Abstract: A method and system are provided for feeding a biomass material feed into a fluidized bed gasifier. The system includes a first plurality of screw conveyors disposed circumferentially around and connected to or integral with a gasifier shell of the fluidized bed gasifier, such that each of the first plurality of screw conveyors is in feed communication with a gasifier chamber defined by the gasifier shell. The system also includes a plurality of secondary receptacles, each individually coupled to a respective screw conveyor of the first plurality of screw conveyors, such that each of the plurality of secondary receptacles includes a secondary receptacle shell defining a secondary receptacle chamber in feed communication with the respective screw conveyor. The system further includes a plurality of primary receptacles, each including a primary receptacle shell defining a primary receptacle chamber in feed communication with at least two of the plurality of secondary receptacles.

Abstract: A method of purifying ammonia borane is provided in which crude ammonia borane is dissolved in an organic solvent, such as an ether, and mixed with a basic aqueous solution to form a two-phase system. The pH of the aqueous solution and the temperature are adjusted to increase the solubility of the impurities and decrease the solubility of the ammonia borane in the basic aqueous solution, without causing decomposition of the ammonia borane. The impurities are separated from the crude ammonia borane solution, the mixture is phase-separated and the dissolved ammonia borane is isolated from the organic solvent fraction. High purity ammonia borane is obtained.

Abstract: A reactor includes: a shell with first and second ends, an fluid inlet at the first end for receiving a process fluid, and an outlet at the second end for discharging a reacted process fluid, and a plurality of elongate containment units within the shell for containing a particulate catalyst or sorbent, each containment unit including two perforate members defining a space in which the particulate catalyst or sorbent may be placed, the perforate members mounted between two fluid-impermeable end members, wherein one end member extends across the containment unit to provide a closed end and the other end member closes the space thereby providing an open end through which a process fluid may enter or exit the containment unit, and a header assembly connected to the open ends of the containment units and either the fluid inlet or fluid outlet. A process using the reactor is also described.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an apparatus for preparing germane gas and a method for preparing monogermane gas using same. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to an apparatus for preparing germane gas, capable of stably producing a large amount of monogermane gas by mixing starting materials in short time and removing reaction heat at the same time using a reactor having a microstructured channel, and a method for preparing monogermane gas using same. In accordance with the present disclosure, it is easy to control rapid increase of reaction temperature and pressure during mass production of germane gas. Accordingly, monogermane gas can be produced in large scale with high yield.

Abstract: A method for preparing metal complex hydride nanorods, comprising the steps of: (1) preparing one-dimensional coordination polymers by mixing metal complex hydrides with organic solvents and subsequent drying; (2) preparing coordination polymer nanostructures by mechanical milling the one-dimensional coordination polymers that obtained from step (1), in which the one-dimensional coordination polymers are vaporized and then deposited onto the substrate; (3) preparing metal complex hydride nanorods by removing the organic ligands from the coordination polymer nanostructures that obtained from step (2). This method is simple and feasible, and exhibits excellent generality. Moreover, the purity of the metal complex hydrides nanostructures is high.

Abstract: The present invention is directed, at least in part, to a process for improving the efficiency of a photocatalyst (a semiconductor photocatalyst) by tethering (depositing) a metal (e.g., metal ions of a late transition metal, such as nickel) to the semiconductor (photocatalyst) surface through the use of an organic ligand. More specifically, 1,2-ethanedithiol (EDT) functions as an excellent molecular linker (organic ligand) to attach a transition metal complex (e.g., nickel (Ni2+ ions)) to the semiconductor surface, which can be in the form of a cadmium sulfide surface. The photocatalyst has particular utility in generating hydrogen from H2S.

Abstract: A method for producing hydrogen by reforming hydrocarbons using steam, combined with carbon dioxide capture and steam production, which involves mixing the hydrocarbons to be reformed with steam in order to produce a feedstock for reforming, generating a syngas; the syngas produced is cooled, enriched with H2 and CO2, and then cooled; the condensates of the method are separated from the syngas in order to be used in the method, the saturated syngas being treated by adsorption with pressure modulation so as to produce hydrogen and a gaseous effluent containing CO2 that is captured in a CPU unit. The condensates from the cooling of the syngas at the outlet of the shift reactor are used in the method for producing impure steam supplying the mixing point; the CPU unit also produces CPU condensates that are recycled to be treated jointly with the condensates of the method.

Abstract: A method releases hydrogen by forming a second ionic liquid from a first ionic liquid by releasing hydrogen from the first ionic liquid by exposing the first ionic liquid to water and a catalyst. The first ionic liquid includes a cation and an anion including a borohydride. The release of the hydrogen forms a borate, which makes up the anion of the second ionic liquid. The cation of the first ionic liquid is the same as that of the second ionic liquid. A reaction system includes the first and second ionic liquids, water and a catalyst.

Abstract: Disclosed is a catalyst suitable for the catalytic oxidative cracking of a H2S-containing gas stream, particularly in the event that the stream also contains methane and/or ammonia. The catalyst comprises iron and molybdenum supported by a carrier comprising aluminum. The carrier preferably is alumina. The iron and molybdenum preferably are in the form of sulphides. Also disclosed is a method for the production of hydrogen from a H2S-containing gas stream, comprising subjecting the gas stream to catalytic oxidative cracking so as to form H2 and S2, using a catalyst in accordance with any one of the preceding claims.

