Abstract: A liquified gas-containing generator has a casing in which a reaction container containing liquified gas is accommodated. So as to trigger combustion of the liquified gas a puncture element with an overflow channel is driven into the reaction container. The kinetic energy for the puncture element is generated pyrotechnically by initiation of an ignition element. The ignition gases of the ignition element pass via the overflow channel into the interior of the reaction container where these gases induce combustion of the liquified gas. The combustion gases arising thereby pass via the overflow channel out of the reaction container into a hollow space in which the puncture element is arranged. The hollow space is sealed in relation to a discharge passage by a bursting membrane. This bursting membrane bursts open when a minimum pressure of the combustion gases is reached and thereby opens the way for discharge of the combustion gases out of the casing via the discharge passage.

Abstract: A liquid is subjected to ultrasound within a stainless steel pipe (35) of wall thickness 2.5 mm. Three ultrasonic transducers (56) are equally spaced around the pipe, each fixed to one end of a tapered resonant coupler (46) with a nodal flange (48) by which it is supported with its wider end coaxially within a steel collar (38) welded to the outside of the pipe wall. The space around the sides and the end of the coupler is filled by a buffer liquid such as olive oil. When the transducers (56) are energised they resonate, as do the couplers (46), and ultrasound is transmitted through the buffer liquid and the wall into the liquid inside the pipe (35). Within the pipe the intensity can be sufficient to cause cavitation, and so to cause sonochemical effects.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for sterilizing preformed cartons prior to filling is disclosed. The interior of the cartons are first sprayed with a solution of hydrogen peroxide. The cartons are then treated with heated air to remove the hydrogen peroxide. The heated air is applied by means of a hollow mandrel having nozzles at one end. The mandrel corresponds generally to the shape of the carton. When the mandrel is inserted in the carton, air is directed against the interior side walls and bottom of the carton, and is exhausted from the carton by flowing upwardly between the side walls of the mandrel and the side walls of the carton.

Abstract: An apparatus for destroying bacterial pathogens including at least one pair of electrodes secured in a housing configured to constrain flow of water through the region between the electrodes. In one construction, the electrodes are supported in a tube with sides of each member of an electrode pair conforming to the inner surface of the tube and electrode surfaces form a slotted space through which the water passes. The electrodes and space between the electrodes are also subject to a magnetic field which reduces rate of deposition of calacerous deposits on the electrode surfaces thereby extending the period of time between required cleaning of the electrodes. The electrodes can be simple slabs or screens or both. The electrodes are preferably tin, titanium, brass, iron or stainless steel.

Abstract: A continuous flow method and system is provided for converting environmentally pollutant by-product waste gases emitted during the manufacture of a product in a first manufacturing plant to a useful product in a second manufacturing plant such that release of the gases into the atmosphere may be prevented.

Abstract: An applicator for a meltable product comprising: a case, a reservoir for holding a quantity of the product, the reservoir having an outlet opening and being made at least in part of a thermally conductive material, heating means in thermal communication with the reservoir, and an applicator roller disposed in the outlet opening, wherein the applicator roller comprises a core composed at least partly of thermally conductive material and a layer of plastic material surrounding the core. An applicator in combination with an extraction gripper for gripping the roller, the gripper comprising two arms which extend substantially parallel to one another, each arm having a projecting finger positioned such that the projecting finger on one of the arms faces the projecting finger on the other one of the arms, the projecting fingers being located and configured to cooperate with the engagement elements of the roller in order to grip the roller.

Abstract: A pyrotechnic air bag inflator utilizing non-azide gas generating material such as mixtures of copper oxide and amino tetrazol includes a unitary, rigid, drop-in type, filter for cooling and filtering high temperature, high pressure corrosive gas generated when the air bag inflator is activated to inflate an associated air bag. The filter comprises a reticulated structure formed of strong, porous, metal, metal alloy or ceramic material having a high thermal diffusivity and surface area for absorbing heat from the gas and defining a plurality of tortuous passages for entrapping contaminants from the gas passing through the filter.

