Abstract: Disclosed herein are media for culture of cells, tissues, and/or organs. The media formulations disclosed herein can be used to support growth, viability, and/or function of one or more than one cell type, tissue, or organ. In some embodiments, one or more cell types, tissues, organ devices, and/or organs are contacted with a disclosed culture medium under conditions sufficient to support growth, viability, and/or function of the cell types, tissues, and/or organs. The disclosed media can be used in methods of culturing multiple cell types, and in some examples, is used in a platform device including one or more organ devices, for example, by circulating the medium through the one or more organ devices in the platform.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system for production of ATP. This system is comprised of a support and one or more enzymes coupled to that support which are capable of collectively producing ATP from glucose or fructose metabolism. The present invention is additionally directed to a device, which includes the system, and to a method for carrying out a reaction involving the conversion of ATP to ADP using the system.

Abstract: Methods are provided for the prognosis, diagnosis and treatment of various pathological states, including cancer, chemotherapy resistance and dementia associated with Alzheimer's disease. The methods provided herein are based on the discovery that various proteins with a high level of sialylation are shown herein to be associated with disease states, such as, cancer, chemotherapy resistance and dementia associated with Alzheimer's disease. Such methods provide a lysosomal exocytosis activity profile comprising one or more values representing lysosomal exocytosis activity. Also provided herein, is the discovery that low lysosomal sialidase activity is associated with various pathological states. Thus, the methods also provide a lysosomal sialidase activity profile, comprising one or more values representing lysosomal sialidase activity. A lysosomal sialidase activity profile is one example of a lysosomal exocytosis activity profile.

Abstract: In some embodiments, the invention provides methods for detecting and/or classifying an anticoagulant at a therapeutically relevant amount or higher in a patient, including subjecting a sample of a control blood component (known not to contain the anticoagulant) to a clotting assay in the presence of a Factor Xa reagent to obtain a control clotting measurement; and subjecting a sample of a blood component from a patient suspected of having the anticoagulant to the clotting assay in the presence of the Factor Xa reagent to obtain a patient clotting measurement, wherein the patient clotting measurement sample greater than the control clotting measurement indicates the presence of the anticoagulant at a therapeutically relevant amount or higher in the patient. In some embodiments, the invention includes methods for classifying an anticoagulant as an anti-Factor Xa or a direct thrombin inhibitor anticoagulant using a clotting assay in the presence of an ecarin reagent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for inducing osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and, more particularly, to a short-time osteogenic differentiation method of culturing cells using a porous membrane and a biodegradable synthetic biogel, whereby the cells do not contact a cell culture container. The present invention can significantly shorten the induction period of osteogenic differentiation, compared to the conventional osteogenic differentiation method, and has an effect of the cells being easily separable after differentiation as well.

Abstract: Bioreactors and methods for cultivating microalgae under heterotrophic growth conditions using fruit wastewater as a carbon source are provided herein. The heterotrophic growth conditions include low irradiance of light sufficient to initiate light-activated metabolism, but not photosynthesis. The methods provide a cost effective and environmentally friendly solution for converting wastewater from dried fruit and wine industries into products like biofuels.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel phosphate solubilizing strain of Penicillium bilaiae, which is a hybrid of Penicillium bilaiae ATCC 22348 and Penicillium bilaiae V08/021001, as well as compositions and methods for using the novel phosphate solubilizing strain to increase the availability of phosphorous for plant uptake from soil.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods of culturing an adherent mammalian cell in a shake tube using a plurality of microcarriers and batch re-feed perfusion, and various methods that utilize these culturing methods.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing ?-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids by culturing specific myxobacterial stains and myxobacterial strains suitable for said method.

Abstract: Provided are uses of Bacteroides in preparation of a medicament. The medicament is for use in treatment or prevention of obesity and obesity-related diseases. Also provided are a pharmaceutical composition, a medicament, a food product, and an animal feed that comprise Bacteroides, uses thereof in treatment or prevention of obesity and obesity-related diseases, and a method for treatment or prevention of obesity and obesity-related diseases.

Abstract: This invention provides methods and biomarkers for diagnosing autism by identifying cellular metabolites differentially produced in autistic patient samples versus non-autistic controls. Methods for identifying a unique profile of metabolites present or secreted in brain tissue, cerebrospinal fluid, plasma, or biofluids of autistic samples are described herein. The individual metabolites or a pattern of secreted metabolites provides metabolic signatures of autism, which can be used to provide a diagnosis thereof.

