Abstract: A process for preparing hydrocarbons from an oxygenated hydrocarbon feedstock, such as animal fat, having a high nitrogen impurity is described. Hydrotreatment of the oxygenated feedstock occurs in a first hydrotreating bed arranged downstream of a polishing bed. A gaseous phase is removed and the liquid hydrotreated phase is fed to the polishing bed arranged upstream of the first hydrotreating bed together with fresh hydrogen. The process effectively removes nitrogen impurities from the resultant hydrocarbon product causing an improved cloud point after isomerisation, and the arrangement makes efficient use of fresh hydrogen for polishing, providing a polished hydrocarbon product rich in dissolved hydrogen. Part of the product can be used as hydrocarbon diluent in the downstream hydrotreating bed, and/or withdrawn between the polishing and hydrotreating bed and isomerised in an isomerisation reactor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing olefins from a hydrocarbon feedstock 11 with a sulfur content of at least 0.1 weight %, an initial boiling point of at least 180° C. and a final boiling point of at least 600° C.

Abstract: The present invention offers some general specifications for the design, assembly, and adaptation of a rotating cylinder electrochemical cell into an autoclave, of a high temperature and pressure system for corrosion studies that simulate operating conditions in pipelines, as well as the operation and safety of an autoclave to evaluate the electrochemical process of metal surfaces exposed to aggressive aqueous solutions. The electrochemical cell consists of an array of three electrodes that include a rotating cylinder electrode designed to operate hermetically, a reference electrode and an auxiliary electrode. The rotating cylinder electrode is considered to be the working electrode, where the oxidation and electrochemical reduction processes are studied. However, the use of the method described in this work can be extended to other testing environments and materials by taking into account the physical and chemical properties of the fluids and materials to be used in order to avoid any risk for the operator.

Abstract: An atomizer for use in a water treatment system includes an influent inlet, to receive a flow of fluid containing contaminants a gas flow inlet, to receive a flow of gas to be mixed with the fluid in a mixing zone, an airflow controlling component, including an array of vanes disposed between the gas flow inlet and the mixing zone to impart a rotational component to a direction of flow of the gas. A channel receives the flow of fluid containing contaminants, and conducts the flow of fluid containing contaminants to the mixing zone, wherein radially outwardly flowing fluid containing contaminants is mixed with radially inwardly flowing gas to atomize the fluid containing contaminants, and an outlet.

Abstract: Aqueous treatment compositions for crude oil and/or petroleum distillates to remove sulfur compounds therefrom and treatment methods using such compositions are disclosed. The composition has less than 0.5% wt/wt di- or tri-benzohydroxy compound, a strong base, less than 1% wt/wt divalent metal gluconate, a balance of water, and a pH that is 9 or greater. The treatment method includes adding said treatment composition to crude oil or a petroleum distillate to form a mixture having 0.001% to 0.02% wt di- or tri-benzohydroxy compound/wt oil and 0.001% to 0.03% wt divalent metal gluconate/wt oil and mixing the same together.

Abstract: A quartz crystal microbalance coated with functionalized nanoparticles used to detect molecule-nanoparticle interactions to assist with characterization of difficult to predict molecule-nanoparticle interactions for novel ligand chemistries and, particularly, mixed ligand nanoparticles exhibiting different ligand morphologies, in order to quantify nanoparticle-molecule interactions independently from more complex solvation requirements.

Abstract: Integrated gas oil separation plant systems and methods, one system including a crude oil inlet feed stream; a low pressure production trap (LPPT); a low pressure degassing tank (LPDT); a first heat exchanger, where the first heat exchanger is fluidly disposed between the LPPT and LPDT, and is fluidly coupled to both the LPPT and LPDT, and where the first heat exchanger is operable to heat the LPDT inlet feed stream with compressed gas removed from the crude oil inlet feed stream; a first inline gas mixer preceding the LPPT to directly mix compressed gas from the LPDT into the LPPT inlet feed stream; and a LPDT recycle water stream, where the LPDT recycle water stream is operable to supply recycle water from the LPDT to the LPPT inlet feed stream.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for hydrocracking mineralized refuse pyrolysis oil. The method may use the following steps: (a) crushing and pyrolyzing mineralized refuse to obtain arene and alkane precursor biomass oil; (b) hydrogenating the arene and alkane precursor biomass oil obtained in step (a), and separating the obtained hydrocrackate to obtain arene and alkane; and (c) purifying, recovering and optimizing the arene and alkane obtained in step (b), and performing deep processing to produce naphtha, jet fuel, light diesel oil, and heavy diesel oil.

Abstract: An atmospheric-vacuum heat exchange system with a winding-tube heat exchanger, has a first and second heat exchanging group; a primary distillation tower (4) or flash tower; an atmospheric furnace (5); an atmospheric tower (6); a vacuum furnace (7) and a vacuum tower (8); each winding-tube heat exchanger has a shell-pass cylinder (370), a first and second shell-pass connecting tube (371,372), a first and second tube plate (330,340), a plurality of first and second tube box (310,320), a plurality of heat exchange tubes (360) spirally wounded with multiple spiral tube layers; the number of the first and second tube box (310, 320) are respectively N, and each spiral tube layer has N group(s) of the wounded heat exchange tubes (360), N is a natural number greater than or equal to 1. The loss of heat exchanger is reduced.

