Abstract: A method of inhibiting the translation of bacterial mRNA is disclosed. The method comprises overexpressing in a bacterium an mRNA which contains a sequence which is complementary to the anti-downstream box region of the 16S rRNA. RNA and DNA constructs for the overexpression of the mRNA of the invention are disclosed. Further, there are disclosed isolated DNA constructs that direct the prolonged expression of a heterologous gene in a cold-shocked bacterium at reduced temperature. The construct can comprise a promoter region of a cold-shocked inducible gene. The replication vehicle comprising such DNA constructs and a method for overexpressing a heterologous gene in a bacterium transformed with such a replication vehicle are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a conditionally replicating viral vector, methods of making, modifying, propagating and selectively packaging, and using such a vector, isolated molecules of specified nucleotide and amino acid sequences relevant to such vectors, a pharmaceutical composition and a host cell comprising such a vector, the use of such a host cell to screen drugs. The methods include the prophylactic and therapeutic treatment of viral infection, in particular HIV infection, and, thus, are also directed to viral vaccines and the treatment of cancer, in particular cancer of viral etiology. Other methods include the use of such conditionally replicating viral vectors in gene therapy and other applications.

Abstract: Nucleic acid catalysts, method of screening/selection for nucleic acid catalysts, synthesis of ribozyme libraries and discovery of gene sequences involved in a biological process are described.

Abstract: This invention dicloses compositions of matter that are oligonucleotide analogs containing one or more improvements, where the improvement consists of replacing one or more of the phosphodiester linking units (—O—PO2−—O—) by a dimethylene sulfide (—CH2—S—CH2—), sulfoxide (—CH2—SO—CH2—), or sulfone linking unit (—CH2—SO2—CH2—). This linkage is stable to degradation both by enzymes and by alkaline hydrolysis, contains no stereogenic atoms, and confers improved stability and the ability to fold into tertiary structure upon natural oligonucleotides and their analogs.

Abstract: Oligonucleotides are provided which are targeted to nucleic acids encoding human raf and capable of inhibiting raf expression. The oligonucleotides may have chemical modifications at one or more positions and may be chimeric oligonucleotides. Methods of inhibiting the expression of human raf using oligonucleotides of the invention are also provided. The present invention further comprises methods of inhibiting hyperproliferation of cells and methods of treating or preventing conditions, including hyperproliferative conditions, associated with raf expression.

Abstract: The present invention provides a conditionally replicating viral vector, methods of making, modifying, propagating and selectively packaging, and using such a vector, isolated molecules of specified nucleotide and amino acid sequences relevant to such vectors, a pharmaceutical composition and a host cell comprising such a vector, the use of such a host cell to screen drugs. The methods include the prophylactic and therapeutic treatment of viral infection, in particular HIV infection, and, thus, are also directed to vital vaccines and the treatment of cancer, in particular cancer of viral etiology. Other methods include the use of such conditionally replicating viral vectors in gene therapy and other applications.

Abstract: Oligonucleotides are provided which are targeted to nucleic acids encoding human raf and capable of inhibiting raf expression. Methods of inhibiting the expression of human raf using oligonucleotides of the invention are also provided. The present invention further comprises methods of preventing or inhibiting hyperproliferation of cells and methods of treating abnormal proliferative conditions which employ oligonucleotides of the invention.

Abstract: A nucleic acid molecule is provided which is initially catalytically inactive but which can complex with a specific co-factor, e.g., a nucleic acid molecule or a non-nucleic acid molecule, to form a catalytically active nucleic acid molecule. The catalytically active nucleic acid molecule can be used to detect the presence of a non-nucleic acid co-factor or of a nucleic acid co-factor using the nucleic acid sequence of the present invention.

Abstract: Oligonucleotide comprising a nucleotide base having the formula: wherein B is a nucleotide base or hydrogen; R1, R2 and R3 independently is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, an alkyl group containing between 2 and 10 carbon atoms inclusive, an amine, an amino acid, and a peptide containing between 2 and 5 amino acids inclusive; and the zigzag lines are independently hydrogen or a bond.

