Abstract: The present invention relates to metformin for use in treating a patient, wherein the patient exhibits an increased level of GDF15 in response to metformin treatment; to methods of identifying a patient who will benefit or who will not benefit from metformin treatment; methods of treating a patient at risk of developing or suffering from a disease or disorder comprising administering therapeutically effective amount of metformin; methods of adapting the dosage of metformin; the usage of GDF15 as biomarker for identifying a patient who will benefit or who will not benefit from metformin treatment, kits for use in identifying a patient who will benefit from metformin treatment and the use of the kits, as well as methods of treating a patient or who will not benefit from metformin treatment.

Abstract: There is herein provided a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X, R1, R2, R3, R4 and n have meanings as provided in the description.

Abstract: The invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising a statin and a cannabinoid, and their use for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis. It has been found that compositions combining a statin and a cannabinoid are improved over existing statin formulations. The compositions of the invention for example allow for a lower effective dose of statin and a reduction of the adverse effects seen with statins taken alone. Dosing ranges and formulations suitable for oral, buccal, and sublingual administration are disclosed. Various specific cannabinoids such as cannabidiol and synthetic cannabidiols selected for their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-atherosclerotic effect are shown to be particularly advantageous.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to the field of synthesizing substantially pure varenicline and its intermediates. It also relates to the pharmaceutical compositions comprising varenicline and the method of use of these pharmaceutical compositions for smoking cessation.

Abstract: Liquid suspensions of tasimelteon and methods for their use.

Abstract: The invention relates to bromhexine or a salt thereof for treating acute or chronic pain in a patient. In particular, the invention relates to bromhexine or a salt thereof for use in treating nociceptive pain, neuropathic pain and or dysfunctional pain. The invention further relates to a topical pharmaceutical composition comprising bromhexine or a salt thereof and to a composition or a topical pharmaceutical composition comprising bromhexine or a salt thereof for treating acute or chronic pain.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to pharmaceutical compositions comprising sildenafil or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and one or more pharmaceutical excipients or additives wherein the pharmaceutical compositions are in the form of liquid pharmaceutical compositions. The pharmaceutical compositions of the present disclosure are useful for the treatment of diseases or conditions which are treatable by administration of sildenafil or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof such as pulmonary arterial hypertension, erectile dysfunction, etc.

Abstract: This invention features compositions, methods, and kits for treating conditions associated with pathological ocular neovascularization, reducing scarring in the eye, treating dry eye, treating macular degeneration, and treating keratitis by administering a serotonin receptor agonist.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a combination therapy for treating cancer with BRAF mutations comprising administrating to a subject an effective amount of (a) an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor; (b) a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK) 1/2 inhibitor; and (c) a cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitor. Also provided are compositions and kits related to the combination therapy.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for inhibiting the growth of microbes on live plants using compositions comprising a carboxylic acid of Formula (I) or salt thereof: wherein R is H, Ph, Ar, or a C1-C60 alkyl. The present invention also relates to live plant products contacted with compositions comprising a carboxylic acid of Formula (I) or salt thereof.

Abstract: Controlled release hydrogel formulations of one or more simvastatin metabolites 3?-hydroxy simvastatin (hSV), 6?-exomethylene simvastatin (eSV), 3?,5?-dihydrodiol simvastatin, 3?,5?-dihydrodiol simvastatin (dSV), simvastatin-beta-hydroxy acid (SVA), and methods for the treatment of patients suffering from injured or degenerating substantially avascular cartilaginous tissue.

Abstract: Disclosed is use of a thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4-one compound represented by general formula (I). Definition of each substituent is as stated in the description and claims, and the compound is used for preparing medicines for treating and/or preventing liver fibrosis and related diseases or preparing a DPP-4 inhibitor, or is used as a DPP-4 inhibitor.

Abstract: A tumescent composition comprising a chemotherapy agent in a tumescent solution, wherein a tumescent concentration of the chemotherapy agent is simultaneously below a threshold for local, subcutaneous tissue toxicity, above a threshold for positive local therapeutic effect, and above a concentration safely achievable by intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM) or oral (PO) delivery; and the tumescent solution comprises a vasoconstrictor; a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier; and optionally a local anesthetic.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a formulation with the effect of effectively suppressing or inhibiting amyloid fibril formation by the dissolution, elimination (discharge), etc. of amyloid fibril formation in vivo. If an agent for suppressing or inhibiting an amyloid fibril formation comprising tranilast or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient is administered by a method such as oral administration, amyloid fibril formation can be effectively suppressed or inhibited in vivo as a result of effects such as amyloid fibril dissolution or elimination (discharge). Therefore, it is possible to prevent or treat amyloid plaques, in which amyloid fibrils formed by the aggregation of amyloid protein have been deposited, and to prevent or treat diseases arising from amyloid fibril deposition, that is, diseases arising from the deposited amyloid fibrils themselves and diseases that cause dysfunction of organs or tissues as a result of amyloid fibril deposition.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to the field of synthesizing substantially pure varenicline and its intermediates. It also relates to the pharmaceutical compositions comprising varenicline and the method of use of these pharmaceutical compositions for smoking cessation.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of treating retinal degenerations, such as but not limited to anterior segment ocular disorders and/or age-related macular degeneration (AMD), in a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of a compound of formula (1) or formula (2). In a further aspect, the invention provides compounds of formula (2). In certain embodiments, the compounds of the invention prevent or minimize cellular assault, such as oxidative stress-related cellular assault, and/or promote cell viability.

Abstract: Provided is a method to identify subjects with inflammatory diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, for their suitability for treatment with antifungal compounds. The method comprises identification of loss-of-function in the gene CX3CR1.

Abstract: This disclosure provides compounds and compositions and methods of using those compounds and compositions to treat diseases and disorders associated with excessive transforming growth factor-beta (TGF?) activity. This disclosure also provides methods of using the compounds in combination with one or more cancer immunotherapies.

Abstract: A tumescent composition comprising a drug or a therapeutic agent in a tumescent solution, wherein a tumescent concentration of the drug or therapeutic agent is simultaneously below a threshold for local, subcutaneous tissue toxicity, above a threshold for positive local therapeutic effect, and above a concentration safely achievable by intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM) or oral (PO) delivery; and the tumescent solution comprises a vasoconstrictor; a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier; and optionally a local anesthetic, wherein the tumescent solution does not comprise an antibiotic.

Abstract: The invention provides two crystalline freebase forms of biphenyl-2-ylcarbamic acid 1-(2-{[4-(4-carbamoylpiperidin-1-ylmethyl)benzoyl]methylamino}ethyl)piperidin-4-yl ester. The invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising the crystalline freebase or prepared using the crystalline freebases; processes and intermediates for preparing the crystalline freebases; and methods of using the crystalline freebases to treat a pulmonary disorder.