Abstract: Provided is a method for producing lithium carbonate from lithium ion battery waste, the lithium ion battery waste including battery positive material components containing Li and at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Co, Ni and Mn, wherein, after subjecting the lithium ion battery waste to a wet process, thereby separating the at least one metal of the battery positive material components from the lithium ion battery waste to obtain crude lithium carbonate, the method includes: a dissolution step of dissolving the crude lithium carbonate in a liquid while feeding a carbon dioxide gas; and a decarbonization step of heating a lithium dissolved solution obtained in the dissolution step to release carbonic acid, and wherein when dissolving the crude lithium carbonate in the liquid in the dissolution step, the liquid is stirred in a reaction vessel using a stirrer, and a ratio of a diameter (d) of a stirring blade of the stirrer to an inner diameter (D) of the reaction vessel (d/D) is from 0.

Abstract: In certain aspects and embodiments, the present invention provides a radiolytic polymerization/gelation method for the synthesis of gels and their subsequent activated carbon derivatives. In certain exemplary embodiments, resorcinol-formaldehyde gels are produced from resorcinol and formaldehyde without additives, catalysts, buffers, initiators or other species. In certain embodiments, ionizing ?-type radiation from 60Co is used as a radiation source in the gel crosslinking process. Different compositions of resorcinol/formaldehyde and a wide range of irradiation doses were examined. Various techniques are used to characterize the outcome product, either the gels or their derived carbon gels or activated carbon.

Abstract: A process for converting carbon dioxide and hydrogen into a product stream comprising carbon monoxide, water and hydrogen by introducing carbon dioxide, hydrogen and oxygen into a reaction vessel, and performing a reverse water gas shift reaction at elevated temperature, wherein (a) no catalyst is present in vessel (b) gas stream comprising carbon dioxide, a hydrogen and an oxygen rich gas stream are introduced into the vessel in separate feed streams, (c) the hydrogen and oxygen rich gas stream being introduced in close vicinity of each other, via burner comprising coaxial channels wherein gases undergo a combustion reaction, providing the heating energy required for the reverse water-gas shift reaction; and (d) the temperature in vessel is in the range of 1000 to 1500° C. by varying the molar ratio of hydrogen to oxygen. It is useful in reducing the carbon footprint of certain industrial technologies, and in production of synthesis gas.

Abstract: An apparatus to decompose a hydrocarbon reactant into a gaseous product and a solid product includes a reactor volume, a reservoir of liquid material, a plurality of nozzles connected to the reservoir of liquid material, the plurality of nozzles configured to distribute the liquid material into the reactor volume from the reservoir as a liquid mist, a gas inlet connected to a hydrocarbon gas source to receive hydrocarbon gas reactant, a distributor connected to the inlet to distribute the hydrocarbon gas reactant into the reactor volume, a heat source located adjacent the reactor volume configured to heat the reactor volume, a separator to separate the solid product from the liquid material, a re-circulation path connected between the reactor volume and the reservoir to re-circulate the liquid material from the reactor volume to the reservoir, a gas outlet connected to the reactor volume configured to outlet hydrogen gas from the reactor volume, and at least one filter connected to the gas outlet to remove en

Abstract: Disclosed herein are activated carbons having a high decolorization performance in a liquid phase, and methods for producing the activated carbons. Disclosed herein are also activated carbons having a high decolorization performance in liquid phases having relatively high viscosities, such as sugar liquids, and methods for producing the activated carbons. Activated carbons disclosed herein include activated carbons having a pore volume, which is calculated by measuring a nitrogen adsorption isotherm at 77 K and performing the MP method analysis, of 0.58 mL/g or less, and having a pore volume at a pore diameter of 10 to 10000 nm measured by the mercury intrusion method of 0.35 mL/g or more.

Abstract: A high temperature heat integration method of making carbon black. A method of making carbon black is described, including reacting a carbon black forming feedstock with hydrogen gas in a plasma reactor to produce effluent gas containing carbon black and unused hydrogen, cooling the effluent gas for further processing, and recycling the unused hydrogen back into the carbon black forming process, where the unused hydrogen gas is pre-heated in a heat exchanger to a temperature up to the reaction temperature in the reactor before being recycled into the carbon black forming process. The heat exchanger for use in such process is also described.

Abstract: A method (10) for the processing of lithium containing brines, the method comprising the method steps of: (i) Passing a lithium containing brine (12) to a filtration step (14) to remove sulphates; (ii) Passing a product (16) of step (i) to a first ion exchange step (18) to remove divalent impurities; (iii) Passing a product (20) of step (ii) to a second ion exchange step (22) to remove boron impurities; (iv) Passing a product (24) of step (iii) to an electrolysis step (26) to produce lithium hydroxide (28); and (v) Passing a product (30) of step (iv) to a crystallisation step (32) that in turn provides a lithium hydroxide monohydrate product (34).

Abstract: Systems and methods of making carbon particles with thermal transfer gas. A method of making carbon particles may comprise heating a thermal transfer gas by Joule heating and contacting the thermal transfer gas with a reactive hydrocarbon feedstock gas to generate the carbon particles and hydrogen gas. A method of making carbon particles may comprise heating a thermal transfer gas with the aid of Joule heating and mixing the thermal transfer gas with a hydrocarbon feedstock gas to generate the carbon particles.

Abstract: A magnetic adsorbent, including an admixture of an adsorbent and a magnetic material. A system for removing mercury from a fluid stream, the system including, a magnetic adsorbent injection unit for injecting an admixture of powdered activated carbon and magnetic material into the fluid stream; and a particulate removal unit. Also included are methods for removing mercury from a fluid stream and methods for producing a magnetic sorbent.

