Abstract: A composition containing a persulfate and a carbonate, a bicarbonate or sesquicarbonate, which composition is suitable for oxidizing wet strength resin based broke used in wet strength paper. The combination decreases the time required for effectively repulping broke from such paper. Additionally, the combination is a single product capable of beaking down the wet strength resin and adjusting or maintaining pH at a predetermined value without additional chemical treatment.

Abstract: A foamable drilling fluid for use in well operations such as deep water offshore drilling where risers are not employed in returning the fluid to the surface mud pit. A preferred foamable drilling fluid comprises a prehydrated clay such as bentonite, sea water, a surfactant selected from the group consisting of .alpha.-olefinsulfonates, alkylpolyglycosides, alcohol sulfates, salts of ethoxylated alcohol sulfates, and a stabilizing surfactant consisting of cocoamine betaine. The stabilized foam drilling fluid resists foam breakdown upon drilling cessation, prevents fluid loss to reduce filter cake buildup and increases the carrying capacity of cuttings and other solids. In addition, a foamable drilling fluid is provided including an hydraulic material selected from the group consisting of Portland cement, siliceous material like fumed silica, blast furnace slag and pozzolans such as fly ash.

Abstract: A system is disclosed for inhibiting the corrosion of ferrous and other metals by passivating the metals. The system includes novel buffered compositions which may be applied to metal products for preventing or retarding corrosion and methods for applying the buffered compositions to metal products such that corrosion protection of the products is achieved through passivation. The methods include an in-situ application to existing structures with metal reinforcement as well as applications to metal products during manufacture. Generally, the compositions may be in various forms and comprise a carrier component and one or more particulate pH buffer components. The particles of buffer are selected to retain the proximity of the metal at a pH at which the metal is passive to corrosion.

Abstract: An antioxidant composition and a process of recovering the same from a gelatinous retentate of spent ground coffee oil, comprising from 20 to 60% wt of complex lipids and from 10 to 75% wt of carboxylic acids 5-hydroxytryptamides, in which the 5-HT are for example those of behenic, arachidic and/or lignoceric acids, and the complex lipids are phospholipids and glycolipids. This composition may be advantageously used in food products.

Abstract: A tracer solution suitable for use in measuring flow velocities in a borehole, includes: a) a gadolinium salt of a carboxylic acid of general formula ##STR1## where R is an alkyl of not less than four carbon atoms, typically C4 or C5 alkyl, and R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are hydrogen or an alkyl group, typically hydrogen, methyl or ethyl; b) a free branched-chain carboxylic acid such as an excess of the acid used to form the Gd salt; and c) a non-polar solvent such as hexane or heptane. The Gd content of the solution should be not less than about 50 g/l and is best when it is as high as possible, for example greater than 100 g/l, and the viscosity should be less than 20 cP.

Abstract: An improved method for acidizing an oil bearing formation in the presence of water bearing zones having high permeability is described. An aqueous fluid is pumped into the formation preceding the injection of stimulation material. This fluid contains hydroxyethylcellulose, a fluorescent dye and an organic acid anhydride, which during hydrolysis reduces the pH and the viscosity of the solution making it retrievable without damage to the formation.

Abstract: The invention provides for either (a) increasing the yield point or gel strength of an aqueous based drilling fluid; (b) decreasing the fluid loss of an aqueous based drilling fluid; (c) decreasing the coefficient of friction of an aqueous based drilling fluid; or (d) decreasing the aqueous activity of an aqueous based fluid drilling fluid thus decreasing the swelling of shales contacted by an aqueous based fluid, the methods comprises adding to the drilling fluid an amount of an alkyl glycoside, preferably methyl glucoside, sufficient to effect such increase or decrease. The invention also provide for aqueous based completion fluids, workover fluids, and well working fluids containing an alkyl glucoside solubilized in the aqueous phase of said fluids.

