Abstract: A method of preparing graphene includes supplying a gas on a metal catalyst, the gas including CO2, CH4, and H2O, and reacting and cooling the resultant.

Abstract: The present invention provides an emulsion for sorting droplets in a microfluidic device, the emulsion comprising: a discontinuous aqueous phase; and a continuous oil phase; wherein said aqueous phase comprises at least one analyte, said oil phase comprises a fluorous oil and a refractive index modifying compound comprising at least one aromatic ring, and the refractive index of said aqueous phase and the refractive index of said oil phase are substantially matched.

Abstract: Particles are provided for use in therapeutic and/or diagnostic procedures. The particles include poly[bis(trifluoroethoxy)phosphazene] and/or a derivatives thereof which may be present throughout the particles or within an outer coating of the particles. The particles can also include a core having a hydrogel formed from an acrylic-based polymer. Barium sulfate may also be provided to the core of the particles as a coating or absorbed within the core of the particles. The particles can be used to minimize blood flow to mammalian tissues by occluding at least a portion of a blood vessel of the mammal, or to deliver an active agent to a localized area within a body of a mammal by contacting a localized area with at least one of the particles. Further, the particles are useful in sustained release formulations including active agent(s) for oral administration, as tracer particles for injection into the bloodstream of a mammal or for use in enhanced ultrasound imaging.

Abstract: The present invention relates to pH-tunable, highly activatable multicolored fluorescent nanoplatforms and methods of using the nanoplatforms in a variety of applications including, but not limited to, investigating fundamental cell physiological processes such as pH regulation in endocytic vesicles, endosome/lysosome maturation, and effect of pH on receptor cycling and trafficking of subcellular organelles.

Abstract: Systems, techniques and methods for estimating the metabolic state or flux, e.g., the body energy state (“BES”) of a patient, are disclosed. The BES provides deep insight into the nutritional needs of the patient, thus allowing for a sort of exquisite glycemic control with regard to the patient. The invention discloses systems and methods for estimating fractional gluconeogenesis, which is the % of glucose production that comes from gluconeogenesis (“GNG”), as opposed to glycogenolysis (“GLY”), the other form of glucose production. Nutritional formulations, materials, cocktails and methods for feeding patients by parenteral and other means are disclosed. The amount, type and rate of such nutritional feeding are typically based upon the above estimating. The invention discloses formulations that contain labels, such as deuterium, for medical diagnostics, such as for estimating BES and fractional gluconeogenesis.

Abstract: A nanosensor-containing polymer composition for the monitoring of physiological parameters and a method for making the composition are disclosed. The composition includes a fluid nanosensor-containing polymer that becomes rigid in the presence of physiological conditions. In the fluid form, the composition can be suitable for injection on to or into the skin. In the rigid form, the nanosensor is substantially immobilized in the polymer. The method includes forming a mixture comprising a nanosensor and polymer precursor(s), subjecting the mixture to conditions suitable for forming the fluid form of the composition; and subjecting the fluid form to physiological conditions to provide a rigid nanosensor-containing composition.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to methods of treating hypertension (HTN) in patients in need thereof wherein the patient optionally further suffers from chronic kidney disease (CKD) or Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The invention also relates to methods of treating hyperkalemia in a patient in need thereof, wherein the patient suffers from CKD, T2DM or HTN and are optionally being treated with an effective amount of a renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) agent. The invention also relates to methods of treating kidney disease in a patient in need thereof, wherein the patient is optionally being treated with an effective amount of a renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) agent. The methods can comprise administering an effective amount of a potassium-binding agent to the patient to lower the patient's blood pressure and/or increase or stabilize the patient's kidney function.

Abstract: Dosage forms for oral administration of a PDE 4 inhibitor whose solubility is slight are described. They contain PVP as binder.

