Abstract: An electro-optical device comprising: a pair of substrates, at least one of the substrates being light-transmissive; an electro-optical material sandwiched between the substrates; a plurality of electro-optical switching elements disposed on an inner surface of at least one of the substrates, each of the switching elements including a first electrode layer, a non-linear-resistive layer substantially composed of an amorphous material of silicon and carbon and a picture element electrode electrically connected to the first electrode layer through the non-linear-resistive layer; and a second electrode layer disposed on an inner surface of the other substrate to define a plurality of elements between the second electrode layer and the plurality of picture element electrodes for applying a voltage to the electro-optical material in a desired picture element.

Abstract: An active matrix liquid crystal display device operable on an interlaced scanning scheme and having a plurality of liquid crystal cells and switching active elements for driving the liquid crystal cells. The liquid crystal cells and the switching active elements are arranged in a matrix fashion having rows and columns intersecting with each other. The display device comprises a plurality of sets of rows, each set being comprised of neighboring members of the rows of the matrix; a scanning unit for scanning each set with an interlaced scanning signal during any field, odd-numbered source lines each connected with one of the row forming the respective set, even-numbered source lines each connected with the other of the row forming the respective set; and a signal applying unit for applying an odd-numbered field signal to the odd-numbered source line during any field time and for applying an even-numbered field signal to the even-numbered source line during any field time.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device including a ferroelectric liquid crystal disposed between plates treated to enforce a particular ferroelectric molecular orientation to the plates. The devices employ alone or in combination non-planar boundary conditions, polar boundary conditions, boundaries with multiple physical states, intrinsic spontaneous splay distortion of the polarization orientation field, combined ferroelectric and dielectric torques, layers tilted with respect to the plates. The plates are spaced by a distance sufficiently small to ensure unwinding of the helix typical in a bulk of the material to form either monostable, bistable or multistable states which exhibit novel electro-optic properties. The liquid crystal is responsive to an externally applied electric field, temperature or the like to make a light valve or other electro-optical device.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a projector having an arrangement of polarizers and liquid crystal cells aligned on the axis of light in the order a first color polarizer colored in red, a first twisted nematic liquid crystal cell, a second twisted nematic liquid crystal cell, a second color polarizer colored in a green, a third twisted nematic liquid, a neutral polarizer and Guest-Host type colored in blue. Since, according to this, a polarizer having inferior color characteristics can be replaced by a Guest-Host type liquid crystal cell, the excitation purity and the scope of color reproduction are improved. Further, since the mixture of color is additive, the brightness of the reproduced color is also much improved.

Abstract: Leadless chip carriers supporting the row and column driver circuitry for a Liquid Crystal Display are secured directly to a mulitlayer, flexible connector. The flexible connector is attached to the conductive pads on the edge of a Liquid Crystal Display Panel and is bent perpendicularly to the plane of the Display to provide a space efficient, modular, hermetically sealed packaging arrangement.

Abstract: The present invention realizes display of the intermediate tone by shortening the selection period of the one scanning line and setting a mean voltage level applied to the pixels to 0 by selectively applying the pulse, to the pixels, for initializing the ferroelectric liquid crystal to the saturated reverse response condition and the pulse superposing the high frequency AC pulse to the pulse having a mean voltage of 0 for such pulse and then applying the AC pulse which holds the response condition of ferroelectric liquid crystal while such pulse group is not applied to the pixels, and moreover by controlling a voltage value or duty (rate of the period for applying high frequency AC pulse and the period for not applying the pulse) of the high frequency AC pulse to be superposed to such pulse depending on the display tone.

Abstract: An improved optical memory disc is disclosed which has a liquid crystal layer on which information is written by applying electric field. The liquid crystal layer is sectioned into a plurality of concentric tracks by concentric grooves. When information is written or read, an auto-tracking method can implemented by aid of the grooves.

Abstract: A liquid crystalline color display cell comprises two transparent, parallel substrate plates, 1, 2 (FIG. 1), a seal 3 and a liquid crystalline cell medium 5 which is present between the plates and the ring. The cell medium contains a dichroic, UV light-absorbing substance. Both substrate plates are provided with electrodes 6, 7 and the substrate plate are provided on the viewing side with a layer 9 of phosphors which emit colored light under the influence of UV light.

Abstract: A linear array of liquid crystal shutters mounted near a photoreceptor surface and arranged transversely to the direction of travel of the photoreceptor surface, an array of multiplexed thin film transistors (TFT's) connected to the array of liquid crystal shutters for electrically driving the shutters and logic means connected to the multiplexed array of thin film resistors selectively pulsing the liquid crystal shutters to selectively expose the photoreceptor surface a line at a time. The system further includes a single backplane and circuit means for producing an electric field between the backplane and electrodes of each of the liquid crystal shutters to prevent passage of light through the shutters and means for selectively de-energizing each of the pairs of electrodes for predetermined time period in response to the receipt of input data signals.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device comprising a display screen and liquid crystal element-driving circuits. The display screen has an effective display region with a plurality of transparent electrodes on both sides of liquid crystal elements to make characters visible and a non-display region that is the region other than the effective display region. The driving circuits are divided into two groups. One group is for driving the liquid crystal elements in the effective display region to display desired characters, and the other group is for driving the liquid crystal elements in the non-display region to make the non-display region dark or bright.

