Abstract: A method for improving the corrosion inhibition of lubricating oils especially those of vegetable origin which comprises adding an efficient amount of the reaction product of an epoxidized fatty acid ester, especially an epoxidized methyl ester of an unsaturated fatty acid and a sulphonic acid and a process for producing these reaction products.

Abstract: The invention relates to a liquid-crystalline medium based on a mixture of polar compounds of positive dielectric anisotropy, characterized in that it contains one or more compounds of the general formula I ##STR1## in which Hal is fluorine or chlorine and R is alkyl, oxaalkyl, fluoroalkyl or alkenyl, in each case having up to 7 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Reaction products of polyalkenylsuccinic anhydrides with a prereacted product of polyamine and a cyclic carbonate are used as effective antifoulants in liquid hydrocarbonaceous mediums, such as crude oils, during processing of such liquids at elevated temperatures.

Abstract: A substantially 100% active aqueous solution of one or more phosphonocarboxylic acids and one or more hydroxides, wherein the solution has a slightly alkaline pH. In an alternate embodiment, a dry, free flowing mixture comprising one or more phosphonocarboxylic acids, calcium chloride fines which, on average, are a dihydrate, and hydroxide is disclosed.

Abstract: Geminal dimethylalkyl compounds, process for their preparation and their use in liquid-crystalline mixtures Geminal dimethylalkyl compounds of the formula (I) ##STR1## in which: R.sup.1 is, for example, straight-chain or branched (with or without an asymmetric carbon atom) alkyl or alkenyl having 2 to 16 carbon atoms,A.sup.1, A.sup.2 and A.sup.3 are, for example, identical or different 1,4-phenylene, 1,4-cyclohexylene or pyrimidine-2,5-diyl,M.sup.1 and M.sup.2 are, for example, identical or different CO--O or O--CO,G is for example, identical or different straight-chain or branched alkylene having 1 to 16 carbon atoms,k, l, m and n are zero or 1, andR.sup.6 is straight-cain alkyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms,can advantageously be employed in liquid-crystalline mixtures. In liquid-crystalline mixtures, said compounds result in a melting point depression, in a shift in the temperature limit of the S.sub.c phase in ferroelectric mixtures and in other improvements of important electrooptical characteristic values.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for detection of long-lived radioisotopes in small bio-chemical samples, comprising:a. selecting a biological host in which radioisotopes are present in concentrations equal to or less than those in the ambient biosphere,b. preparing a long-lived radioisotope labeled reactive chemical specie,c. administering said chemical specie to said biologist host in doses sufficiently low to avoid significant overt damage to the biological system thereof,d. allowing a period of time to elapse sufficient for dissemination and interaction of said chemical specie with said host throughout said biological system of said host,e. isolating a reacted fraction of the biological substance from said host in a manner sufficient to avoid contamination of said substance from extraneous sources,f.

Abstract: A stable sodium percarbonate particle that at least the inside of the particle is penetrated and coated with a borate and a process for preparing the same are disclosed.The sodium percarbonate particle of the invention is preparesd by subjecting a dried sodium percarbonate particle and an aqueous solution of a borate to solid-liquid mixing and then drying the mixture.

Abstract: A perhydrolysis system or activated oxidant system for in situ generation of peracid in aqueous solutions is disclosed including a protease enzyme, a source of hydrogen peroxide and an ester substrate having the general structure ##STR1## where R and R' are alkyl groups unsubstituted or substituted with at least one functional group. Preferred substrates are defined which are preferably chemically non-perhydrolyzable. Processes for bleaching and peracid production are also disclosed.

Abstract: This invention relates to reagents and methods for detecting and imaging cardiovascular lesions such as atherosclerotic plaques, vascular clots including thrombi and emboli, myocardial infarction, and other organ infarcts. Monospecific antibody imaging agent conjugates specific for one type of leukocyte, as well as multispecific antibody imaging agent conjugates specific for at least one type of leukocyte and for antigens associated with fibrin, myosin or platelets, are used in the present invention. Multispecific antibody imaging agent conjugates specific for at least two different antigens selected from the group consisting of fibrin-, myosin- and platelet associated antigens are also provided.

Abstract: A ferroelectric chiral smectic liquid crystal composition, comprising at least one compound represented by the following formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 respectively denote a linear or branched alkyl group having 1-18 carbon atoms capable of having a substituent; X.sub.1 and X.sub.2 respectively denote a single bond, --O--, ##STR2## Y.sub.1 denotes --CH.sub.2 O-- or --OCH.sub.2 --; and m and n are respectively 1 or 2; and at least one compound represented by the following formula (II): ##STR3## wherein R.sub.3 denotes a linear or branched alkyl group having 1-18 carbon atoms capable of having a substituent; X.sub.3 denotes a single bond, --O-- or ##STR4## Z denotes a single bond or ##STR5## and p is an integer of 1-12.

Abstract: An oxygen scavenging composition of a carrier, such as a polymer, which is permeable to both oxygen and water or water vapor and an oxygen scavenging compound of an organic compound or salt thereof dispersed relatively uniformly throughout the polymer in an amount effective to act as an oxygen scavenger. The oxygen scavenging compound is a salicylic acid chelate or complex of a transition metal or a salt thereof. The oxygen scavenging composition is activated for scavenging oxygen by contact with water or water vapor which permeates into or through the carrier. A reducing agent of an ascorbate compound may be added to enhance the performance of the salicylic acid chelate or complex. The oxygen scavenging compound may be added to the composition in a dry state, and is inactive until activated for oxygen scavenging by contact with water or water vapor.

