Abstract: An .alpha.-amino acid is effectively separated and recovered from an aqueous solution containing at least an .alpha.-amino acid and its corresponding .alpha.-amino acid amide by performing ion-exchange electrodialysis in the presence of ammonia. A reaction product liquid obtained by biochemical asymmetric hydrolysis of a D, L-.alpha.-amino acid is used preferably as the raw material aqueous solution for dialysis.

Abstract: A calorimeter and method of obtaining the calorific value of a test gas comprises a pair of constant flow pumps one for supplying air at known volumetric flow and the other for supplying a test gas at known volumetric flow. The known volumetric flow of air is maintained at a level sufficient to provide enough oxygen to fully burn all oxidizable components of the test gas. The air and test gas are mixed and catalytically burned in a heated block and the combustion products are thereafter supplied to an electrochemical oxygen measuring cell which measures the remaining oxygen in the mixture. A circuit arrangement is utilized to obtain a value proportional to the difference between the remaining oxygen and original amount of oxygen which value is proportional to the amount of oxygen utilized and in turn proportional to calorific value of the test gas.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process of producing oxyacids of chlorine or salts of such acids by an electrolysis of salt solutions which are contaminated with calcium and/or magnesium or of sea water. In such processes, deposits or crusts are formed on the electrodes in the course of time, particularly in the cells to which the sea water is supplied first. For this reason, the plant must be cleaned from time to time. By means of the invention, a formation of crusts is virtually prevented in that the electrolysis is carried out(a) in an initial phase with an electrolyte flowing at a velocity above 0.7 meter per second and up to 2.0 meters per second and(b) in a succeeding phase with an electrolyte flowing at a velocity of 0.3 meter per second to less than 0.7 meter per second,the velocity of flow being stated for electrolyte which is free from gas.

Abstract: An electrophoresis system which provides enhanced resolution and ability to identify nucleases through use of a two-dimensional technique involving isoelectric focussing of tube gels followed by the electrophoresis of second-dimension slab gels formed by the use of a holder allowing slab gels to be cast directly on the sides of the tube gels. DNA is employed as the enzyme substrate within the slab gels. The slab gels are electrophoresed for the second dimension in a chamber wherein the rack containing a stack of slab gels forms the partition between the anolyte and catholyte compartments. After the second-dimension electrophoresis, the slab gels are incubated in incubation buffer and placed in Pyronin Y to stain the unhydrolized DNA. After staining, they are destained in acetic acid. The DNAses are then visible as colorless spots in a reddish-colored gel.

Abstract: An isotachophoretic apparatus which is equipped with means for discriminating whether each of the zones of a sample having been separated by electrophoresis is a completely separate one having already been separated into a single component or an incompletely separate one. The discriminating means is constructed of means for detecting zones at different instants, e.g., two usual detectors, means for detecting the length of the zones, e.g., a time counter and means for comparing the lengths of the two corresponding zones and judging the completion of separation, e.g., a microcomputer.

Abstract: Horizontal gel electrophoresis is carried out in a disposable device in the form of a rectangular upwardly open tray having a pair of elongated wells at opposite ends of the container receiving the electrodes which may be insertable or can form a permanent part of the unit. A raised flat form lying below the top of the tray is disposed between the two wells and, spaced from this platform and on opposite sides thereof, removable partitions are received so that, when the gel is cast over the platform between the two partitions, the latter can be removed to allow direct contact between the two ends of the gel slab and the buffer solutions in the wells, thereby eliminating narrow bridges or other like conduct paths between the electrode-immersing buffers and the electrophoresis general body.

Abstract: A chlorine dioxide generator and method for generating chlorine dioxide gas from sodium chlorite through the use of photochemical oxidation, the chlorine dioxide generator comprising a base to operatively support an enlarged hollow substantially cylindrical housing having a lid with a centrally disposed aperture formed therein removably disposed on the upper portion thereof; a chlorine dioxide gas generating chamber supported on the base within the enlarged hollow substantially cylindrical enclosure comprising an elongated substantially cylindrical hollow reaction tube having a reduced upper end, a gas conduit member mounted on the upper portion and partially disposed within the elongated substantially cylindrical transparent hollow reaction tube, said gas conduit member being comprised of an innermost hollow inert gas delivery tube coaxially disposed within the substantially cylindrical transparent hollow reaction tube, and an opaque hollow substantially cylindrical shield including a plurality of apertures

Abstract: The leg of a tray constituting an electrophoretic cell and accommodating a gel layer are provided with a centrally located partitioning member to eliminate uneven current density over the entire gel layer when the cell is energized during electrophoresis.

Abstract: In a process for refining Al or Mg a stream of relatively impure molten metal is passed along one face of a grille separator having interstices of the order of 0.1-1 cm in width. The interstices are filled with a molten salt electrolyte adapted to transport ions of the selected metal (Al or Mg) to a body of refined metal on the opposite side of the separator. The relatively impure metal is made in the anode and the refined metal is the cathode. Refined metal is progressively withdrawn from the cathode. The grille separator may be arranged substantially vertical or substantially horizontal, usually with slight inclination. Passages are preferably provided in the separator to allow escape of gas generated at a metal/electrolyte interface.