Abstract: An electrochemical sensor system and membrane and method thereof for increased accuracy and effective life of electrochemical and enzyme sensors.

Abstract: A sensor (1) for measuring O2 concentrations in liquids (2) has a working electrode (3), with a counterelectrode (4) and with a reference electrode (5), wherein the working electrode (3) and the counterelectrode (4) are in contact with the liquid (2). The reference electrode (5) is separated from the liquid (2) by a diaphragm (6). The reference electrode (5) measures a polarization voltage effectively acting at the working electrode (3) and is connected to a potentiostat regulating the potential between the working electrode (3) and the counterelectrode (4). The reference electrode (5), the working electrode (3) and the counterelectrode (4) are arranged coaxially to one another, wherein the working electrode (3) and the counterelectrode (4) are arranged around the reference electrode (5).

Abstract: Sensor for measuring the partial pressure of a gas in a gaseous medium, includes an electrochemical cell and a diffusion barrier with a porous membrane situated above an orifice made in a component surmounting a casing enclosing said electrochemical cell.

Abstract: A biosensor is provided that comprises a plate element with a pre-determined reaction zone and a recess positioned adjacent to the reaction zone. The biosensor also comprises a reagent that is positioned on the reaction zone. In preferred embodiments, the recess circumscribes at least a portion of the reaction zone.

Abstract: An electrochemical gas sensor for determining the concentration of gas components in a gas mixture, in particular for determining NOx and HC. The gas sensor includes a first measuring gas space which is connected to the measuring gas, and a second measuring gas space which is connected to the first measuring gas space by a connecting channel. Furthermore, a first electrode and a second electrode, arranged in the first measuring gas space, and at least one third electrode arranged in the second measuring gas space, and at least one fourth electrode are provided. The two measuring gas spaces are arranged in layer planes on top of one another and are separated from one another by at least one oxygen ion conducting layer, the connecting channel passing through the oxygen ion conducting layer.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for determining the concentration of a medically significant component of a biological fluid comprise providing a cell supporting a chemistry which reacts with the medically significant component. Placement of first and second terminals of the cell in contact with first and second terminals, respectively, of an instrument permits the instrument to assess the reaction. The instrument determines a first response of the cell to a first signal, and determines based upon the first response whether to proceed with the determination of the concentration of the medically significant component of the biological fluid. If the determination is to proceed, the instrument determines the type of sample that has been applied.

Abstract: The NOx concentration in a gas is determined with a thick-film measuring sensor which has two measuring cells. The raw measured value of the measuring sensor is corrected by a multiplicative correction value and an additive correction value, which are both taken from a characteristic map. The characteristic map depends on the oxygen-ion pumping current in the second measuring cell, the measured gas temperature, and the measuring sensor temperature.

Abstract: A sensor element, having a ceramic body made of a laminate having at least one ceramic foil and having a heating element embedded in the ceramic body. At least the longitudinal edges of the ceramic body have a chamfer. The heat source formed by the heating element lies in the direction of the bisector of an angle which is enclosed by a chamfer's edge lying closest to the heating element. The chamfer is formed in such a way that the angle enclosed by the large surface side edge, is larger than an angle enclosed by a narrow side edge.

Abstract: An electrochemical sensor having electrolyte, at least two electrodes and an electrolyte reservoir in a housing. The sensor has a hydrophobic gas communication means between said electrodes, electrolyte reservoir and ambient atmosphere. An electrochemical sensor having hydrophobic communication means mounted between electrodes and extending down to the electrolyte reservoir of the electrochemical sensor. Either embodiment of the sensor can provide oxygen for operation of the sensor and a balance of pressure, without interfering or poisonous gases.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon sensor of the present invention includes a substrate made of a solid electrolyte that conducts protons, and a pair of electrodes formed on the substrate, and at least one electrode of the pair of electrodes contains Au and Al. Assuming that a content of an Al simple substance in one of the pair of electrodes is “a” mol %, and a content of aluminum oxide therein is “b” mol %, “a” and “b” satisfy a relationship: a+2b≦7.

Abstract: In the manufacture of an ion selective electrode composed of a non-electroconductive support, a pair of electrodes each of which has a silver metal layer and a silver halide layer, an electrolytic material layer, an ion selective membrane, and a non-electroconductive sheet having a pair of openings for receiving a sample solution and a reference solution, respectively, and having thereon a bridge member for electrically connecting the sample solution received in one opening and the reference solution received in another opening, the ion selective membrane is advantageously divided into two separate portions, one of which is placed in a position above one electrode and another of which is placed in a position above another electrode.

