Abstract: The PDT2 filtering element (PDT2) and a Cauer filter (C2) are employed for use in control tasks of automation engineering, in particular for a filter connected downstream of a rotational speed controller. For tasks in control engineering, these have the advantage of a higher level of robustness, since a large frequency range is filtered, and a substantially smaller phase drop than conventional lowpass filters (PDT2). Consequently, by comparison with the known prior art a loss in dynamics is substantially minimized with these phase-saving lowpass filters, and an optimum is achieved in robustness and dynamics.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for operating a motor. During a commutation state current is applied to a motor while field effect transistors (FETs) are held in an enable or disable state to effect current in phases of the motor. The phases have a high FET and a low FET. Control circuitry is employed to detect back electromotive force and zero crossing (Zc) signals that indicate transition timing for the commutation states. At a transition state the current is decreased in accordance with a noninstaneous decay function and applying a pulse width modulated signal to a switching element. Alternatively, the current is decreased by enabling either all low side FETs or all high side FETs to allow the current to decay. The next commutation state is applied after the current has been reduced, avoiding negative current to be source from ground and reducing current spikes in the motor.

Abstract: A lid adapted to be mounted on the cylinder head of an internal combustion engine by attachment screws includes a cap and a carrier element adapted to be attached to the cylinder head by the attachment screws. To achieve an improved sound decoupling, the cap and the carrier element are connected to an elastomer component, with the connection between the cap and the carrier element being, at least in part, exclusively constructed by the elastomer component, and with a space being provided between the cap and the carrier element. The carrier element possesses a substantially straight section arranged to extending preferably at a right angle to the attachment surface of the cylinder head, the substantially straight section of the carrier element, a portion of the elastomer component adjacent the cap, and a portion of the cap adjacent the carrier element extend in a straight line.

Abstract: There is provided herein a method of defining and storing remixing of existing musical and video works. As a first step, various segments of a digital song or video work are identified, preferably in terms of their starting and ending times. Given the defined loops or video clips, the user next forms a remix of the selected song/video work using those components. The final product, i.e., the resulting remix, can then be completely specified in terms of the loop/clip definitions together with the time at which each of the defined loops/clips appears in the final mix. The remix can thus be compactly stored as a computer file.

Abstract: The present invention provides a motor controller capable of driving a synchronous motor having no position sensor stably at high efficiency by carrying out simple control. In order to attain this purpose, a reactive current is obtained from a motor current and a rotation phase, an error voltage is obtained from the reactive current and the command value of the reactive current, thereby obtaining a motor applied voltage command value Va that is used to compensate for the V/f characteristic of the motor. Furthermore, the motor applied voltage command value Va is applied to an output command computing section, and computed with the rotation phase signal of a wave generation section, thereby obtaining a signal for PWM driving the switching devices of an inverter circuit.

Abstract: A motor speed control circuit includes a switch circuit and a voltage-detection circuit. The voltage-detection circuit is actuated depending upon high or low voltage of a power supply to thereby cause the switch circuit to output high or low operating voltage to a driver circuit of the motor in response to changes of the voltage of the power supply. The motor is adjusted and operated at desired speeds by a rated range of input voltages according to the high or low operating voltage.

Abstract: A system and method for providing a tactile virtual reality to a user is present. The position and orientation of the user is utilized to generate a virtual reality force field. Forces are in turn generated on the user as a function of this force field. A six-axis manipulator is presented for providing a user interface to such a system. This manipulator provides a unique kinematic structure with two constant force springs which provide gravity compensation so that the manipulator effectively floats.

Abstract: A system 10 provides a variable output voltage to a DC brush motor. The system includes a DC brush motor 14, a DC voltage source 12, a step-up, step-down DC/DC converter 16 including a switch 18. The DC/DC converter is constructed and arranged to step-up and step-down voltage from the source to provide an output voltage to the motor between 0 and 42 volts. A control unit 22 is constructed and arranged to receive an input signal 20 and to control the switch based on the input signal to control the motor.

Abstract: A control algorithm provides automatic control of the turn-on angle used to excite the switched-reluctance motor (SRM). The control algorithm determines the turn-on angle that supports the most efficient operation of the motor drive system, and consists of two pieces. The first piece of the control technique monitors the position of the first peak of the phase current (&thgr;p) and seeks to align this position with the angle where the inductance begins to increase (&thgr;m). The second piece of the controller monitors the peak phase current and advances the turn-on angle if the commanded reference current cannot be produced by the controller. The first piece of the controller tends to be active below base speed of the SRM, where phase currents can be built easily by the inverter and &thgr;p is relatively independent of &thgr;m. The second piece of the controller tends to be active above base speed, where the peak of the phase currents tends to naturally occur at &thgr;m, regardless of the current amplitude.

Abstract: In a brushless, electronically commutated direct-current machine, in particular a direct-current motor, having a multiphase stator winding (12) and having electronic power switches (15) that are connected in series with the winding phases (13), in order to rapidly switch off the direct-current machine when there is at least one defective power switch (15), a malfunction protection device is provided, which has a fuse (16) that is electrically heated in the event of a malfunction and that has a fuse wire (17), which carries the machine current (FIG. 1).