Abstract: A reactor arrangement and process for contacting a fluid reactant with a particulate catalyst in a plurality of flow channels and discharging converted reactant fluid and particles from the flow channels. The particles are discharged axially from the bottom of the flow channels into an unconfined bed of particles. Reactants are discharged in a transverse direction through the sides of the flow channels and across screen openings located a short distance above the channel outlets. A plurality of chambers regulate fluid flow through sections of the screens and prevent excessive fluid velocity in any section from holding up particle flow through the flow channels. The reactor arrangement and process of this invention is particularly useful for arrangements that may be used to operate a reactor under isothermal or other controlled temperature controlled conditions where a heat transfer fluid surrounds a plurality of tubular conduits or multiple flow channels that confine the particles and reactants.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling NO.sub.x produced by a natural gas fired combustion source includes establishing a control curve for the combustion source for indicating NO.sub.x levels based on steam injection rates and fuel flow rates provided to the burners. The atomizing steam injection flow rate provided to the burner is measured as well as the fuel flow rate. A NO.sub.x level is determined for the combustion source based on the atomizing steam injection flow rate, the firing rate, and the fuel flow rate. NO.sub.x levels are lowered by adding atomized steam to the burners according to the pre-programmed control curve.

Abstract: A test method and device employ a matrix to which is covalently bonded a second component of a two component dye system. Color is formed when the first component, which may be the analyte or another dye component, covalently couples to the second component. The color formed is covalently immobilized to the matrix. A preferred second component, 5-amino-2-naphthalene sulfonic acid, is covalently bonded via the amino group and forms a colored covalent adduct with oxidized 4-aminoantipyrine. Another preferred second component is diazotized para-aminoaniline, which is covalently bonded via the amino group and forms a colored covalent adduct directly with bilirubin.

Abstract: A hot gas cleanup system for removing particulates, alkali and sulfur from fuel gas produced by the gasification of coal in a gasifier, especially in an integrated gas turbine gasification power plant. A calcium based sulfur sorbent and an alkali sorbent are injected directly into the fuel gas and then recovered, along with the used sorbent, in a high efficiency, high temperature ceramic barrier filter. The fuel gas is then subjected to further de-sulfurization in a polishing de-sulfurizer supplied with a copper based sulfur sorbent. The used copper based sorbent is regenerated in fluidized bed regenerator. The regenerated sorbent is returned to the polishing de-sulfurizer and sulfur dioxide produced by the regeneration is directed to an oxidizer to which the used and unused sulfur sorbent from the filter is supplied so that the sulfur dioxide can be captured and so that the used sulfur sorbent can be converted to a more stable form for disposal.

Abstract: A device for simultaneously or sequentially carrying out chemical reactions ncludes a stack of four rods; and a carrier plate which is displaceable. The stack of four rods is composed of a first rod which has a position which is fixed and which has a plurality of throughgoing bores defined therein; a second rod which is in contact with the first rod, which is fixedly connected to the carrier plate so that the second rod is displaceable, and which has a throughgoing bore defined therethrough; a third rod which is in contact with the second rod, which is disposed so that it is displaceable by the carrier plate, arid which has defined therein a plurality of reaction chambers which are provided with two openings located opposite one another and which are present in a number n; and a fourth rod which is in contact with the third rod, which is fixedly connected to the carrier plate, and which has a throughgoing bore defined therein.

Abstract: Horizontal, small diameter cyclones are disclosed. Gas and fines are added tangentially around a clean vapor outlet tube in a cylindrical cyclone. A vortex of solids and some gas passes into a contiguous and axially aligned cylindrical vortex containment means from which solids are withdrawn via a horizontal slot. 0-5 micron particle removal is enhanced. An FCC process uses the cyclones as a third stage separator. An alternative design uses a half pipe extension on the solids outlet to confine the vortex of solids and gas.

