be used as the impact-absorbing material.

Abstract: A device and a method for reading out information stored in a storage layer (15), and an X-ray cassette are proposed which make use for the purpose of erasing information stored in the storage layer (15) of an erasing means (11, 12, 14) which generates an erasure radiation (17). This erasure radiation (17) can have both a first and a second intensity, the first intensity being larger than the second intensity.

Abstract: A method for calibrating at least some individual light sensor elements of a linear sensor array of a scanner, wherein output values of first and second pluralities of elements are carried, respectively, by first and second output channels. A relative gain (Stored Gain) for each of such elements is calculated from a scan of a light calibration strip area of substantial uniformity. Output values of such elements are obtained from a scan of a light calibration strip area of unknown uniformity. An average is calculated of the obtained output values of the first elements (First Light Average) and an average is calculated of the obtained output values of the second elements (Second Light Average). A final gain for each first and second element is calculated using at least its Stored Gain and for second elements only also using the First and Second Light Averages.

Abstract: A hand-held, fleet deployable infrared camera with integrated hardware and software providing real time processing of infrared images. The camera senses variable temperature images over a selected object of interest and senses variable emissivities over the object. The camera also measures and corrects for reflected environmental radiation as well as corrections for the atmospheric path through which the object is viewed. A calibrated reference patch having known emissivity and reflectance is attached to an object of interest and viewed through the camera. The calibrated patch is used to provide correction for the environmental radiation reflected off the object. Once the environmental radiation correction is known, it can be used to correct measurements taken from the rest of the object of interest.

Abstract: The Laser Induced Fluorescence Attenuation Spectroscopy (LIFAS) method and apparatus preferably include a source adapted to emit radiation that is directed at a sample volume in a sample to produce return light from the sample, such return light including modulated return light resulting from modulation by the sample, a first sensor, displaced by a first distance from the sample volume for monitoring the return light and generating a first signal indicative of the intensity of return light, a second sensor, displaced by a second distance from the sample volume, for monitoring the return light and generating a second signal indicative of the intensity of return light, and a processor associated with the first sensor and the second sensor and adapted to process the first and second signals so as to determine the modulation of the sample.

Abstract: Light-receiving devices are two-dimensionally arranged on a substrate, bonding pads electrically connected to the light-receiving devices in the respective rows or columns via signal lines are arranged on the outer periphery of the substrate, and a protective passivation film is disposed on the light-receiving devices and signal lines, thereby forming a light-receiving device array. On the light-receiving surface of the light-receiving device array, a scintillator made of columnar crystals of CsI is deposited. On the other hand, a resin frame formed like an elongated frame is disposed inside the bonding pads. Inside this frame, a protective film in which an inorganic film is held between organic films made of Parylene is laminated. The outer periphery of the protective film is in close contact with the resin frame with the aid of the coating resin.