Abstract: A method for detecting an electric field surrounding an electrical component with a device having a liquid crystal display element, the device being positioned at a distance from the component and being unconnected ohmically to either the component or ground.

Abstract: A liquid crystal optical device comprising a pair of substrates provided with electrodes and a layer containing a liquid crystal material sandwiched between the pair of substrates, wherein said layer is formed by irradiating light to a mixture of a liquid crystal material and a photo-curable compound selected so that the refractive index of the resulting cured product agrees to either the ordinary refractive index (n.sub.O) or the extraordinary refractive index (n.sub.e) of the liquid crystal material used, or the refractive index (n.sub.x) of the liquid crystal material when it is randomly oriented, held between the pair of substrates provided with electrodes, to cure the photo-curable compound and fix the resulting phase separation of the liquid crystal material and the cured product, wherein said layer has at least a portion optically oriented by applying a voltage to the portion across the substrates during the irradiation of light to cure the photo-curable compound.

Abstract: A projection device for irradiating a light to a display device and optically magnifying and projecting a reflection light therefrom includes a liquid crystal cell, a first polarization device and a reflection device disposed respectively on the opposite side from the irradiated side of the liquid crystal cell and a second polarization device and optical magnifying means disposed respectively on an optical path of the reflection light reflected by said reflection device and outgoing from said liquid crystal cell.

Abstract: An optical modulation device comprises a first substrate having thereon a first conductor film, a second substrate having thereon a second conductor film disposed opposite to the first conductor film, and an optical modulation material disposed between the first and second substrates. The optical modulation device is driven by forming a potential gradient along the extension of the first conductor film or both the first and second conductor films, and applying an information signal to the first or second conductor film.

Abstract: A liquid crystal analog display device that displays along a predetermined path defined by a path outline. It includes a backplane defining the path outline; a plurality of display segments disposed along the path; a display segment backplane; a plurality of outline segments associated with the display segments for further defining the path outline; means for applying an electric potential to the display and outline segments; means for applying an electric potential to the path outline backplane so that there is an a.c. field across the path outline segment and the path outline backplane sufficient to maintain the path outline image; and means for selectively applying an electric field across the display segments and the display segment backplane for establishing an analog image display. There is also disclosed means for applying an electric potential to the backplane defining picket outlines so that there is an a.c.

Abstract: A liquid crystal material contained in plural volumes in a containment medium and operative selectively to transmit light in the presence of a prescribed input or to scatter light, and non-pleochroic dye in at least one of the liquid crystal material and the containment medium. In one embodiment generally isotropic scattering of light by the liquid crystal together with enhanced scattering features which increase the path length of the light through dye results in increased coloration with minimum dye. The enchanced scattering features may be achieved using total internal reflection and/or optical interference principles. In an embodiment the dye is a fluorescent dye.

Abstract: Cell with a double liquid crystal layer using the electrically controlled birefringence effect and process for producing a negative optical anisotropy uniaxial material usable in said cell.The cell can comprise two crossed rectilinear polarizers, three glass plates provided with transparent electrodes and placed between said polarizers, two liquid crystal layers between the plates and, between a plate and a polarizer, a sheet of the medium, whose extraordinary axis is perpendicular to the plates. This sheet can be obtained by heating a thermoplastic polymer up to the isotropic state, under a uniform pressure on the polarizers, cooling and eliminating the pressure. The cell is designed in such a way that the molecules of the respective layers tilt in two directions forming the same angle with the homeotropy direction, when an exciting voltage is applied between the electrodes, said directions, viewed in projection on a plate, also being opposite in the main observation plane.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display element which comprises a pair of transparent electrode bases, each comprised of a transparent electrode, an alignment layer on each of the bases, the bases facing each other with the alignment layer thereof being inside, and a liquid crystal sealed between the bases, in which at least one of the alignment layers is formed by plasma polymerization of acetonitrile.

Abstract: In an active color liquid crystal display element in which display electrodes are arranged in a matrix form within a liquid crystal cell, color filters of three primary colors are each disposed opposite one of the display electrodes, the color filters of the three colors being distributed substantially uniformly, and a thin film transistor connected to each display electrode is controlled, by switching, in accordance with an input color image signal to charge and discharge the display electrode for displaying a color image, the structures of the thin film transistors are selected corresponding to the color filters of the three primary colors so that substantially the same light transmission-voltage characteristic is provided for all the three color filter portions.