Abstract: Upshifting is performed in a short time without giving rise to shocks. For that purpose, at the time of upshifting, a hydraulic pressure (QUPOFF) of a hydraulic engaging element on disengaging side is controlled such that the input and output speed ratio ("Gratio") of a transmission is decreased to, and held at, a predetermined slipping region (YG(N)S) that is lower than an engaging region (YG(N)L)-YG(N)H) to be set based on a gear ratio which is established by the engagement of the hydraulic engaging element on the disengaging side. The hydraulic pressure (QUPON) of a hydraulic engaging element on engaging side is gradually increased. When "Gratio" once falls below YG(N)L and then increases up again to YGCONOK, QUPOFF is lowered to a predetermined low pressure (QUPOFFB) at a lapse of a predetermined time (YTMUP8). Once "Gratio">YGCONOK, QUPON is increased to a predetermined high pressure QUPONB at a lapse of a second predetermined time YTMUP3.

Abstract: An automatic self-locking differential wherein the improvement is made by the independent function provided by a geared integral locking mechanism. This independent function allows in a vertical manner for the relative resistive axial motion of either of two axial moving pinion shafts to occur in an intermittent fashion. Drive axles are mounted with bevel gears within a rotating differential casing. The bevel gears mesh with pinion gear sets which are mounted on shafts.

Abstract: A downshift control device for an automatic transmission is provided in which the transmission is shifted down by releasing an oil pressure from a first engaging element that has been engaged while applying an oil pressure to a second engaging element that has been released. This downshift control device determines whether a downshift command is generated to shift down the transmission while an accelerator pedal is being depressed, and detects a gear ratio that changes during the pedal-depressed downshift control. First control actuator controls the back pressure of a first accumulator provided in an oil path leading to the first engaging element, and second control actuator controls back pressure of a second accumulator provided in an oil path leading to the second engaging element.

Abstract: A multistage angular reducer includes a casing, a drive shaft, a driven shaft connected to a user element, and a number of reduction stages housed inside the casing between the drive shaft and the driven shaft. At least one stage is defined by a pair of gears including a bevel pinion and a bevel ring gear. The casing may selectively house two or three reduction stages, while maintaining unchanged, when switching from two to three stages or vice versa, the mutual positions of the axis of the drive shaft and the axis of the driven shaft.

Abstract: An improved mounting assembly for mounting a foot-operated pedal to a bracket in an automobile has a retaining shaft having a portion with external threads. The foot-operated pedal preferably has an aperture therethrough with internal threads sized to engage the external threads of the retaining shaft. The retaining shaft is placed through the bracket and the aperture in the foot-operated pedal so that the foot-operated pedal is rotatably positioned on the external threads of the retaining shaft. The retaining shaft may be comprised of a first stud and a second stud. The bracket used in the vehicle may have a first flange and a second flange spaced apart a predetermined distance. Each flange has an aperture therethrough. The first stud extends only partially between the first and second flanges of the bracket. The second stud couples to the first stud through the opposite flange of the bracket than that which the first stud is mounted.