Abstract: Improved two-stage entrained-flow gasification systems and processes that reduce the cost and complexity of the design and increase the reliability, while maintaining the efficiency by implementing a first chemical quench followed by a second water quench of the produced syngas. The quenched syngas is maintained above the condensation temperature of at least one condensable component of the syngas, allowing residual particulates to be removed by dry particulate filtration.

Abstract: For producing synthesis gas by autothermal reformation of gaseous, liquid and/or solid fuels, the fuel is reacted with an oxidizing agent in a reaction space at a pressure of 10 to 120 bar and a reaction space temperature of 800 to 2,000° C. to obtain synthesis gas, wherein the oxidizing agent is introduced centrally in the upper region of the reaction space and wherein a flame is formed in the reaction space. The oxidizing agent is introduced into the reaction space separate from the fuel.

Abstract: A method includes providing a gasifier with a fuel source comprising a heavy oil, a light oil, and recovered soot. The gasifier may gasify the fuel source to generate a syngas and soot. The method also includes recovering the soot in a first separation unit that may receive a portion of the heavy oil and separate the soot from an extraction oil used to recover the soot. The first separation unit generates soot bottoms that include the portion of the heavy oil and the recovered soot. The method also includes flowing a first separation co-fractionate to a second separation unit. The first separation co-fractionate includes the extraction oil and the light oil. The second separation unit may separate the extraction oil and the light oil, and direct the light oil towards the first separation unit.

Abstract: A method and system for producing hydrogen using an oxygen transport membrane based reforming system is disclosed that carries out a primary reforming process within a reforming reactor, and a secondary reforming process within a reactively driven and catalyst containing oxygen transport membrane reactor with or without an auxiliary source of heat to support primary reforming process within the reforming reactor to first form a synthesis gas product. The auxiliary source of heat is disposed within the oxygen transport membrane based reforming system proximate to the reforming reactors and comprises an auxiliary oxygen transport membrane reactor or a ceramic burner. The synthesis gas product is further treated in a separate high temperature water gas shift reactor and optionally in a separate low temperature water gas shift reactor. Hydrogen is produced from the resulting hydrogen-enriched gas using hydrogen PSA.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods of forming an alane-etherate complex and ?-alane from the alane-etherate complex. The methods include reacting an alkyl halide with a metal alanate in a solvent including an ether. A tertiary amine may also be added to the reaction. The alane is collected after removal of the solvent and/or the tertiary amine. An electrospraying process can be used to remove the solvent.

Abstract: A gasification system includes a scrubber in communication with a particulate removal subsystem and a quench sub-system.

Abstract: Invention presents a method of increasing the CO to H2 ratio of syngas. The method comprises passing syngas over a first rector (10) containing Cu at a first temperature effective for the reaction of CO2 within the syngas with the Cu to form copper oxide and CO. The temperature of the syngas is then reduces to a second temperature effective for the for the reaction of hydrogen within the syngas with copper oxide to form Cu and H2O. The syngas is then passed over a second rector (12) containing copper oxide so that the H2 within the syngas reacts with the copper oxide.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a gas generator that contains a liquid reactant that reacts to produce a gas in the presence of a catalyst. The catalyst is contained in a carrier that is buoyant in the liquid reactant. The gas generator also has at least one carrier movement restraining member adapted to selectively control the location of the carrier, and at least one compressible body containing a volume of gas. In a first configuration, when an internal pressure of the gas generator is lower than an internal pressure of the compressible body, the compressible body increases in volume, and in a second configuration when the internal pressure of the gas generator is higher than the internal pressure of the compressible body, the compressible body decreases in volume. The carrier movement restraining member restricts the carrier's movement in the first configuration.

Abstract: An apparatus for cracking gases with a supply line (1) for a carbon-containing gas, by means of which the gas is capable of being supplied to a first heat exchanger (5, 9) with a fill of a thermal storage mass, a first combustion chamber (6, 8) which is arranged downstream in the direction of flow of the gas and which, in particular, has a supply device capable of being regulated for another oxygen-containing gas, by means of which a partial oxidation of the carbon-containing gas is carried out by the hypostoichiometric supply of oxygen, and a reactor (7) which is arranged downstream of the first combustion chamber (6, 8) in the direction of flow of the gas which has a fill of a catalytically acting material for the catalytic splitting of impurities of the carbon-containing gas.

Abstract: A method for obtaining sweet gas, synthetic gas, and sulphur from natural gas. The method includes the steps of removing impurities from the natural gas for obtaining pre-treated natural gas; sweetening the pre-treated natural gas through a separation using a plurality of membranes for obtaining sweet gas and acid gases; ionizing the acid gases to dissociate them into sulphur and synthetic gas with remnants of acid gases; and neutralizing the synthetic gas with remnants of acid gases for generating sweet gas. Likewise, a system is presented on how to implement the method.

Abstract: A furnace for performing an endothermic process comprises tubes containing a catalyst for converting a gaseous feed, said tubes positioned inside the furnace, inner burners mounted to a furnace roof between the tubes, and outer burners mounted to the furnace roof between the tubes and a furnace wall. The outer burners are positioned close to the furnace wall, and configured to operate with 45-60% of the power of the inner burners and with an inlet velocity between 90 to 110% of the inlet velocity of the inner burners.