Abstract: A method of preparing and storing a stable solution of chlorine dioxide in a non-aqueous, water-immiscible liquid. An aqueous solution of chlorine dioxide is vigorously mixed with a non-aqueous, water immiscible liquid and, in a single extraction, the chlorine dioxide is extracted into the non-aqueous liquid. The aqueous and non-aqueous phases are separated and the chlorine dioxide containing non-aqueous liquid is stored in a closed light-free environment. In an alternate embodiment, gaseous chlorine dioxide is introduced into the non-aqueous, water-immiscible liquid. Concentrations of 2,000 mg to 17,000 mg chlorine dioxide per liter are obtained. The chlorine dioxide in the non-aqueous liquid is stabilized for at least one month. A highly purified aqueous solution of chlorine dioxide is prepared by mixing the non-aqueous solution of chlorine dioxide with water and extracting chlorine dioxide into the water.

Abstract: A polymer and method of controlling corrosion and the formation and deposition of scale imparting compounds in water systems is disclosed. The polymer has the general structure: ##STR1## wherein E.sup.1 comprises the repeat unit obtained after polymerization an .alpha.,.beta. ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid monomers, lower alkyl (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6) ester or a hydroxylated lower alkyl (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6) ester of such carboxylic acid, or amide forms thereof; E.sup.2 comprises the repeat unit obtained after polymerization of an .alpha.,.beta. ethylenically unsaturated monomer containing a sulfonic acid functionality; R.sup.1 is a hydrogen or a lower (C.sub.1 -C.sub.3) alkyl; R.sup.2 is --CH.sub.2 --O-- or --C(.dbd.O)--O--; R.sup.3 is --?--CH.sub.2 --CH(--CH.sub.2 --OH)--O--!--.sub.n ; n is an integer greater than 1; and R.sup.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved continuous phase for a drilling fluid and specifically a silicone continuous phase which is non-polluting and substantially non-toxic. Preferred silicones for use in the invention are dimethylsiloxane polymers. In the drilling fluid compositions, suitable emulsifiers, wetting agents, viscosifiers, weight materials and fluid loss additives may be added in conjunction with water and/or a brine phase for desired rheological properties.

Abstract: Absorption solvents for removing mercaptans from gas streams are disclosed. The absorption solvents comprise an alkylether of a polyalkylene glycol, e.g., methoxytriglycol, and a secondary monoalkanolamine, e.g., N-methylethanolamine, as well as optionally other amines, e.g., methyldiethanolamine and diethanolamine. The absorption solvents do not require the presence of iodine for removal of mercaptans. Absorption processes utilizing the solvents are also disclosed.

Abstract: Phosphonite and phosphonate compounds ##STR1## wherein X.sup.1, X.sup.2, X.sup.3 and X.sup.4 are each independently a group of the formula ##STR2## wherein R is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, p is 0 or 1, q is independently 0 or 1 with regard to each repeat unit, and m is an integer of 2 to 10, a stabilizer for organic materials comprising said compound and a stabilized organic material comprising said compound. The compound of the present invention is less volatile at high temperatures. The use of the compound of the present invention as a stabilizer for organic materials affords an extremely useful organic material which is superior in heat stability and free of degradation caused by oxidation. The compound of the present invention has excellent compatibility with the above-mentioned organic materials and hardly migrate from the organic materials.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of cyclic organometallic compounds as components in coordination catalyst systems, to corresponding coordination catalyst systems and also to processes for the preparation of polymers by coordination polymerization and of unsaturated hydrocarbons by catalyzed metathesis of alkenes and alkynes using such coordination catalyst systems.

Abstract: .alpha.- and/or .beta.-tocopherol (vitamin E), optionally in combination with octylated diphenylamines, is combined with a polyether polyol having a molecular weight of from about 300 to about 10,000 to stabilize that polyether polyol. Polyether polyols which are stabilized in this manner are particularly useful in the production of polyurethanes and polyurethane foams with a reduced tendency toward discoloration.

