Abstract: A first cell includes a first electrode in a measurement gas chamber and a second electrode in a reference gas chamber. A second cell includes a third electrode in the measurement gas chamber and a fourth electrode in the reference gas chamber to cause a current therebetween that corresponds to a concentration of a specific gas component in detected gas in the measurement chamber. A controller selectively implements a normal control and a reduction control. The normal control is to apply a lower voltage to the first electrode and the second electrode to remove oxygen from the detected gas. The reduction control is to apply a higher voltage to the first electrode and the second electrode to reduce the third electrode that is oxidized. The controller prohibits implementation of the reduction control on determination that implementation of the reduction control.

Abstract: A sensor (1) comprising: a sensor element (10); metal terminals; and a front side separator (90) and a rear side separator (95) to hold the metal terminals, the metal terminals each include a front side metal terminal (30) and a rear side metal terminal (40) respectively held by the front side separator and the rear side separator, a first connection portion (33) is provided on a rear side of the front side metal terminal, a second connection portion (43) is provided on a front side of the rear side metal terminal, and an axis P2 of one of the first and the second connection portion, in all of the plurality of metal terminals, is displaced toward a radially outer side of the sensor element relative to an axis P1 of a counterpart thereof, and the first connection portion and the second connection portion are in contact with each other.

Abstract: A sensor element (100) including a measurement chamber (89); a pump cell (83) including a solid electrolyte body (69), an inner electrode (101), and an outer electrode (99); and a reference cell (85). At least one electrode contains a noble metal and a component of the solid electrolyte body. In a cross section, the at least one electrode has a noble metal region (205), a solid electrolyte body region (203), and a coexistence region (207) in which the noble metal and the component of the solid electrolyte body coexist. Further, in the cross section, an area ratio SR of the coexistence region is not less than 15.5% and is less than 30%.

Abstract: A gas sensor includes: a metal tubular body including a through hole allowing a sensor element to penetrate in an axial direction; and a powder compact being filled between an inner surface of the tubular body constituting the through hole and the sensor element, and sealing between both end portion sides of the sensor element. At least a range of a through hole inner surface to come into contact with the powder compact filled between the inner surface and the sensor element is a stripe-like recessed and projecting region in which projecting portions and recessed portions are alternately arranged in the axial direction and those portions extend along an inner circumferential direction of the tubular body. An interval between the projecting portions in the axial direction is 50 ?m to 150 ?m. The following expressions are satisfied, 0.3 ?m?Rz1?10 ?m, and Rz1/Rz2?2.0.

Abstract: An embodiment provides a method for measuring a characteristic of an aqueous sample, including: introducing the aqueous sample to a titration region and a reaction region of a measurement device, wherein the titration region comprises a pH electrode and a protonator electrode contacting a first portion of an aqueous sample, wherein the reaction region comprises a counter electrode contacting a second portion of the aqueous sample; placing an electrolyte reservoir in a state of electrical continuity with the titration region and the reaction region, wherein the electrolyte reservoir comprises a reference electrode, wherein the volume of the electrolyte reservoir comprises a large volume of an electrolyte; and determining a characteristic of the aqueous sample by measuring an electrochemical characteristic between the reference electrode and at least one of: the pH electrode and the counter electrode. Other aspects are described and claimed.

Abstract: A biosensor system includes an array of biosensors with a plurality of electrodes situated proximate the biosensor. A controller is configured to selectively energize the plurality of electrodes to generate a DEP force to selectively position a test sample relative to the array of biosensors.

Abstract: A method to detect and assess microorganism influenced corrosion includes measuring current flow between a test electrode and a control electrode in a split chamber zero resistance ammeter apparatus and calculating a predictive difference in mass loss between the test electrode and the control electrode based on that current over time; and measuring the resistance, Rpit, of a surface of the subject metal to assess pitting corrosion using an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy apparatus.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention are directed to a system for detecting neurotransmitters. A non-limiting example of the system includes a porous electrode. A system can also include a pH sensor attached to the porous electrode, wherein the pH sensor includes a sensing electrode and a reference electrode. The system can also include electronic circuitry in communication with the pH sensor.

Abstract: A biosensor component that provides enhanced characteristics for use in biosensors, such as blood glucose sensors. The biosensor component comprises a substrate, and a composite layer deposited on the substrate. The composite layer includes a conductive metal component and a resistive material component, where the conductive metal component comprises one or more non-noble metals, and where the resistive material component in the composite layer is present in an amount greater than 20 atomic percent.