Abstract: A method is provided for inducing DNA synthesis in differentiated neurons. According to certain embodiments of the invention, a method for inducing DNA synthesis in a differentiated neuron is provided that includes obtaining a vector comprising nucleic acid encoding an E2F regulator and/or an E1A regulator, wherein the vector can be used to express the nucleic acid in a differentiated neuron, and transfecting a differentiated neuron with the vector.

Abstract: Oligonucleotides are provided which are targeted to nucleic acids encoding human c-raf and capable of inhibiting raf expression. The oligonucleotides contain a methoxyethoxy (2′—O—CH2CH2OCH3) modification at the 2′ position of at least one nucleotide. Methods of inhibiting the expression of human raf using oligonucleotides of the invention are also provided. The present invention further comprises methods of inhibiting hyperproliferation of cells and methods of treating abnormal proliferative conditions which employ oligonucleotides of the invention.

Abstract: Peptide nucleic acids conjugated to lipophilic groups and incorporated into liposomes exhibit enhanced cellular uptake and distribution. Cellular uptake and distribution of peptide nucleic acids also increases with the introduction of an amino acid side chain into the backbone of peptide nucleic acids. Methods of modulating cellular uptake and methods for treating animals are provided. The peptide nucleic acids of the invention comprise naturally-occurring nucleobases and non-naturally-occurring nucleobases attached to a polyamide backbone.

Abstract: Cyanobacteria incorporating a gene from Bacillus sp. encoding for insecticidal proteins (endotoxins) is described. The endotoxins are particularly effective against Diptera (mosquito) larvae. Recombinant vectors for transforming DNA fragments of the endotoxin gene or genes into the Cyanobacterium are described. The Cyanobacteria are easily grown in ponds or the like where the mosquitos or other insects breed.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel human genes, for example a novel human gene comprising a nucleotide sequence coding for the amino acid sequence shown under SEQ ID NO:1. The use of the genes makes it possible to detect the expression of the same in various tissues, analyze their structures and functions, and produce the human proteins encoded by the genes by the technology of genetic engineering. Through these, it becomes possible to analyze the corresponding expression products, elucidate the pathology of diseases associated with the genes, for example hereditary diseases and cancer, and diagnose and treat such diseases.

Abstract: Oligonucleotides and other macromolecules are provided that have increased nuclease resistance, substituent groups for increasing binding affinity to complementary strand, and sub-sequences of 2′-deoxy-erythro-pentofuranosyl nucleotides that activate RNase H enzyme. Such oligonucleotides and macromolecules are useful for diagnostics and other research purposes, for modulating protein in organisms, and for the diagnosis, detection and treatment of other conditions susceptible to antisense therapeutics.

Abstract: Novel compounds that mimic and/or modulate the activity of wild-type nucleic acids. In general, the compounds are oligonucleotides which contain at least one region of 2′-modified nucleosides connected by alternating phosphodiester and phosphorothioate linkages.

Abstract: A kit for detecting a first substance in a sample including a stabilized 1,2-dioxetane bearing an enzyme-labile substituent, which is destabilized and caused to decompose by contacting the 1,2-dioxetane with an enzyme under conditions which cause the enzyme to cleave the enzyme-labile group from the dioxetane, thereby yielding a negatively charged oxygen anion bonded to the 1,2-dioxetane, which causes the 1,2-dioxetane to decompose without input from an external excitation energy source, the decomposition being accompanied by chemiluminescence; and a second component selected from the group consisting of a specific affinity substance (e.g., an antigen, an antibody or a nucleic acid probe) and an enzyme which destabilizes said 1,2-dioxetane.

Abstract: Antisense compounds, compositions and methods are provided for modulating the expression of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta. The compositions comprise antisense compounds, particularly antisense oligonucleotides, targeted to nucleic acids encoding glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta. Methods of using these compounds for modulation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta expression and for treatment of diseases associated with expression of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta are provided.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of immune states and disorders amenable to treatment through modulation of T cell activation are provided. In accordance with preferred embodiments, oligonucleotides are provided which are specifically hybridizable with nucleic acids encoding B7 proteins.

Abstract: Antisense compounds, compositions and methods are provided for modulating the expression of glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha. The compositions comprise antisense compounds, particularly antisense oligonucleotides, targeted to nucleic acids encoding glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha. Methods of using these compounds for modulation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha expression and for treatment of diseases associated with expression of glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha are provided.