Abstract: Provided are methods and devices for preparing biuret and cyanuric acid by thermal decomposition of urea. Specifically, a product of thermal decomposition is cooled to precipitate a crystal and the precipitated crystal is dissolved using an alkali aqueous solution and cooled to obtain biuret having high purity. Furthermore, the cyanuric acid that is one of byproducts by the thermal decomposition of urea is effectively recovered with high purity.

Abstract: Systems and methods for producing urea are provided. A method for producing urea can include exchanging heat from a syngas comprising hydrogen and carbon dioxide to a urea solution comprising urea and ammonium carbamate. The heat transferred can be sufficient to decompose at least a portion of the ammonium carbamate. In one or more embodiments, the syngas can be reacted with liquid ammonia to provide a carbon dioxide lean syngas and an ammonium carbamate solution. The ammonium carbamate solution can be heated to a temperature of about 180° C. or more. At least a portion of the ammonium carbamate in the heated ammonium carbamate solution can be dehydrated to provide the urea solution.

Abstract: A method of preparation of (R)-(?)-5-(2-aminopropyl)-2-methoxybenzenesulfonamide of formula I and its use for production tamsulosin. A protective group is introduced to N-[(1R)-2(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-methylethyl]-N-[(1R)-1-phenylethyl)]amine and the resulting amide of formula IX is chlorosulfonated and the resulting sulfochloride is converted to a sulfonamide of formula X, from which the compound of formula I is obtained by hydrogenation.

Abstract: Crystalline form III of the compound of formula (I): characterized by its powder X-ray diffraction diagram. Medicinal products containing the same which are useful in the treatment of melatoninergic disorders.

Abstract: Alkyl-2-enoic acid esters of formula wherein R1 is C4, C5, or C6 linear or branched alkyl, e.g. n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, 3-methyl-butyl, 2-methyl-butyl, 1-methyl-butyl. 1-ethyl-propyl, 1,2-dimethyl-propyl, 2-ethylbutyl; and R2 and R3 are independently hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, with the proviso that a maximum of one of R2 and R3 is hydrogen; with the proviso that if R2 is hydrogen and R3 is methyl, R1 is not butyl or 1,3-dimethylbutyl, their manufacture and their use in flavor and fragrance compositions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a production method of asymmetric compound (IV) which includes conjugately adding nucleophilic reagent (III) to compound (II) in the presence of asymmetric urea compound (I). The present invention provides a non-metallic asymmetric catalyst capable of realizing a highly stereoselective asymmetric conjugate addition reaction in a high yield, and an advantageous production method of an asymmetric compound by an asymmetric conjugate addition reaction using the asymmetric catalyst.

Abstract: There are provided organic acid anion containing aluminum salt hydroxide particles represented by the following general formula (I): Ma[Al1-xM?x]bAzBy(OH)n.mH2O??(I) (wherein M is at least one cation selected from the group consisting of Na+, K+, NH4+ and H3O+, M? is at least one metal cation selected from the group consisting of Cu2+, Zn2+, Ni2+, Sn4+, Zr4+, Fe2+, Fe3+ and Ti4+, A is at least one organic acid anion, B is at least one inorganic acid anion, and a, b, m, n, x, y and z satisfy 0.7?a?1.35, 2.7?b?3.3, 0?m?5, 4?n?7, 0?x?0.6, 1.7?y?2.4, and 0.001?z?0.5, respectively.) The particles are in the shape of grains, pairs, rectangular parallelepiped, disks (go stones), hexagonal plates, rice grains or cylinders and have a uniform particle diameter.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of urea from ammonia and carbon dioxide in a urea plant that contains a high-pressure synthesis section and one or more recovery section(s) at a lower pressure, the high-pressure synthesis section comprising a reactor, a stripper and a condenser, with gases leaving the high-pressure synthesis section being condensed in a medium-pressure condenser at 0.5-12 MPa to which also a carbamate stream from one of the recovery sections is supplied, after which at least a part of the formed condensate is supplied to the high-pressure condenser.

Abstract: The invention provides novel ?2 adrenergic receptor agonist compounds. The invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds, methods of using such compounds to treat diseases associated with ?2 adrenergic receptor activity, and processes and intermediates useful for preparing such compounds.

Abstract: A method for revamping a urea plant of the type comprising a synthesis section (2) having a urea synthesis reactor (5), a thermal stripping unit (7) and at least one horizontal condensation unit (6), a treatment section (3) operating at medium pressure and a recovery section (4) operating at low pressure foresees the transformation of said at least one horizontal condensation unit (6) into a vertical condensation unit of the submerged type comprising a tube bundle and the provision of means (37, 41) for feeding a flow comprising ammonia and carbon dioxide in vapor phase and a flow of condensation liquid comprising carbamate simultaneously and independently in each of the tubes of said tube bundle with circulation inside said tubes in equicurrent from the bottom towards the top, and means (39, 50) for feeding at least one part of the feed carbon dioxide into said stripping unit (7) for use as stripping agent.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a novel crystal of a novel triterpene derivative, a method for producing the crystals, and a pharmaceutical preparation obtained by using the crystals.