Abstract: Provided herein are nanoparticles that include a lipid layer and a compartment surrounded by the lipid layer. The lipid layer may include a lipid and a lipoprotein. The lipid may include a POPE lipid covalently attached to a hydrophilic polymer by a disulfide bond. The lipoprotein may include a trigger protein. The concentration of the first lipid may be between 1 mol % and 30 mol %. The disulfide bond of the first lipid is stable under conditions that include 10% human serum and is broken under conditions that include 50 micromolar glutathione. The hydrophilic polymer may include a PEG molecule. The trigger protein may include an amino acid repeat region, such as (GPX)n. The trigger protein may include a peptide bond that is cleaved by a gelatinase (e.g., gelatinase-B protease), or a member of the ADAM family of proteases (e.g., ADAM10 protease). Also provided are methods of using the nanoparticles.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a fibrous tissue sealant in the form of an anhydrous fibrous sheet comprising a first component which is a fibrous polymer containing electrophilic or nucleophilic groups and a second component capable of crosslinking the first component when the sheet is exposed to an aqueous medium, thereby forming a crosslinked hydrogel that is adhesive to biological tissue. The fibrous tissue sealant may be useful as a general tissue adhesive for medical and veterinary applications such as wound closure, supplementing or replacing sutures or staples in internal surgical procedures, tissue repair, and to prevent post-surgical adhesions. The fibrous tissue sealant may be particularly suitable for use as a hemostatic sealant to stanch bleeding from surgical or traumatic wounds.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a composition that is liquid at a temperature below the body temperature of a mammal and that solidifies at or above the body temperature of the mammal. The composition includes a thermally-desolubilizable polymer interspersed with a polymeric component of extracellular matrix and an encapsulated form of an amine compound (preferably an aminated component of extracellular matrix) that is de-encapsulated in the body of the mammal. The polymeric component is able to form covalent bonds with amine moieties in the aminated component, in one or more tissues in the body of the mammal, or both. Upon injection of a liquid suspension of these components into the body of the mammal, the thermally-desolubilizable polymer condenses, entrapping the polymeric component. The polymeric component binds covalently with a tissue in the body, and the aminated component end-caps the remaining reactive moieties of the polymeric component, forming a matrix at the site of injection.

Abstract: Devices and methods for the treatment of open and closed wound spinal cord injuries are disclosed. For example, described herein are devices and methods for mitigating secondary injury to, and promoting recovery of, spinal cord primary injuries. More particularly, certain embodiments of the present invention are directed to polymeric mini-tubes that may be used for the treatment of spinal cord injuries. In addition, other embodiments are directed to polymeric “fill-in” bandages that may be used for the treatment of spinal cord injuries. For example, an erodible, or biodegradable, form of biocompatible polymer of the present invention is fabricated for surgical implantation into the site of the spinal cord injury.

Abstract: A nanosensor-containing polymer composition for the monitoring of physiological parameters and a method for making the composition are disclosed. The composition includes a nanosensor disposed in a crosslinked, hydrophilic polymer for transdermal application into an intradermal environment. The method involves forming a mixture including nanosensors and a crosslinked polymer precursor, and subjecting the mixture to conditions suitable for crosslinking the polymer precursor to provide a nanosensor-containing crosslinked polymer.

Abstract: Conjugates of polymers or copolymers having attached thereto an anti-angiogenesis agent and a bisphosphonate bone targeting agent, and processes of preparing same, are disclosed. Pharmaceutical compositions containing these conjugates and uses thereof in the treatment of bone related disorders are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a nanophosphor and a synthesis method thereof, and provides a nanophosphor comprising a first compound of Formula 1, wherein the first compound is fluoride-based one which is co-doped with Ce3+ and Tb3+. NaGd1?p?q?rMrF4:Ce3+p,Tb3+q??(1) In the Formula 1, descriptions on the p, q, r and M are overlapped with what was described in the detailed description of the present invention, so their concrete description are omitted. The nanophosphor has good light emission intensity and magnetic property as well as up-conversion and/or down-conversion property able to emit visible light after excitation by infrared and/or ultraviolet rays, so can be applied to a contrast agent and a counterfeit prevention code.

Abstract: The present invention relates to dendrimer synthesis. Specifically, the present invention relates to dendrimer compositions (e.g., scaffolds) capable of copper-free click conjugation for use in the synthesis of functionalized dendrimers, and methods of use of the same.

Abstract: A new material was assessed in a patellar reattachment model in sheep and evaluated using histology and biomechanical testing. Overall, these materials showed they produced minimal reactivity histologically. The new material had higher failure strength overall compared to a previous study with the control material as repairs completed with PLG/CS/TCP anchors were significantly stronger compared to repairs with PLLA anchors.

Abstract: Methods and compositions related to targeting agents to tumor tissue are described.

Abstract: The disclosure generally relates to formation of polymers grafted to or polymerized from the surface of gold nanoparticles. The polymers are functionalized to include therapeutic agents and/or targeting agents at their surface, thereby allowing both therapeutic and targeting compounds to be directed to specific cells in a patient.

Abstract: The invention generally relates to synthetic mimics of cell penetrating peptides. More particularly, the invention relates to certain novel monomers, oligomers and polymers (e.g., co-polymers) that are useful for the preparation of synthetic mimics of cell penetrating peptides, their compositions, preparations and use.