Abstract: A gas sensor includes a sensor element, an elastic insulating member, a plurality of lead wires, a plurality of metal terminals, and a ceramic housing. The plurality of lead wires are inserted in the elastic insulating member. The plurality of metal terminals each have a first end electrically connected to the sensor element, and a second end electrically connected to a corresponding one of the plurality of lead wires. The ceramic housing includes a plurality of insertion portions each including a through hole in which a corresponding one of the plurality of metal terminals is inserted, and at least one of the plurality of insertion portions has a different height from other insertion portions.

Abstract: A gas sensor includes: a sensor element; a ceramic housing holding a rear end portion of the sensor element and provided with metal terminals electrically connected to the sensor element; and an elastic insulating member that is fixed in the rear of the sensor element and into which a plurality of lead wires electrically connected to the metal terminals are inserted. The elastic insulating member has one or more common spaces formed in a surface of the elastic insulating member that faces the ceramic housing. Two or more of the lead wires are arranged in each common space.

Abstract: A gas sensing assembly includes a sensing material to be placed in contact with a fluid sample, electrodes coupled with the sensing material that apply an electric field to the sensing material across the electrodes, a heating element that controls a temperature of the sensing material while the sensing material is in contact with the fluid sample, and sensing circuitry to control application of the electric field to the sensing material via the electrodes at an alternating current frequency range in the presence of an uncontrolled ambient temperature and at an elevated alternating current frequency range. The sensing circuitry measures one or more electrical responses of the sensing material responsive to applying the electric field at the alternating current frequency range and at the elevated alternating current frequency range. The sensing circuitry detects presence of a gas in the fluid sample based on the one or more electrical responses.

Abstract: A half cell for an electrochemical sensor includes: a housing having a chamber, wherein the chamber includes an electrolyte; an electrically conductive lead in contact with the electrolyte; and a closure element connecting the lead to the housing, wherein the lead has a coating, and the coating includes molecules including a first functional group, which enables the molecule to interact chemically with the lead, and a second functional group different from the first functional group, which enables the molecule to interact chemically with the closure element, wherein a first portion of the molecules with the first functional group are in an intermolecular connection with the lead and the first portion of the molecules and/or a second portion of the molecules with the second functional group are in an intermolecular connection with the closure element.

Abstract: Various apparatus, systems, and methods for measuring a solution characteristic of a sample comprising microorganisms are disclosed. In one embodiment, a sensor apparatus is disclosed comprising a sample container comprising a sample chamber configured to receive the sample and a reference sensor component comprising a reference conduit having a reference conduit cavity defined therein. The reference conduit cavity can be at least partially filled with a reference buffer gel, buffer solution, or wicking component. A segment of the reference conduit can extend into the sample chamber. A reference electrode material can be positioned at a proximal end of the wicking component or extend partially into the reference conduit cavity. The sensor apparatus can also comprise an active sensor component having an active electrode in fluid contact with the sample. The sample in the sample chamber can be aerated through an aeration port defined along a surface of the sample container.

Abstract: Provided is an electrical circuit for electrochemical measurement of a solution, said electrical circuit comprising: a voltage generation circuit; an operational amplifier that has an output (OUT), a non-inverting input (+IN), and an inverting input (?IN), wherein the output (OUT) is connected to a counter electrode (CE) in contact with the solution, the inverting input (?IN) is connected to a reference electrode (RE) in contact with the solution, and the non-inverting input (+IN) is connected to the voltage generation circuit; a capacitor that is connected between the output (OUT) and inverting input (?IN) and has a capacitance of 1 ?F or greater; and a current measurement circuit that is connected to a working electrode (WE) in contact with the solution.

Abstract: A controller of the gas sensor can perform diagnostic processing of diagnosing a situation of control to the gas sensor in a case that the gas sensor in an operation state is determined to satisfy a predetermined diagnostic condition and adjustment processing of adjusting a condition for controlling the gas sensor in accordance with a result of diagnosis. In the diagnostic processing, a main pump voltage and a diagnostic threshold as a value of a voltage not causing decomposition of NOx in the main pump cell are compared. In the adjustment processing, temperature adjustment processing to cause, in a case that the main pump voltage is diagnosed to be equal to the threshold or more, the main pump voltage to be less than the threshold, at least in a way that the heater part increases the element driving temperature in the operation state by a predetermined increase amount is performed.

Abstract: To provide a sensor control device capable of identifying a short circuit terminal with a simple configuration and whose identification operation is not easily affected by environmental conditions around the sensor. The sensor control device includes a short circuit detection unit that detects a short circuit of a sensor having a plurality of terminals, a resistance value control unit that increases a resistance value of an element between the terminals when the short circuit of the sensor is detected by the short circuit detection unit, and a short circuit terminal identification unit that identifies at which of the plurality of terminals a short circuit occurs when the resistance value control unit increases the resistance value of the element between the terminals to a set value or greater.