Abstract: A large, curved or spherical shell of reinforced concrete is cast without utilization of supporting framework. A casting formwork is in the form of a thin, suspended membrane that is reinforced with a collar. During construction and transport, the membrane is preliminarily equipped with a reinforcing compression ring.
Abstract: A building panel that is generally rectangular is cross section and relatively thick. Recesses are cut in the Styrofoam panel that are shaped to snugly receive studs. The studs are exposed at their ends whereby they can be attached to upper and lower channel shaped structural members. The upper and lower structural members receive ends of top and bottom structural members and are attached thereto which are attached to a building structure. Electric wire chase channels are formed in the Styrofoam panel.