Abstract: An apparatus is also described for reducing pollutant emissions into the surrounding air from storage of liquid materials in a tank having a cover which is movable in the vertical direction in the tank and moves along with the fill level of the liquid material being stored, wherewith an edge gap is present between the outer perimeter of the cover and the inner wall of the tank, which edge gap is filled with a sealing liquid which has a lower density than the liquid material being stored, and has a vapor pressure which is low in comparison to that of the liquid material being stored.

Abstract: A three-bed regenerative fume incinerator system includes a single rotary fluid control valve which effects three operational cycles in a repeating sequence. A valve body has a cylindrical inner surface about a central axis. Six main conduit connection openings at 60.degree. angular intervals are organized as three regenerator connection openings and three interspersed functional connection openings. The regenerator connection openings are connected via conduits to the lower end of the three respective thermal regenerators, the upper ends of which are connected to a common combustion chamber. Respectively connected to the functional connection openings are a contaminated feed gas inlet, treated gas outlet, and a source of purge gas. A valve rotor within the body has a pair of generally parallel plates spaced apart a distance corresponding to the angular extent of the openings, and supported substantially equidistant from the central axis for rotation between three functional valve positions.

Abstract: The invention discloses a composition and method for the enhancement of polyguanide based water sanitizing systems and for conversion of such systems to alternative water sanitizing systems if desired. The method includes the addition of an enhancing or conversion agent selected from the group consisting of a halogen salt, a Bromohydantoin and a chlorobromohydantoin in an amount to provide a concentration of approximately from 1 to 50 parts per million. Sodium borate and/or polyphosphate may also be added to the system to improve the effectiveness of the enhancing agent. The system may be converted to an alternative water sanitizing system by the addition of a sanitizing agent selected from the group consisting of chlorine, copper, silver, quaternary ammonium compounds, and polyquaternary ammonium compounds, which may be released into the water at a rate of 0.01 to 1 ounces per hour per 10,000 gallons of water for a period until conversion is complete.

Abstract: A preservation article for the preservation of an archival article, wherein the preservation article includes a molecular sieve which is organophilic, hydrophobic or acid-resistant. A method of preserving an archival article which involves providing a preservative article in proximity to an archival article, wherein the preservation article includes a molecular sieve which is organophilic, hydrophobic or acid-resistant. The preservation article may be coated on or incorporated into a container, a packaging material, a support for an archival article or the archival article itself.

Abstract: An apparatus for manufacturing a phosphor for use in an electroluminescent panel includes a storage body that is permeable to a fluid, and an open boat for containing a phosphor material. The open boat is stored in, and has a shape corresponding to, the storage body. The open boat and the storage body are housed in a reactor. A gas supply section introduces a nitrogen gas and a halogen gas into the reactor, and a heating device heats the reactor. A pressure control device selectively evacuates the reactor and introduces a gas pressure into the reactor to control the pressure in the reactor to be in a range from 10.sup.-3 to 1140 Torr.

Abstract: An exhaust gas purifying catalyst for use in an internal combustion engine includes a porous monolithic carrier, a catalyst coating layer formed on a surface of the monolithic carrier and containing a catalytic material capable of purifying exhaust gases, and a palladium-supporting layer formed in the catalyst coating layer at a location close to an exhaust gas inlet end of the monolithic carrier. Palladium is distributed at a high concentration in the palladium-supporting layer.

Abstract: By providing an ultrasonic irradiation apparatus for generating acoustic cavitation efficiently, it is intended to realize an ultrasonic therapeutic apparatus for generating the action of cavitation on a living body suitable for medical treatment of malignant tumors and medical treatment of thrombi and calculi, an ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus for generating cavitation for emphasizing an ultrasonic echo image such as a blood flow and utilizing the reflection capability of the cavitation, an ultrasonic chemical reaction accelerating apparatus, an ultrasonic cleaning apparatus or an ultrasonic sterilizing apparatus. Irradiation focus/code signals for defining irradiated acoustic fields of a fundamental wave and a second harmonic wave as well as focus positions/acoustic pressure distribution forms of the respective waves are applied from an irradiation unit main control circuit to drive phase generating circuits.