Abstract: A fuel tank inerting system for an aircraft, the system comprises a catalytic heat exchanger comprising a first flow path and a second flow path for heat exchange with the first flow path. The system further comprises a first inlet arranged upstream of the first flow path of the catalytic heat exchanger for providing a mixture of fuel vapour and oxygen to the first flow path for sustaining a catalysed reaction, and a second inlet arranged upstream of the second flow path for providing a flow of fuel to the second flow path of the catalytic heat exchanger for exchanging heat with the first flow path.

Abstract: A method for preparation of mesoporous nitrogen-doped carbon includes forming a composition by solubilizing a nitrogen-containing polymer in an aqueous solution of ZnCl2 and drying the aqueous solution, the method further includes heating the composition after drying to a temperature sufficiently high to carbonize the nitrogen-containing polymer to form the mesoporous nitrogen-doped carbon.

Abstract: A method of preparing a transparent zinc carbonate is disclosed. The method includes dissolving a zinc source in aqueous ammonium carbonate, removing metal impurities from the solution, injecting CO2 into the zinc ammonia carbonate solution, heating a resulting slurry to a temperature of about 100° C. or more until the ammonia is substantially absent from the solution, and drying the resulting zinc carbonate at a temperature from around 150° C. to 300° C. for a length of time that removes water, but retains a significant part of the CO2 content. The ammonia and the carbon dioxide are present in the aqueous solution in a ratio by moles or by weight effective to dissolve the zinc. A nano zinc oxide can be prepared by drying the zinc carbonate at a temperature of 300-400° C. for a length of time sufficient to remove substantially all of the CO2.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for making carbon black. A plasma gas is flowed into a plasma forming region containing at least one, magnetically isolated, plasma torch containing at least one electrode, and forming a plasma. Collecting the plasma formed in a cooled header and flowing the plasma through at least one reaction region to heat the reaction region, and injecting carbon black forming feedstock into the reaction region, resulting in the formation of at least one grade of carbon black. An apparatus for making carbon black is also described including a plasma forming section containing at least one, magnetically isolated plasma torch containing at least one electrode, in fluid flow communication with at least one carbon black forming reactor section, the plasma section and reactor section separated by a plasma formed collection header.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are activated carbons having high decolorization performance in liquid phases, especially in liquid phases having relatively high viscosities, such as sugar liquids, and methods for producing the activated carbons. Activated carbons disclosed herein include activated carbons having a pore volume at a pore diameter of 10 to 10000 nm measured by the mercury intrusion method of 0.8 to 1.9 mL/g, and having a pore volume at a pore diameter of 300 to 1000 nm measured by the mercury intrusion method of 0.19 mL/g or more.

Abstract: Described herein are processes for preparation of a carbon foam material, the processes including the steps of heating in a microwave heating apparatus a mixture including a coal material and at least one additional agent. The additional agent can be a flux agent such a carbohydrate syrup, a secondary flux agent, a lignocellulosic waste material, a conductive carbon compound, a solvent, and combinations thereof. Also described are processes for calcining a carbon foam material in a furnace, a microwave heating apparatus, or an inductive field heater. The described calcining process can impart electrical conductivity and mechanical strength to carbon foams. Also described are carbon foam materials, calcined carbon foams, and composite materials. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure.

Abstract: Methods and systems for reducing mercury emissions from fluid streams are provided herein, as are adsorbent materials having high volumetric iodine numbers.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a process for the production of crystalline carbon structure networks in a reactor 3 which contains a reaction zone 3b and a termination zone 3c, by injecting a thermodynamically stable micro-emulsion c, comprising metal catalyst nanoparticles, into the reaction zone 3b which is at a temperature of above 600° C., preferably above 700° C., more preferably above 900° C., even more preferably above 1000° C., more preferably above 1100° C., preferably up to 3000° C., more preferably up to 2500° C., most preferably up to 2000° C., to produce crystalline carbon structure networks e, transferring these networks e to the termination zone 3c, and quenching or stopping the formation of crystalline carbon structure networks in the termination zone by spraying in water d.

Abstract: Method of preparing a selenium nanomaterial and selenium nanomaterial articles. The method may include forming a saccharide coating on a surface of a solid support material, treating the solid support material having the saccharide coating on the surface with a selenous acid solution, and heating the solid support material to form the selenium nanomaterial on the surface of the solid porous support material. The saccharide may include a monosaccharide, a disaccharide, or a polysaccharide, or a combination thereof, such as sucrose, or fructose, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: A method for recycling a carbonaceous by-product obtained during the manufacture of a part made of carbon/carbon composite material including pyrolysis of the carbonaceous by-product so as to obtain a carbonaceous residue; forming a gas phase comprising a hydrocarbon from the carbonaceous residue; separating the hydrocarbon from the remainder of the gas phase; introducing the hydrocarbon separated in this way into a reaction chamber, and forming pyrolytic carbon in the reaction chamber from the hydrocarbon introduced by infiltration or chemical vapor deposition.

Abstract: A method is described to make a metal-containing non-amorphous hard-carbon composite material that is synthesized from furan-ring containing compounds. The metals described in the process include lithium and transition metals, including transition metal oxides like lithium titanates. The non-amorphous hard-carbon component of the metal-containing non-amorphous hard-carbon composite material is characterized by a d002 peak—in the X-ray diffraction patterns—that corresponds to an interlayer spacing of >3.6 ?, along with a prominent D-band peak in the Raman spectra. These metal-containing hard-carbon composites are used for constructing electrodes for Li-ion batteries and Li-ion capacitors.