Abstract: A hydrogen sensor and process for measuring hydrogen gas concentrations includes a pump cell and a measuring cell. The pump cell includes a first conducting electrolyte layer having a top and a bottom surface, and an electrode disposed on the top and bottom surfaces, wherein the top electrode is in communication with an unknown concentration of hydrogen gas. The measuring cell includes a second conducting electrolyte layer having a top and a bottom surface, and an electrode disposed on the top and bottom surfaces, wherein the bottom electrode is in communication with a reference gas source. A diffusion-limiting barrier is disposed between the pump cell bottom electrode and the measuring cell top electrode, wherein hydrogen diffusion through the diffusion-limiting barrier is controlled by a Knudsen diffusion mechanism at hydrogen concentrations greater than about 40%.

Abstract: One embodiment of a method for producing a gas sensor, comprises: disposing said gas sensor in a basic agent solution comprising a basic agent comprises a hydroxide of a metal selected from the group consisting of Group IA of the Periodic Table of Elements; Group IIA of the Periodic Table of Elements, and combinations comprising at least one of the foregoing basic agents, wherein said gas sensor comprises an electrolyte disposed between and in ionic communication with a first electrode and a second electrode; and disposing said gas sensor in an acidic agent solution.

Abstract: The invention relates to gas sensors, particularly electrochemical gas sensors. The reliability of such gas sensors has been ascertained by regular tests, which involve exposing a sensor to a gas for test or calibration purposes. However, it has been difficult to provide a known quantity or concentration of gas. Another problem has been that blockage of a gas inlet has rendered the gas sensor unreliable. The invention provides a gas sensor having a self test capability and first and second electrodes, arranged so that test gas arrives at a separate instant at each electrode so as to generate two electric currents, the ratio of which currents provides an indication of the status of at least one electrode.

Abstract: A gas sensor having a laminate structure composed of thin sheets of solid electrolyte and including a cavity portion 21 and an oxygen concentration cell 5. The oxygen concentration in the cavity portion 21 is held constant. The oxygen concentration cell 5 includes an active electrode 12 having a relatively high catalytic capability with respect to NOx or combustible gas and an inner common electrode 13/15 (serving as an inactive electrode and an oxygen-concentration-sensing electrode) having a relatively low catalytic capability with respect to NOx or combustible gas. The oxygen concentration cell 5 is disposed in the gas sensor so as to be exposed to the interior of the cavity portion 21. The concentration of NOx or combustible gas is determined based on an electromotive force (of the order of mV) generated between the active electrode 12 and the inner common electrode 13/15 by a concentration cell effect.

Abstract: An instrument (20) has a well (28a-b) for receiving a dry cell (75), an opening (78) through which a first connector (74) is exposed to the well (28a-b), and a boss (76) adjacent the opening (78). The boss (76) precludes the wrong terminal of the dry cell (75) from engaging the first connector (74) when the dry cell (75) is inserted into the well (28a-b) in incorrect orientation. A second connector (80) includes a base (81), a first leg (82) resiliently connected to and extending away from the base portion, a second leg (84) resiliently connected to and extending away from the first leg (82), and a third leg (86) resiliently connected to and extending away from the second leg (84) and toward the first leg (82). A display (42) for the instrument (20) has a lens (90) having a substantially transparent substrate with a polyurethane coating. The instrument housing has first and second portions.

Abstract: The poison resistant sensor comprises a sensing electrode (4) having a first and second side; a reference electrode (7) having a first and second side; an electrolyte (1) disposed between and in intimate contact with the first side of the sensing electrode and the first side of the reference electrode; a first side of a protective layer (3) disposed adjacent to the second side of the sensing electrode; and a protective coating (17), comprising alpha alumina and gamma alumina, disposed in physical contact with the second side of the protective layer.

Abstract: An electrochemical measuring sensor for determining gas components and/or gas concentrations in gas mixtures, having a sensor element which has at least one signal-forming electrode having a supply lead of the signal-forming electrode and at least one electrical element whose electrical potential differs from the electrical potential of the supply lead of the signal-forming electrode. The supply lead of the signal-forming electrode is at least regionally surrounded by an electrically conducting shielding, so that fault currents appearing because of the potential difference between the supply lead of the signal-forming electrode and the electrical element flow at least predominantly between the electrical element and the shielding.

Abstract: A dual-manifold assembly is provided for the rapid, parallel transfer of liquid reagents from a microtiter plate to a solid state microelectronic device having biological sensors integrated thereon. The assembly includes aspiration and dispense manifolds connected by a plurality of conduits. In operation, the aspiration manifold is actuated such that the aspiration manifold is seated onto an array of reagent-filled wells of the microtiter plate. The wells are pressurized to force reagent through conduits toward the dispense manifold. A pressure pulse provided by a standard ink-jet printhead ejects nanoliter-to-picoliter droplets of reagent through an array of printhead orifices and onto test sites on the surface of the microelectronic device.

Abstract: A sensor strip comprises an electrode substrate, an electrode set, on the electrode substrate, and microspheres. The sensor strip allows for a smaller sample volume and maintain a more uniform flow profile through the sample channel.