Abstract: This patent describes devices and methods to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of protective equipment in providing protection to players of contact sports, and to determine if a given protective product (pad) is compliant with a specified performance standard. To simulate the impacts experienced by these players, a pad-protected specially modified and instrumented manikin is impacted with solid loads of various weights at various speeds. The impacts are designed to model the impact forces and impact times encountered in typical game collisions. For each impact, measurements are made of the force exerted onto the pad, and the parts of this force that are transmitted through the pad onto various locations on the manikin, as a function of time.

Abstract: A clearance gage that includes an elongated shaft having a first end and a second end, a gage element connected to the first end of the elongated shaft, where the gage element defines a first width and a second width measured perpendicular to the elongated shaft, where the first width is larger than the second width, where a thickness of the elongated shaft is not more than the second width, where the first width defines a size of the gage element to assess a gap clearance between two components, and a marker connected to the elongated shaft, where the marker is positioned at a predetermined distance from the gage element along the elongated shaft, where the marker defines a marker width measured in a direction perpendicular to the elongated shaft that is greater than the second width of the gage element.

Abstract: A system for and method of diagnosing operation of a partial filtration filter exhaust aftertreatment system are provided. An upstream exhaust temperature value is determined in an exhaust system upstream of at least one of a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) component and a first partial flow filter (PFF) component. A downstream exhaust temperature value is determined in the exhaust system downstream of a second PFF component positioned downstream of the at least one of the DOC component and the first PFF component. A frequency difference is determined between a first frequency content of the upstream exhaust temperature value and a second frequency content of the downstream exhaust temperature value. If the frequency is less than a predetermined threshold, it is determined that at least one of the DOC component and the PFF component are not present in the exhaust system.

Abstract: A mass airflow sensor according to the present disclosure includes a housing, a sensor element, and a flow deflector. The housing defines an airflow passage configured to receive air flowing in a first direction. The sensor element is disposed in the airflow passage and generates a signal indicating a mass flow rate of air flowing through the airflow passage. The flow deflector is disposed in the airflow passage downstream of the sensor element, extends from an inner wall surface of the airflow passage, and is configured to inhibit air flow through the airflow passage in a second direction that is opposite of the first direction.

Abstract: A capacitive pressure sensor for an internal combustion engine is provided having a housing having a bottom surface, variable capacitor and circuitry. The variable capacitor is formed by a stationary electrode and an elastically bendable electrode. Pressure exerted on the bottom surface acts to bend the elastically bendable electrode. This bending alters the capacitance of the variable capacitor. The circuitry is configured to generate a signal based on the variable capacitance of the variable capacitor. This capacitance is representative of the pressure exerted on the bottom surface.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for cable inspection, which inspects an aerial cable used in electric power transmission, the apparatus including: first and second plates spaced apart from each other; a lower clamp disposed on the first plate; an upper clamp disposed on the second plate to face the lower clamp and having a through hole in a vertical direction; a distance adjustment unit configured to adjust a separation distance between the first and second plates; an indenter indented in a coating of the cable through the through hole; a first load cell configured to measure an indentation force of the indenter and to output a signal corresponding to the measured indentation force; a second load cell disposed under the lower clamp and configured to measure pressure applied to the cable and to output a signal corresponding to the measured pressure; and an indenter moving unit configured to control movement of the indenter.

Abstract: Computational models and calculations relating to trapped and scavenged air per cylinder (APC) improve scavenging and non-scavenging operational modes of internal combustion engines as well as the transition there-between. Data from sensors which include engine speed, manifold air pressure, barometric pressure, crankshaft position, and valve state are provided to a pair of artificial neural networks. A first neural network utilizes this data to calculate the nominal volume of gas, i.e., air trapped in the cylinder. A second neural network utilizes this data to calculate the trapping ratio. The output of the first network is utilized with the ideal gas law to calculate the actual mass of trapped APC. The actual mass of trapped APC is also divided by the trapping ratio calculated by the second network to determine the total APC and is further utilized to calculate the scavenged APC by subtracting the trapped APC from the total APC.

Abstract: A device for testing a test material for defects within the test material has an acoustic broadband transducer offset from the test material surface during testing by a distance so that the transducer acquires acoustic waves across an air gap from the test material, wherein the acoustic waves arise from impact of an impact member on the test material.

Abstract: A method for the maintenance of a used gas turbine includes the at least partially automated steps of: determining the geometry of a flow-guiding component, in particular a rotating blade or a guide vane, of the gas turbine; prognosticating the aerodynamics and/or thermodynamics of the component based on the determined geometry; and classifying the component into one of several predetermined classes based on the prognosticated aerodynamics and/or thermodynamic, where the predetermined classes denote different properties and parameter ranges indicating unusable components to usable components with poor performance.

Abstract: A brake force sensor arrangement for a brake unit includes a brake unit including a brake force application member; and a strain gage positioned on the brake force application member. The strain gage may be configured to measure the stress, strain, or stress and strain of the brake force application member. The stress, strain, or stress and strain of the brake force application member may be proportional to the brake force applied by the brake unit.