Abstract: A process for urea production from ammonia and carbon dioxide, in which part of the aqueous solution comprising urea, ammonium carbamate and ammonia obtained in a urea synthesis section is subjected to dissociation in a treatment section operating at a predetermined medium pressure for the recovery of the ammonium carbamate and of the ammonia contained in it, comprises the step of subjecting the urea aqueous solution resulting from the aforementioned dissociation step to decomposition in a low pressure urea recovery section.

Abstract: Provided is an ionic liquid, represented by the formula K+A?, having a very low content of impurities, especially a low content of halogen ions and/or a low content of alkali metal, wherein K+is a quaternary ammonium ion, for example an imidazolium ion. Also provided is a quaternarization process for making the ionic liquid in reacted with an acid ester such as a sulfate or phosphate.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a process for producing polyalkylated arylalkyl sulfonic acids by reacting arylalkyl sulfonic acids with olefins. The polyalkylated arylalkyl sulfonic acids may be further neutralized with alkalis or amines to form the corresponding sulfonated salts. The present invention also makes possible manufacture of polyalkylated arylalkyl sulfonic acids as first intent products using an inexpensive and simple reaction. The structure of the polyalkylated arylalkyl sulfonic acids produced using the process described in the present invention is shown below: Where R1, R2 and R3 are each separately and independently H, alkyl (branched or linear C1 to C30), (—CH2CH2O)a, (—CH(CH3)CH2O)b, or (—CH2CH2O)c(—CH2(CH3)CH2O)d, m+n=8 to 28 R4=CH2CH3, CH2CH3Y or Y(CH2)pCH(CH2)qY p+q=0 to 27 a=1 to 30 b=1 to 30 c+d=2 to 30 Y=CH3, COOH, CH2OH, CH2(—CH2CH2O)a, CH2(—CH(CH3)CH2O)b, CH2(—CH2CH2O)c(—CH2(CH3)CH2O)d, aromatic, or substituted aromatic.

Abstract: A solid catalyst used in, for example, production of a perfluoroalkyl iodide telomer is effectively and continuously recovered and the recovered catalyst is continuously recycled to the reactor for reuse. A slurry containing a reaction product and the catalyst is drawn from the reaction system, and the catalyst in the drawn slurry is classified by means of a hydrocyclone, whereby a high-concentration slurry whose catalyst concentration is higher than that of the drawn slurry and a low-concentration slurry whose catalyst concentration is lower than that of the drawn slurry are obtained, and the high-concentration slurry is recycled to the reaction system.

Abstract: In a process for preparing alkylaryl compounds by reacting a C10-14-monoolefin mixture with an aromatic hydrocarbon in the presence of an alkylation catalyst to form alkyl aromatic compounds and if appropriate subsequently sulfonating and neutralizing the resulting alkylaryl compounds, in the C10-14-monoolefins, on average, more than 0% and up to 100% of methyl branches are present in the longest carbon chain and fewer than 50% of the methyl branches are in the 2-, 3- and 4-position, calculated starting from the chain ends of the longest carbon chain.

Abstract: A diamine of formula (I) is described, in which A is hydrogen or a saturated or unsaturated C1-C20 alkyl group or an aryl group; B is a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C20 alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkaryl, alkaryl or aryl group or an alkylamino group and at least one of X1, X2, Y1, Y2 or Z is a C1-C10 alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkaryl, aralkyl or alkoxy substituting group. The chiral diamine may be used to prepare catalysts suitable for use in transfer hydrogenation reactions.

Abstract: The invention pertains to an improved apparatus comprised of a monolith catalytic reactor having an inlet and an outlet and a static mixer having an inlet and an outlet thereto with the outlet of said static mixer in communication with the inlet of said monolith catalytic reactor. The invention also pertains to an improvement in a process for effecting a reaction in the monolith catalytic reactor wherein a reactant gas and reactant liquid are introduced to the inlet to the monolith catalytic reactor, reacted and, then, the reaction product passed through the outlet of the monolith catalytic reactor.

Abstract: In order to provide a method of synthesizing a compound in which activity of a catalyst is maintained even when the catalyst is recovered after the completion of the coupling reaction using a palladium-containing perovskite-type composite oxide as the catalyst and used repeatedly and the reaction can be carried out in a high yield, a palladium-containing perovskite-type composite oxide is used as a synthesis reaction catalyst and a reaction solvent containing an alkoxy alcohol is used as a reaction solvent in Suzuki Cross-Couplings given by the following general formula (15).

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing (Z)-1-phenyl-1-diethylaminocarbonyl-2-aminomethylcyclopropane or hydrochloride thereof, which comprises a step of reacting (Z)-1-phenyl-1-diethylaminocarbonyl-2-phthalimidomethylcyclopropane by contacting said compound with an aqueous methylamine solution having a concentration of from 1 to 25% by weight to obtain (Z)-1-phenyl-1-diethylaminocarbonyl-2-aminomethylcyclopropane.