Abstract: The disclosure concerns a detergent composition comprising one or more anionic surfactants; an enzyme selected from the group consisting of: a protease, a lipase, a cutinase, an amylase, a carbohydrase, a cellulase, a pectinase, a mannanase, an arabinase, a galactanase, a xylanase, and an oxidase; and a deoxyribonuclease (DNase), as well as methods for washing a textile.

Abstract: A bacteria starter material for use in biomass generators without causing jamming of the feeder mechanism, particularly under high temperature and/or high humidity conditions, the starter material comprising one or more species of waste-decomposing bacteria, sucrose, and a soy based protein. Preferably, DI-PAC® sugar (sucrose and maltodextrin) and powdered KIKKOMAN® Soy Sauce are used as the sugar and protein ingredients. The starter material may also comprise a dried bran culture comprising Pseudomonas. The starter material ingredients are blended together and formed into a tablet or pellet having a particular shape, size, and hardness characteristics suitable for use in the feeder mechanism of a biomass generator.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for producing methacrylyl-CoA that converts 3-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA into methacrylyl-CoA using an enzyme having dehydratase activity as a method for producing methacrylyl-CoA using an enzyme catalyst. In this production method, conversion rate of 3-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA into methacrylyl-CoA by the enzyme having dehydratase activity is 50% or higher. In this production method, furthermore, the enzyme having dehydratase activity derives from a microorganism belonging to the genus Pseudomonas or Rhodococcus.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for quantifying an amount of plasmalogens in samples with high accuracy in an easy, convenient and inexpensive manner by using a hydrolysis processing to samples and a lipid extraction followed by the measurement using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with Evaporative Light Scattering Detector (ELSD) or Mass Spectrometer (MS), a fluorescence plate reader or a plate reader. The present invention also relates to a method for examining a subject by using the above method, a biomarker for disease detection, a method for using the biomarker for the disease detection, as well as a kit for the disease detection.

Abstract: The invention relates to a porous planar cell capture system for use in determining the presence and/or amount of cells, for example, viable cells, in a liquid sample, and to methods of using such a cell capture system. The cell capture system contains a fluid permeable, planar membrane adopted to retain cells thereon, a fluid permeable support member that supports the membrane, and an optional register associated with the membrane.

Abstract: In situ optical analysis of bacterial endospores can be inhibited when the endospores are present within an optically active carrier medium. To help isolate the endospores from the carrier medium, in some examples, the carrier medium is passed through a hydrophobic material that captures the endospores via hydrophobic attraction. Subsequently, a germination fluid and lanthanide source, such as terbium, can be added to the bacterial endospores captured on the hydrophobic material to form a lanthanide-dipicolinic acid complex in the germination fluid. The germination fluid can then be optically analyzed by measuring the fluorometric response of the lanthanide-dipicolinic acid complex to determine a concentration of the bacterial endospores in the carrier medium.

Abstract: Suppository compositions are provided combining a pharmaceutically acceptable matrix material that is solid outside of the human body and in a dry environment, but which melts at body temperature; and apple cider vinegar and one or more species of probiotic bacteria dispersed within the matrix material; wherein the matrix material contains a mixture of fatty acids that are solid at room temperature. Methods for supplementing and nourishing the microbiome of the rectum of a male or female and the microbiome of the vagina of a female are also disclosed. Oral dosage forms of the compositions of the present invention are also provided.

Abstract: This invention provides optimized fermentation of cellulosic and hemicellulosic sugars. Biomass-derived hemicellulosic and cellulosic sugars are independently conditioned and separately fermented, utilizing reuse and recycle of microorganisms, metabolic intermediates, and nutrients. Conditioned sugars can be fermented in separate vessels, where excess cells from glucose fermentation are conveyed to hemicellulose sugar fermentation along with raffinate from solvent recovery, to enhance productivity and product yield.

Abstract: This document provides methods and materials involved in identifying mammals having lung adenocarcinoma characterized by neuroendocrine differentiation as well as methods and materials involved in treating mammals having lung adenocarcinoma characterized by neuroendocrine differentiation. For example, methods and materials for using ASCL1 and RET expression levels to identify lung cancer patients having lung adenocarcinoma characterized by neuroendocrine differentiation are provided.