Abstract: A method and device for the preparative scale recovery of a protein or other charged macromolecule by electrophoretic separation of a mixture of such macromolecules. The device is adapted to be installed between the electrodes of an electrophoretic cell and includes a gel receiving receptacle adapted to hold the end of a gel slab or gel fragments containing an electrophoretically separated macromolecule. An aperture in the base of the receptacle is covered by a first membrane which is substantially permeable to the macromolecules desired to be recovered and a second membrane substantially impermeable to the macromolecules to be recovered but permeable to electrolyte molecules in a buffer solution used in electrophoresis. The two membranes lie in spaced apart array with one another to define therebetween a recovery space. Means are provided to allow the periodic or continuous withdrawal of buffer solution and macromolecules from the recovery space.

Abstract: A method comprising contacting an organic polymer viscosified halide ion-containing, aqueous solution with a sufficient amount of an in situ, electrochemically generated breaker suitable to reduce the viscosity of the solution.

Abstract: An electrode for membrane electrolysis comprises an electrode body, whose surface is provided at least partially with an electro-catalytically active coating.The electrode body is constructed from a plurality of parallel, mutually spaced lamellas having a plurality of recesses on edge surfaces facing the membrane, edge surfaces of bridge portions, located between these recesses, not being coated for electro-catalytic activity.

Abstract: A decor is applied to a tin can by printing a pattern onto a metallic surface thereof directly and hardening the pattern on the metallic surface. The can is then immersion-coated in an electroimmersion lacquering unit to provide it with a lacquer coating. The printed pattern can be an electrically conductive lacquer in order to insure the electroimmersion coating of the printed pattern as well as the exposed metal surfaces which may surround it.

Abstract: An electrically augmented vacuum filtration apparatus for dewatering a suspension of solids wherein the transport of ions into the cake product is controlled by provision of a suitable anionic solid polymeric electrolyte arranged to isolate at least one electrode from the suspension of solids.

Abstract: A method of treating fluids containing impurities by means of an electrochemical reactor consisting of at least one pair of opposed main electrodes, a power source capable of generating an alternating current connected to the main electrodes, and a plurality of auxiliary electrodes disposed between the main electrodes which are uniformly arranged in a mutually close relationship. The auxiliary electrodes may be disposed on the surfaces of nonconductive supports so as to form a macroporous mixed filler layer between the main electrodes. Control of the electrochemical reactions is achieved through the choice of electrocatalytic materials on the surfaces of the auxiliary electrodes and materials dissolved in the fluid to be treated.

Abstract: A method for removing chloride ions from an anion exchange resin to provide extremely low residual chloride concentration and comprises placing the resin in a cathode cell of an electrolytic cell, the electrolytic cell having an anode and a cathode, and anode and cathode cells being separated by an anion selective permeable membrane. Catholyte is flowed through the resin containing cathode cell and anolyte is flowed through the anode cell while a direct current is applied across the anode and cathode. Chloride or chlorine gas derived from the resin is removed from the anode cell.

Abstract: There is provided a method of ion beam generation wherein a plurality of opposing targets are sputtered by plasma generated in a space confined by these targets and ionized particles thereby generated are led outside of the above space in a given direction under presence of an electric field.In connection to this method, an ion beam generator is disclosed comprising a plurality of targets, a plasma generating means to generate plasma necessary to sputter these targets in a space confined by these targets and a control electrode to lead ionized particles generated by sputtering with the above plasma outside of such space under control of their energy.

Abstract: Direct D.C. electrical coupling between a fuel cell and an electrolysis cell is achieved without use of any other electrical power or storage source by use of an oxidant partial pressure control system. This system is based on comparison of the desired fuel cell output voltage with the actual voltage output of the fuel cell and adjusting the partial pressure accordingly.

Abstract: A system and apparatus for dewatering a suspension of solids in a carrier liquid by means of an electrically augmented vacuum filter having an anodic electrode structure comprising an anode and a liquid impervious wall, wherein the wall is a non ion selective membrane which is permeable to both cations and anions. The non ion selective membrane being impervious to the suspension solids, carrier liquid, electrolyte and gaseous electrode reaction products. This non ion selective membrane comprises a substrate and a solid polymeric film, wherein the substrate is a cloth support and the solid polymeric film comprises a cation exchange resin, an anion exchange resin and a binder. The charge transfer numbers of the non ion selective membrane t.sup.+ is in the range of 0.20 to 0.80 and t.sup.- in the range of 0.80 to 0.20, respectively.

Abstract: A collar for protecting the iron spade of an anode rod for a carbon block that serves as an anode in the electrolytic production of aluminum comprises a plurality of shaped carbon blocks each with two close-fitting, abutting end faces and recesses which jointly correspond in cross-section to that of the anode spade or pin and surround the anode spade or pin projecting out of the anode block; the base areas of the said carbon collar blocks form a plane which is in contact with the carbon anode. The shaped carbon blocks are manufactured out of 60-90 wt % carbonaceous solids and 10-40 wt % bitumen binder. Because of their low pore volume the protective collars exhibit a low absorption capacity for sodium and a favorable combustion behavior during the electrolytic process.

