Abstract: A fuel cell stack made from two different ceramic materials which are used to form four distinct layers of each individual fuel cell is provided. The fuel cell stack uses a ceramic ionic conductor to form the electrolyte layer and a ceramic electronic conductor to form an interconnect layer, with the anode and cathode formed from the combination of the electronic and ionic conductor materials. The internally balanced or mirror symmetric configuration eliminates the warpage or camber problems encountered in conventional multilayer cosintering systems, and the use of common materials in adjacent layers enhances bonding across the adjoining interfaces.

Abstract: A carbon coating including carbon particles having a predetermined size and BET surface area. The carbon coating is applied to electrodes used in batteries. The electrodes may include a nonconductive frame defining at least one aperture and at least one carbon plastic sheet which is borne by the frame and disposed in occluding relation relative to the aperture. The carbon coating is applied to one surface of the carbon plastic sheet.

Abstract: An improved electrocatalyst comprises a supported platinum-gallium alloy catalyst of up to 50 atomic percent gallium, preferably of 10 to 30 atomic percent gallium, balance platinum. The platinum-gallium alloy is supported, preferably on carbon powder or the like, shows greater activity for oxygen reduction and better resistance to sintering than does a comparable platinum catalyst. A fuel cell electrode especially suited for use as a phosphoric acid fuel cell cathode comprises the supported platinum-gallium alloy electrocatalyst bound to an acid resistant support member.

Abstract: This invention relates to a novel anode for use in batteries, and to batteries containing the anode, which anode comprises an alloy sodium.

Abstract: An integrated gasification iron-air electrical system, capable of generating electrical energy from a carbon containing material, is made, the system containing a gasification furnace having at least one gasification reactor zone where a carbonaceous material contacts and reacts with a gas containing steam, to produce a hot gas reaction product containing CO and H.sub.2 ; where the hot gas then contacts discharged iron electrodes at over 450.degree. C., to convert discharged iron compounds to iron compounds, and the recharged iron electrodes are then placed in iron-air cells which generate electrical energy.

Abstract: A secondary battery comprises at least one electrode having as an active materials a conjugated polymer, the polymer being doped to an electrically conducting state. Particularly, the battery may comprise the polymer as a cathode and a lithium anode.

Abstract: An air cell is disclosed, with a catalyst containing MnOx where 1.45.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.1.60, the material having X-ray diffraction peaks corresponding to the lattice constants of Mn.sub.5 O.sub.8.

Abstract: A battery casing for receiving one or more batteries, such as dry cells, to supply a battery-powered electrical device comprises first and second terminals for deriving electrical power from the battery. At least one of the first and second terminals is entirely received in the bore of the casing and is arranged to be in contact with an external conductor which will be inserted through an opening made in the top portion of the casing. The battery casing comprises a slidable member which opens and closes the opening at the top portion. The slidable member can be manipulated to assume its closed position so as to isolate at least one of the first and second terminals from the outside of the casing, preventing the terminals from making a short circuit. One of the first and second terminals, which can be isolated by the slidable member, is fixedly supported by an insulating member and is substantially U-shaped, while the other terminal may be L-shaped and a portion thereof is exposed outside.