Abstract: System and methods for energy adaptive communications between medical devices are disclosed. In one example, a medical device includes a communication module configured to deliver a plurality of pulses to tissue of a patient, where each pulse has an amount of energy. A control module operatively coupled to the communication module, may be configured to, for each delivered pulse, determine whether the delivered pulse produces an unwanted stimulation of the patient and to change the amount of energy of the plurality of pulses over time so as to identify an amount of energy that corresponds to an unwanted stimulation threshold for the pulses. The control module may then set a maximum energy value for communication pulses that is below the unwanted stimulation threshold, and may deliver communication pulses below the maximum energy value during communication with another medical device.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring an electrogastrogram and an intestinal electrogram including at least an electrode fixed to a body surface, an amplifier for amplifying a potential detected by said electrode, a low-pass filter for removing frequency signals other than the potentials of the stomach and the bowel amplified by said amplifier and a recorder.The relationship between the frequency of the input signal of said low-pass filter and the phase of the output signal is made linear.

Abstract: A gas regulating valve, especially for use in breathing valves for diver masks and the like. The valve comprises a sleeve-shaped housing (1) having an inlet chamber (I) and an outlet chamber (II), a main valve body (2) cooperating with a seat (3) separating the inlet chamber (I) from the outlet chamber (II), a piston (12) or the like separating the outlet chamber (II) from a servo chamber (III), and a control valve (5,6) arranged to be opened and closed by the main valve body (2). The control valve (5,6) causes a controlled gas flow to the servo chamber (III), which entails that the main valve body (II) is forced to move such that the seat (6) of the control valve at all times rests sealingly against the valve body (5) of the control valve.

Abstract: A method for in vitro testing glaucoma drainage implants including one-way, pressure gradient limiting valves includes the provision of a fluid environment wherein surface tension effects on the valve are minimal or nonexistant, the location of the valve portion of the implant within the fluid environment, and the application of a gradually varying absolute or average pressure gradient having a small fluctuating pressure superimposed thereon against the valve such that the opening and closing pressures associated with the valve and the presence of any reflux through the valve under pressures below valve closing pressure can be readily and reproducibly determined in vitro.