Abstract: A control device which controls the current supplied to a motor (1) comprises a phase sensor (2) which detects a rotor phase of the motor (1) at a predetermined angular resolution, and outputs a phase signal corresponding to plural phase determining ranges, a motor drive device (4, 5), and a controller (3). The controller (3) selects one method from plural different methods which determine a current control rotor phase from the phase signal, computes the current control rotor phase from the phase signal using the selected method, computes a command value of the current supplied to the motor (1) using the computed current control rotor phase, and outputs this to the motor drive device (4, 5).

Abstract: Method and system for controlling a permanent magnet machine are provided. The method provides a sensor assembly for sensing rotor sector position relative to a plurality of angular sectors. The method allows starting the machine in a brushless direct current mode of operation using a calculated initial rotor position based on angular sector position information from the sensor assembly. Upon reaching a predefined mode-crossover criterion, the method allows switching to a sinusoidal mode of operation using rotor angle position based on extrapolating angular sector position information from the sensor assembly.

Abstract: An electronically commutatable motor having field windings activatable in sequence with a commutation frequency via semiconductor output stages using control signals connectable and disconnectable from a direct voltage supply, the control signals being clocked using pulse width modulation. Noise generation from connection and disconnection of the current applied to field windings is minimized by flattening of the rising and/or falling edges of the current in the field windings. The pulse width ratio increases in the rising edges of the control signals from a low initial value to an operating value assigned to the setpoint as a function of a selected setpoint for the motor speed or output, and, in the falling edges of the control signals, the pulse width ratio starts from the existing operating value and is reduced to a lower final turn-off value as a function of the existing actual value of the speed or the output of the motor.

Abstract: A damper for a speaker includes an auxiliary damper 12 impregnated with a thermosetting resin, a laminate film 121 laminated on the auxiliary damper 12, and a primary damper formed on the auxiliary damper 12 or the laminate film 121. Alternatively, the damper may include the auxiliary damper 12 impregnated with the thermosetting resin (phenol) and coated with a coating agent, and the primary damper formed on the auxiliary damper and the coating agent 122. Thus, the dual damper which has enhanced reliability in resisting a high power and can be produced at a low cost without variation in the production can be obtained.

Abstract: A drive control system, with PLL control, drives a rotatable multi-phase sensor-less motor by switching a current of a field coil of each phase depending on the rotating phase of the motor. When the motor is driven, a desired phase is selected as a detection phase, and a voltage induced on the coil of the detection phase is detected when power is fed for a predetermined time to the field coils other than the detection phase. A magnetic pole position is detected from the amplitude condition of the detected induced voltage. Based on this detection, the power-feeding phase of the motor drive is determined. Power feeding and pole position detection are performed alternately.

Abstract: An acoustical insulation laminate having a porous polyolefin layer and a process for making the laminate. The laminate preferably includes a porous multiple density polyolefin film, a sound absorbing material and may include a face cloth on one or both sides of the laminate. The porous polyolefin film is preferably disposed between a sound source and the sound absorbing material improving the total noise reduction coefficient of the sound absorbing material alone while reducing the weight of laminates having similar noise reduction capabilities.

Abstract: An underwater audio system includes a framing having at least one speaker mounted thereon and at least one upwardly extending arm member. The arm member(s) are arranged to slide under the strap of a diver's mask in use and to be held in place between the strap and the diver's head. Two speakers mounted on the frame are arrange to be located adjacent a diver's ear when the arm members are in place under the strap of the diver's mask.

Abstract: A control apparatus and a control method of an on-vehicle dynamo-electric machine 1 are provided for efficiently controlling functions as a starter-motor and as a charging generator. In case that the dynamo-electric machine 1 acts as a charging generator, when a rotation speed of the dynamo-electric machine 1 is not higher than a predetermined value, a power is generated by applying a compensation current from and inverter to an armature coil 3 for phase control. On the other hand, when a rotation speed of the dynamo-electric machine 1 is not lower than a predetermined value, operation of the inverter is stopped. Thus, controlling a current applied to a field coil 4 by a field coil current control means 5 generates a predetermined target voltage.

Abstract: An engine cover mounted to an internal combustion engine of an automobile etc. includes a rigid cover body made of a resin or metal and covering an engine, a foamed member fixed to an inner face of the cover body and including at least a part spaced from the engine, and a plurality of corrugations formed on the part of the foamed member spaced from the engine.

Abstract: A hearing device for inserting into or adjacent to the ear of an individual. A shell is custom-shaped to fit the individual. The shell is made mainly of a first material and includes a part made mainly of the first material. The part has an inner surface. A pattern of embossments or indentations is provided in the inner surface. The pattern is made out of the first material. The pattern represents an individualized identification code of the part or the device. The pattern is generated concurrent to the manufacture of said part. The pattern can be generated using a laser sintering process, a laser lithography process, a stereo lithography process, or a thermojet process.