Abstract: A novel process for producing powdered carotenoid preparations, in which a suspension of a carotenoid in a high-boiling oil is brought into contact with superheated steam during a maximum period of 30 seconds, and subsequently emulsified the liquified solution of said carotenoid in oil produced by said contact with superheated steam in an aqueous solution of a colloid and then spraying and drying said emulsion to a powder.

Abstract: It would be desirable to replace nitric acid based solutions for surface treating steels and like materials with a sulphuric acid based solution containing hydrogen peroxide, but such replacement solutions lose hydrogen peroxide rapidly through mainly iron-induced decomposition.A surface treatment solution that is based on sulphuric acid and hydrogen peroxide, but has improved stability, contains an effective amount in combination of hydrofluoric acid, are hydroxybenzoic acid and an N-alkoxyphenyl-acetamide. Preferably, the hydroxybenzoic acid is para-hydroxybenzoic acid and the N-alkoxyphenyl-acetamide is N-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-acetamide. It is preferable to employ a saturated solution of each of the two latter components, and this can achieved practically and simply by adding the solid components in the shape of a block or blocks which maintain the saturated solution over an extended period of time.

Abstract: The invention relates to a metal-radionuclide-labelled particulate composition which may be used in the form of a dry aerosol for lung scintigraphy, in particular, for the examination of the mucociliary transport, or for radiotherapy. The composition comprises radioactive labelled particles on a base of silica gel, another silicaceous material or a non-swelling polymer, at the surface of which organic ligands are bound covalently which comprise thiol-, amino-, alkylamino-, oxime-, dithiocarbamate-, xanthate-, thiosemicarbazone-, or dithiosemicarbazone groups or combinations thereof.The invention further relates to a method of preparing the composition and to a kit for carrying out the method.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an aerosol composition containing a carrier agent capable of recognizing and binding to inflammatory and tumor foci mobilizing macrophages in their immediate environment, and an aerosol substrate, characterized in that the said carrier agent consists of a polysaccharide compound selected from the compound D 25, extracted from the membrane proteoglycans of the bacterium Klebsiella pneumoniae and having a molecular weight of 30.+-.0.10 Kd, and the compound oxidized D 25 in which the galactofuranoser residue (Gal.sub.f) of the linear polysaccharide chain of D 25 has been converted to arabinose, and their amide, ester or ether type derivatives, as well as their quaternary ammonium derivatives and salts, and also the derivatives obtained by grafting of phosphatides.

Abstract: A process for the microencapsulation of oil droplets containing a medical drug for oral administration, comprises the steps of mixing the drug with liquid oil by sonication for 5-30 seconds to disperse the drug homogeneously in the oil, and adding the drug-dispersed oil to an aqueous solution mixture to form a two phase system. The aqueous solution mixture will form a capsule material, and comprises a polysaccharide which has metal chelating capacity, a biocompatible and water-soluble polymer for improving the physical properties of the capsule material, and emulsifying agents. The two phase system is then subjected to sonication to produce an oil-in-water emulsion containing the drug-dispersed oil in the form of droplets having a diameter in the range of 1-5 .mu.m. As soon as possible after formation of the emulsion, the emulsion is added to a multivalent cation-containing solution to harden the capsule material.

Abstract: A gel-like emulsion is prepared by adding an oil to a surfactant continuous phase formed of a monoalkyl phosphate salt, polyhydric alcohol and water.The gel-like emulsion is scarcely dependent on temperature, and a fine and uniform O/W emulsion prepared from the gel-like emulsion reveals excellent stability at the time of production and at storage. The gel-like emulsion contains only a small amount of alkyl phosphate surface active agent of low irritativeness, so that it is usable for cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, industrial products and the like, which are required to have low irritation and high safety.

Abstract: A porous light-weight getter which collects particulate and molecular contaminates that is believed a significant improvement over the prior art is provided in which a metal mesh matrix is coated with a low-density porous aerogel. In the prior art bare metal mesh matrices have been employed as getters, which are subject to ablation from high-velocity contaminant particles. In the composite getter of the present invention, the low-density aerogel coating protects the enclosed metal matrix from ablation and also can attract and hold the incoming high-velocity particle. On its part, the metal mesh provides reinforcing support to the aerogel covering and also good thermal conductivity therein so that such covering can be cooled to the low temperatures that attract such contaminants. The invention further provides method for manufacture of the composite getters of the invention.

Abstract: A process for absorbing a water-soluble oil present as an aqueous emulsion in a cutting fluid which comprises contacting said cutting fluid with a composition containing at least one norborene polymer selected from polycyclo [2.2.1]-2-heptene or poly-5-methylbicyclo[2.2.1]-2-heptene, and at least one alkaline earth metal halide as an agent for breaking an aqueous emulsion of a water-soluble oil.

Abstract: Bleaching compositions comprising peroxy acid bleach precursors preferably based on acetylated pentose, hexose or lactose.