Abstract: A method of cleaning a condensate thermosyphon reboiler including modifying a flow rate of a hot oil stream introduced into the tube-side of a first condensate thermosyphon reboiler, modifying a flow rate of a condensate hydrocarbon stream introduced into the shell-side of the first condensate thermosyphon reboiler, and maintaining an operation of the condensate stabilizer system until the value of an overhead temperature of the first condensate thermosyphon reboiler is detected to have been modified from the first overhead temperature to a second overhead temperature. The method further includes modifying the flow rate of the condensate hydrocarbon stream from the second condensate flow rate to the first condensate flow rate, and modifying the flow rate of the hot oil stream from the second hot oil flow rate to the first hot oil flow rate.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for preparing fuel components from waste pyrolysis oil. Exemplary embodiments include providing a waste pyrolysis oil having plastic pyrolysis oil and/or tyre pyrolysis oil, and impurities; purifying the waste pyrolysis oil by hydrothermal treatment with water or alkaline water; separating the hydrothermally treated waste pyrolysis oil from an aqueous phase; preparing a hydroprocessing feed from the hydrothermally treated waste pyrolysis oil; hydroprocessing the hydroprocessing feed catalytically with hydrogen to cause hydrogenation; and recovering a hydrocarbon fraction boiling in a liquid fuel range.

Abstract: A system for processing plastic waste may include a feed line, a feed fractionator, a hydrotreater, a catalytic reforming unit, a heavy oil cracker, and a steam cracker. A pyrolyzed plastics feed is separated into light, medium, and heavy hydrocarbon streams. The hydrotreater removes sulfur, and the catalytic reforming unit produces a circular aromatic-rich stream. The heavy oil cracker generates cracked streams. The steam cracker produces a circular olefin stream from a cracked stream. A system for processing plastic waste may include the feed line, the feed fractionator, the hydrotreater, a medium hydrocarbon fractionator, the catalytic reforming unit, a full-range reforming unit, the heavy oil cracker, and the steam cracker. The medium hydrocarbon fractionator produces two hydrocarbon streams. The full-range naphtha reforming unit produces a second circular aromatic-rich stream.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to systems, methods, and processes for catalytic hydrocarbon reformation.

Abstract: The invention relates to devices for disposal of solid and/or liquid waste, in particular, to devices for disposing waste by ionic-electronic destruction method. The invention broadens a range of devices for treating waste, and has an enlarged area of formation of corona discharge streamers, avoiding a need for a source of high-voltage pulses. The technical effect is attained by a device for ionic-electronic destruction of waste. The device includes a waste feed unit, a source of electrically charged substance particles, a suction air fan, an output tube, and a reactor. The reactor is implemented as a closed cavity with an input opening connected to the waste feed unit, with an output opening for removing gaseous destruction products connected to the output tube, and with an additional input opening connected to an outlet of the source of electrically charged substance particles.

Abstract: A fluid catalytic cracking unit fractionator comprising a fractionator column having a slurry pumparound section and a bottom liquid section. The slurry pumparound section comprises an upper bed and a lower bed each disposed in the fractionator column. The slurry pumparound section further comprises an upper liquid distributor (such as a spray header comprising a plurality of upper nozzles) disposed above the upper bed and configured to distribute liquid from the bottom liquid section onto the upper bed. The slurry pumparound section also comprises a lower liquid distributor (such as a spray header comprising a plurality of lower nozzles) disposed below the upper bed and above the lower bed and configured to distribute liquid from the bottom liquid section onto the lower bed.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to demulsifying polymers of Formula (I): demulsifier compositions containing the compound of Formula (I), and methods of using the polymers and compositions for separating water-in-oil emulsions.

Abstract: A method for determining a rate of sedimentation or of creaming of a mixture in suspension, including an application of a sample of the mixture in suspension to a photonic microresonator, an application of a first optical signal at the input of the photonic microresonator carrying the sample of the mixture in suspension, an acquisition and a recording of a second optical signal, delivered at the output of the microresonator carrying the sample of the mixture in suspension, and a determination of information representing a rate of sedimentation or of creaming of the mixture from the recorded second signal, by successive iterations of spectral analysis of the second optical signal.

Abstract: Methods are provided to prepare a low sulfur fuel from hydrocarbon sources, such as light tight oil and high sulfur fuel oil, often less desired by conventional refiners, who split crude into a wide range of differing products and may prefer presence of wide ranges (C3 or C5 to C20 or higher) of hydrocarbons. These fuels can be produced by separating feeds into untreated and treated streams, and then recombining them. Such fuels can also be formulated by combinations of light, middle and heavy range constituents in a selected manner as claimed. Not only low in sulfur, the fuels of this invention are also low in nitrogen and essentially metals free. Fuel use applications include on-board large marine transport vessels but also on-shore for large land based combustion gas turbines, boilers, fired heaters and transport vehicles and trains.

Abstract: A multi-stage process for transforming a high sulfur ISO 8217 compliant Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil involving a core desulfurizing process that produces a Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil that can be used as a feedstock for subsequent refinery process such as anode grade coking, needle coking and fluid catalytic cracking. The Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil exhibits multiple properties desirable as a feedstock for those processes including a sulfur level has a maximum sulfur content (ISO 14596 or ISO 8754) between the range of 0.05 mass % to 1.0 mass. A process plant for conducting the process is also disclosed.

Abstract: Provided are an apparatus and a method for refining pyrolysis oil in which a dechlorination reaction is performed under a first hydrotreating catalyst. Hydrogen chloride as a by-product is removed, and then a denitrification reaction is performed under a second hydrotreating catalyst, thereby preventing production of an ammonium salt (NH4Cl), and providing refined oil. It is excellent in prevention of corrosion of a reactor, improvement of durability, occurrence of differential pressure, process efficiency, has very low contents of impurities such as chlorine, nitrogen, and metal and olefin, and has excellent quality.