Abstract: A filtration monitoring system is an electronic system control module installed on an internal combustion engine or within a vehicle powered by the internal combustion engine. The filtration monitoring system monitors the health and status of the filtration systems present on the engine. The filtration monitoring system tracks filter loading patterns and predicts remaining service life of the filters by running smart algorithms based on sensor feedback (e.g., pressure sensor feedback, fluid quality characteristic sensor feedback, etc.). In some arrangements, the described filtration monitoring systems provide feedback as to whether a genuine (i.e., authorized, OEM approved, etc.) or unauthorized filter cartridge is installed in a given filtration system. The filtration monitoring system may be retrofit into an existing internal combustion engine or vehicle that does not already have a filtration monitoring system.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for measuring physical properties of material in a vessel are provided. In one example, the method includes capturing a response to a vibration initiated by a source in mechanical communication with the vessel, generating a vibration response spectrum based on the response, and calculating at least one value of at least one physical property of the material based on at least one pre-established relationship between the at least one physical property and one or more characteristics of the vibration response spectrum.

Abstract: Fluid sampling assembly (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) adapted to be installed with fluid communication with a flow of a fluid to be sampled. The assembly comprises a rotating body (23) supported in a chamber (27) of a chamber housing (29). The chamber has a fluid inlet (31). The rotating body (23) comprises a sample compartment (33) with a sample compartment inlet (35). The rotating body (23) is connected to a rotation actuator (17). The sample compartment (33) is in fluid communication with the fluid inlet (31) when the rotating body (23) is in a rotational position where the sample compartment inlet (35) is aligned with the fluid inlet (31). The sample compartment (33) is enclosed by an inner wall (25) of the chamber (27) and inner walls of the sample compartment (33) when the sample compartment inlet (35) is in a position out of alignment with the fluid inlet (31).

Abstract: A magnetic communication system for a gas turbine engine may include a sensor coupled to a microcontroller. A low frequency radio-frequency identification integrated chip may be coupled to the microcontroller. A first coupling circuit may be coupled to the low frequency radio-frequency identification integrated chip and may include a first coil winding wound within a first core. The first coil winding operatively associated with a low frequency magnetic flux.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for measuring permeation of gases through a material comprising the following steps: a) Supplying gas to a permeation enclosure (10) during which a first chamber (11) is supplied with a target gas flow comprising at least one target gas corresponding to a gas for which one tries to determine the permeation through the material (M), and simultaneous supplying gas to a measurement enclosure (20) with at least one calibrated flow comprising at least one reference gas different from the target gas; b) during the gas supply step, measuring in the measurement enclosure (20) the reference gas present at instant (t) and the target gas present at the same instant (t) after having crossed the material (M) by permeation; c) calculating a correction factor at instant (t) by comparing the measurement of the reference gas present at instant (t) with the reference gas supply calibrated flow; and d) determining the permeation of the material (M) to said gas, from the measurement of the ta

Abstract: A method and device for testing the output pressure of a compressed air unit is disclosed. A pressure verification device includes a first port configured for attachment to a compressed air unit. A first pressure relief valve is connected to a second port of the pressure verification device and is set to open at a first set pressure. A switching valve is connected to a third port. When the pressure is at least the first set pressure, a path to atmosphere is established from the first port through the first pressure relief valve when the switching valve is in the closed position. In addition, the first pressure relief valve comprises a means for at least one of an audible, a tactile and a visual indicator of the operation of the compressed air unit.

Abstract: A method for estimating pressures at a gas engine using a real-time model-based observer is implemented by a pressure estimation computing device. The method includes receiving a design schema describing an intake manifold and a plurality of components associated with the gas engine, segmenting the design schema into a plurality of segments defining a plurality of sections of the gas engine, defining a fluid dynamics model associated with each of the plurality of segments, defining a plurality of interconnected elements based on the plurality of fluid dynamics models, receiving at least one pressure measurement from at least one of a plurality of sensors associated with each of the sections of the gas engine, estimating a plurality of pressure values at each section of the gas engine, and controlling fuel injection to at least one gas cylinder based on the estimated plurality of pressure values.

Abstract: Certain embodiments described herein are directed to devices that can be used to control fluid flow through one or more detectors. In some configurations, the device can be configured as a manifold that can receive a positive pressure to decouple the flow of fluid through a chromatography column from fluid flow through a detector. In certain configurations, sample flow can be accelerated into a detector cell comprising one or more filaments.

Abstract: A method for detecting a closing time of an injector valve includes receiving a valve current profile of the injector valve, processing the valve current profile using at least a slope discriminator, determining a stuck status and a closing time (if applicable) of the injector valve based on an output of the slope discriminator. An engine control unit configured to detect a closing time of an injector valve is also provided. The engine control unit has a first control logic configured to receive a valve current profile of the injector valve, a second control logic configured to process the current profile using at least a slope discriminator, and a third control logic configured to determine a stuck status and a closing time of the injector valve based on an output of the slope discriminator. Further, a vehicle system including a controller configured to detecting a valve closing time is provided.

Abstract: A system for searching for a resonant frequency of a transducer, comprising: an initializing unit (11), a phase determining unit (12), an interval hopping control unit (13), a hopping interval generating unit (15), a frequency output control unit (17), a phase acquiring unit (16), and a resonant frequency obtaining unit (14). The search range of the interval for the last search can be narrowed by at least half thereof in each frequency hopping, thus allowing for reduced amount of searches.