Abstract: Improved methods of cementing in a well are provided whereby stress failures in the resulting set cement are prevented or reduced. The methods basically comprise the steps of placing a foamed cement composition in a zone in the well to be cemented which when set has sufficient elastic properties to resist stress failure comprised of hydraulic cement, water, a gas present in an amount in the range of from about 5% to about 75% by volume of the cement composition and a foaming agent, and then allowing the cement composition to set across the zone.

Abstract: This invention relates to improved hydrocarbon gels which find use in the fracturing of petroleum producing formations. In particular it relates to the use of a defined class of gelling agents for hydrocarbons which provide excellent results in such fracturing. The gelling agents comprise combinations of selected orthophosphate esters and ferric ammonium citrate or lower alkyl amine derivative thereof. The lower alkyl amine derivatives are referred to as ferric alkylamine citrates.

Abstract: A method of preparing chlorine dioxide in a non-aqueous liquid is disclosed. An aqueous solution of chlorine dioxide is mixed and agitated with a non-aqueous liquid. The chlorine dioxide is extracted into the non-aqueous liquid. In a preferred embodiment, an aqueous chlorite solution is added to a quantity of non-aqueous liquid. Acid is added to the aqueous phase to generate chlorine dioxide. The phases are vigorously agitated to extract the chlorine dioxide into the non-aqueous phase. High concentrations of very pure chlorine dioxide are obtainable. In another preferred embodiment, chlorine is prepared in a non-aqueous liquid and is mixed and agitated with an aqueous chlorite solution. Separation of the aqueous and non-aqueous phases provides pure solutions of chlorine dioxide in the non-aqueous liquid. Very pure aqueous solutions of chlorine dioxide are prepared by mixing and agitating non-aqueous solutions of chlorine dioxide with water.

Abstract: The formation of amine or glycol degradation products in solutions used to remove acid gases or water from hydrocarbon or inert streams is reduced by adding to the solution an oxygen scavenger in which the effective component is an oxime of the formula: ##STR1## Mixed with a quinone promotor in which R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are the same or different and are selected from hydrogen or lower alkyl groups of one to six carbon atoms. The addition of the quinone promotor increases the reactivity with oxygen at lower temperatures. The compound may also be as a corrosion inhibitor in gas treating or processing equipment.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for treating naphthenic acid--containing whole crudes or fractions thereof to reduce or eliminate their acidity by contacting the acidic whole crude or fraction at a temperature of from about 50.degree. C. to 350.degree. C. with a neutralizing amount of tetraalkylammonium hydroxide, preferably tetramethyl-ammonium hydroxide. The process has the additional benefits of reducing materials handling problems associated with treating oils using liquid solvents and in reducing emulsion formation.

Abstract: A corrosion inhibiting lubricating composition comprises:(a) a synthetic ester base stock;(b) at least one aromatic amine antioxidant;(c) a neutral organic phosphate of the formula (R.sup.1 O).sub.3 PO where R.sup.1 is a tolyl, phenyl, xylyl, alkyl or cycloalkyl group, the alkyl or cycloalkyl group having up to 10 carbon atoms;(d) a saturated or unsaturated dicarboxylic acid of the general formula ##STR1## wherein x+y+z is an integer in the range from 2 to 22 inclusive and where at least one of the groups R.sub.1 to R.sub.5 is a carboxylic acid group; or a dicarboxylic acid of one of the three formulae ##STR2## (e) a straight or branched chain saturated or unsaturated monocarboxylic acid which is optionally sulphurised or an ester of such an acid; and(f) a triazole of the formula: ##STR3## or a triazole selected from 1,2,4 triazole, 1,2,3 triazole, 5-anilo-1,2,3,4-thiatriazole, 3-amino-1,2,4 triazole, 1-H-benzotriazole-1-yl-methylisocyanide, methylene-bis-benzotriazole and naphthotriazole.