Abstract: This invention relates to a hydrometallurgical process for recovering the values contained in metallurgical residues, such as anode mud. In the first step of the process the residue is leached with an alkali carbonate bearing cyanide solution in the presence of an oxidizer, with agitation. The resulting pregnant solution is separated from the barren solids, and subsequently treated for the recovery of the value metals. In the preferred embodiment the recovery is conducted in an electrolytic cell, but known ion exchange processes are equally suitable. The reagent solution is then passed through an ion exchange system to remove trace metal residuals, impurities and degradation products. Next the original chemical composition of the now barren extractant is restored by chemical replenishment or addition, and the regenerated reagent is recirculated for contact with fresh residue and oxidizer.

Abstract: A filter press membrane electrolytic cell having at least one cathode and one anode sandwiched about a permselective ion exchange membrane which employs a cathode having a first layer and a second layer cooperative with the membrane such that the voltage coefficient during operation at current densities greater than 4.0 kiloamperes per square meter is less than about 0.20 volts per kiloampere per square meter.

Abstract: Separation of complex mixtures and solutions can be carried out using a method and apparatus for continuous annular electrochromatography. Solutes are diverted radially by an imposed electrical field as they move downward in a rotating chromatographic column.

Abstract: Cobalt and manganese oxidation catalyst metals are recovered from trimellitic anhydride process residue by extracting the residue with water and using the extract solution as a diluting solution in an electrodialyzer the separation stack of which comprises an anode channel and at least one three channel repeating unit wherein each repeating unit having in sequence channels A, B, and C. In this separation stack the anode channel is formed by an anode and a cation permeation membrane, Channel A is formed by two cation permeation membranes, Channel B is formed by a cation permeation membrane and an anion permeation membrane, and Channel C is formed by an anion permeation membrane and either a cation permeation membrane or a cathode. A suitable anolyte flows through the anode channel. The diluting solution is fed to the A channels. An electrolyte is fed to the B channels. A suitable catholyte is fed to the C channels.

Abstract: An electrokinetic dewatering apparatus is disclosed which includes a pair of oppositely electrically charged continuously traveling webs or belts positioned to contact a quantity of clay material passed into a nip formed at the inlet to the dewatering apparatus. The clay cake is continuously contacted by the two webs while the cake passes therebetween. The clay material is not subjected to any pressure force substantially in excess of the contact pressure during the electrokinetic separation and removal of a portion of the water contained therein.

Abstract: A process for producing amino alcohols by electrosynthesis of nitro alcohols.Reduction of the nitro group is performed in three stages on a cathode made of a material having a strong hydrogen overpotential. During the second stage of reduction, the electronegative potential is higher, and in the last stage the sulfuric solution of amino alcohol obtained is subjected to a purification operation by electro-electrodialysis (EED), followed by an elimination of water.The process is particularly useful for the production of 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol, 2-nitro-2-methyl-1, 3-propanediol, 2-nitro-2-ethyl-1, 3-propanediol, 2-nitro-1-butanol, tris(hydroxymethyl) nitromethane.

Abstract: This invention includes apparatus and method for providing a support mechanism for electrode assemblies including positioning means of electrically nonconductive material having an inside surface forming an internal cavity, means for passing a heat transfer fluid through the cavity along the inside surface, and wire or fiber in the path of the fluid. The wire or fiber is positioned essentially normal to the flow of the fluid and is positioned to provide a substantially unobstructed line of sight between the wire or fiber and the inside surface, the wire or fiber having a high radiative absorptance and emittance.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are an oxygen-cathode for use in electrolysis of an alkali chloride, comprising a current collector made of a compact carbonaceous material, an electrode substrate made of a porous carbonaceous material and the catalyst carried on the electrode substrate, wherein the electrode substrate and the current collector have been joined together via the mutually facing carbonized surfaces thereof, and a process for preparing the oxygen-cathode.

Abstract: A surgical pleural drainage apparatus for draining fluids from the body of a patient is disclosed. The apparatus includes a container with a collection chamber. A suction outlet is provided on the container which is connected to a source of negative pressure and a fluid passageway connects the suction outlet to the collection chamber. A non-liquid one-way valve is provided in the fluid passageway for allowing fluid flow only from the collection chamber to the suction outlet. An air leak indicator is also provided in the passageway to indicate a flow of gases through the passageway and optionally the qualitative quantity of that flow. Preferably, the air leak indicator includes a visible liquid trap through which any gases flow and form bubbles which are visible. The liquid trap is prefilled with glycerine or a like liquid. The amount of negative pressure applied to the collection chamber is controlled by a suction control device.